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Towards sustainable adversarial training with successive perturbation generation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第4期25卷 527-539页

作者： wei LIN Lichuan liao College of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China College of Economics and Management Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China

Adversarial training with online-generated adversarial examples has achieved promising performance in defending adversarial attacks and improving robustness of convolutional neural network ***,most existing adversarial training methods are dedicated to finding strong adversarial examples for forcing the model to learn the adversarial data distribution,which inevitably imposes a large computational overhead and results in a decrease in the generalization performance on clean *** this paper,we show that progressively enhancing the adversarial strength of adversarial examples across training epochs can effectively improve the model robustness,and appropriate model shifting can preserve the generalization performance of models in conjunction with negligible computational *** this end,we propose a successive perturbation generation scheme for adversarial training(SPGAT),which progressively strengthens the adversarial examples by adding the perturbations on adversarial examples transferred from the previous epoch and shifts models across the epochs to improve the efficiency of adversarial *** proposed SPGAT is both efficient and effective;e.g.,the computation time of our method is 900 min as against the 4100 min duration observed in the case of standard adversarial training,and the performance boost is more than 7%and 3%in terms of adversarial accuracy and clean accuracy,*** extensively evaluate the SPGAT on various datasets,including small-scale MNIST,middle-scale CIFAR-10,and large-scale *** experimental results show that our method is more efficient while performing favorably against state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Adversarial training Adversarial attack Stochastic weight average Machine learning Model generalization

KIM1、TIMP2及炎症指标与2型糖尿病肾病进展风险的相关性研究

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海南医学 2024年第14期35卷 2036-2041页

作者：孙小芳尹丽明包利文廖智威付文金王少波广东医科大学厚街临床医学院内分泌科广东东莞523960 广东医科大学厚街临床医学院检验科广东东莞523960

目的检测不同程度肾脏疾病的糖尿病患者中血清肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、金属基质蛋白酶抑制剂-2(TIMP2)、白介素6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)的水平,并评估其与糖尿病肾脏进展风险的关系。方法选取2022年3月至2023年3月东莞厚街医院收治的65例... 详细信息

目的检测不同程度肾脏疾病的糖尿病患者中血清肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、金属基质蛋白酶抑制剂-2(TIMP2)、白介素6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)的水平,并评估其与糖尿病肾脏进展风险的关系。方法选取2022年3月至2023年3月东莞厚街医院收治的65例2型糖尿病患者纳入研究,根据患者肾脏病变的严重程度,按照改善全球预后指南将糖尿病肾病(DKD)分为低风险组(n=19)、中风险组(n=22)和高风险组(n=24),同期选择20例体检健康者作为对照组。比较各组受试者血清KIM-1、TIMP-2、IL-6、CRP、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、尿蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、25羟维生素D_(3)[(25(OH)D_(3))]和甘油三酯(TG)的水平,采用Pearson法分析血清TIMP-2、KIM-1与DKD糖脂代谢、肾功能指标的相关性,利用受试者工作(ROC)曲线分析血清KIM-1、TIMP-2、IL-6、CRP、KIM-1与TIMP-2联合检测对DKD疾病进展的预测价值。结果四组受检者血清LDL-C、HDL-C和CRP水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组血清FPG、HbAlc、TIMP2、KIM-1水平分别为(5.13±0.56)mmol/L、(5.56±0.30)%、(4.91±0.76)ng/mL、(0.46±0.33)ng/mL,明显低于低风险组的(12.17±9.82)mmol/L、(9.45±2.46)%、(11.51±25.01)ng/mL、(1.00±0.68)ng/mL及中风险组的(11.35±10.63)mmol/L、(9.73±2.82)%、(30.23±17.42)ng/mL、(1.26±1.31)ng/mL和高风险组的(8.04±7.69)mmol/L、(9.27±2.21)%、(30.51±46.01)ng/mL、(1.63±1.09)ng/mL,而低风险组的血清中TIMP2、KIM-1水平明显低于中风险组、高风险组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);高风险组患者的血清CREA、IL-6水平分别为(122.00±79.23)μmmol/L、(3.51±5.92)pg/mL,明显高于低风险组的(77.00±42.70)μmmol/L、(0.50±2.79)pg/mL和中风险组的(74.00±32.25)μmmol/L、(1.34±3.61)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Spearman相关分析结果显示2型糖尿病肾病患者TIMP-2、KIM-1与HbA1c、IL-6、UACR均呈正相关(P<0.05),而TIMP-2、KIM-1与eGFR呈负相关(P<0.05);经ROC分析结果显示,KIM-1、TIMP-2、IL-6、CRP以及KIM-1联合TIMP-2预测2型糖尿病肾病进展风险的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.869、0.867、0.751、0.633和0.935,KIM-1联合TIMP-2预测较各单一指标预测的准确度更高。结论血清KIM-1、TIMP-2、IL-6、CRP水平升高与2型糖尿病肾病疾病进展密切相关,其中KIM-1联合TIMP-2预测2型糖尿病肾病进展风险的价值较高。

关键词：糖尿病肾病肾损伤分子-1 金属基质蛋白酶抑制剂-2 炎症因子相关性

A Second-Order Image Denoising Model for Contrast Preservation

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1406-1427页

作者： wei zhi Department of Mathematics University of AlabamaBox 870350TuscaloosaAL35487USA

In this work,we propose a second-order model for image denoising by employing a novel potential function recently developed in Zhu(J Sci Comput 88:46,2021)for the design of a regularization *** to this new second-order derivative based regularizer,the model is able to alleviate the staircase effect and preserve image *** augmented Lagrangian method(ALM)is utilized to minimize the associated functional and convergence analysis is established for the proposed *** experiments are presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed model.

关键词： Image denoising Variational model Image contrast Augmented Lagrangian method(ALM)

Optical scattering imaging with sub-nanometer precision based on position-ultra-sensitive giant Lamb shift

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 96-105页

作者： Zeyang liao Yu-wei Lu wei Li Xue-Hua Wang State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(Guangdong) Shenzhen 518045China

The Lamb shift of a quantum emitter in close proximity to a plasmonic nanostructure can be three or more orders of magnitude larger than that in the free space and is ultra-sensitive to the emitter position and *** demonstrate that this large Lamb shift can be sensitively observed from the scattering or absorption spectrum dip shift of the coupled system when the plasmonic nanoparticle or tip scans the *** these observations,we propose a scanning optical scattering imaging method based on the plasmonic-enhanced Lamb shift with achieves sub-nanometer *** method is based on the scattering or absorption spectrum of the plasmon-emitter coupling system,which is free of the fluorescence quenching problem and easier to implement in a plasmon-emitter coupling *** addition,our scheme works even if the quantum emitter is slightly below the dielectric surface,which can bring about broader applications,such as detecting atoms and molecules or quantum dots above or under a surface.

关键词： Lamb shift plasmon optical scattering imaging

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Superconducting,Topological,and Transport Properties of Kagome Metals CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)and RbTi_(3)Bi_(5)

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 753-762页

作者： Xin-wei Yi Zheng-wei liao Jing-Yang You Bo Gu Gang Su School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore117551Singapore Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum ComputationUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The recently discovered ATi_(3)Bi_(5)(A=Cs,Rb)exhibit intriguing quantum phenomena including superconductivity,electronic nematicity,and abundant topological ***_(3)Bi_(5)present promising platforms for studying kagome superconductivity,band topology,and charge orders in parallel with *** this work,we comprehensively analyze various properties of ATi_(3)Bi_(5)covering superconductivity under pressure and doping,band topology under pressure,thermal conductivity,heat capacity,electrical resistance,and spin Hall conductivity(SHC)using first-principles *** superconducting transition temperature(Tc)of CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)and RbTi_(3)Bi_(5)at ambient pressure are about 1.85 and 1.92 *** subject to pressure,Tc of CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)exhibits a special valley and dome shape,which arises from quasi-two-dimensional compression to three-dimensional isotropic compression within the context of an overall decreasing ***,Tc of RbTi_(3)Bi_(5)can be effectively enhanced up to 3.09 K by tuning the kagome van Hove singularities(VHSs)and flat band through *** can also induce abundant topological surface states at the Fermi energy(EF)and tune VHSs across ***,our transport calculations are in excellent agreement with recent experiments,confirming the absence of charge density ***,SHC of CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)can reach up to 226h·(e·Ω·cm)^(-1)at *** work provides a timely and detailed analysis of the rich physical properties for ATi_(3)Bi_(5),offering valuable insights for further experimental verifications and investigations in this field.

关键词： doping superconductivity conductivity

Stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution during the Cryogenian-Ediacaran transition in northeastern Sichuan Basin,South China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 823-835页

作者： Yi Zhang Hong-wei Kuang Yong-Qing Liu Qiang Shi Dong-Ge Wang Ke-Ning Qi Yu-Chong Wang Da-wei Qiao Xiao-Shuai Chen Li-zhi Wu Meng Tian Long Chen Yi wei liao-Yuan Song Jian Li Zi-Gang Wu Yun-Qian Liu Xuan-Chun Liu An-Qing Chen zhi-wei liao Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing100037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control School of Resources and Safety EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China No.205 Geological Team Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals ExplorationChongqing401121China Chongqing Institute of Geological Survey Chongqing401122China Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina

The northeastern Sichuan area in the northern Yangtze margin has unique Ediacaran geological records,especially the Doushantuo Formation(DST),and become a hot research area in recent ***,the Cryogenian-Ediacaran(C-E)boundary has not been precisely identified,which restricts the in-depth study of geological information during this crucial transitional period and is unfavorable for a systematic and complete understanding of the Yangtze Block and even the global paleogeographic *** study conducted stratigraphy,sedimentology,and chronostratigraphy to establish the stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution of the C-E transition strata in northeastern *** results showed that the Ediacaran sediments,without the cap dolomite,unconformably overlaid the Cryogenian sediments in the studied *** Member II of the DST,characterized by 50-160 m of red-green sandstone(approximately equivalent to the original Chengkou“Guanyinya Formation”),directly overlaid the Cryogenian sediments and displayed a 623±2.3 Ma maximum depositional age from the detrital zircon U-Pb *** stratigraphic correlations indicate that the C-E transition strata in northeastern Sichuan had a consistent lithological association and sedimentary sequence characteristics but differed from the Three ***,the upper Nantuo massive glacial diamictites transition to the icebergs rafted lonestone-bearing mudstones at the top,then change upward to DST barrier coast *** proposed DST of the northeastern Sichuan Basin was divided into three lithostratigraphic members without the regional Member I cap dolomite:(i)Member II purple-red,gray-green sandstone strata,(ii)MemberⅢblack mudstone strata,and(iii)Member IV P-Mn bearing *** the C-E transition,the study area experienced(i)the global deglaciation stage in the terminal Marinoan glaciation and(ii)the filling-leveling up stage with clastic rocks in the early ***,the early Ediacaran

关键词： Marinoan glaciation Doushantuo formation Cap dolomite Deglacial and coastal deposits Detrital zircon U-Pb dating

Control method based on DRFNN sliding mode for multifunctional flexible multistate switch

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第2期7卷 190-205页

作者： Jianghua liao wei Gao Yan Yang Gengjie Yang College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108P.R.China Faculty of Automation Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huai’an 223003P.R.China

To address the low accuracy and stability when applying classical control theory in distribution networks with distributed generation,a control method involving flexible multistate switches(FMSs)is proposed in this *** approach is based on an improved double-loop recursive fuzzy neural network(DRFNN)sliding mode,which is intended to stably achieve multiterminal power interaction and adaptive arc suppression for single-phase ground ***,an improved DRFNN sliding mode control(SMC)method is proposed to overcome the chattering and transient overshoot inherent in the classical SMC and reduce the reliance on a precise mathematical model of the control *** improve the robustness of the system,an adaptive parameter-adjustment strategy for the DRFNN is designed,where its dynamic mapping capabilities are leveraged to improve the transient compensation ***,a quasi-continuous second-order sliding mode controller with a calculus-driven sliding mode surface is developed to improve the current monitoring accuracy and enhance the system *** stability of the proposed method and the convergence of the network parameters are verified using the Lyapunov theorem.A simulation model of the three-port FMS with its control system is constructed in MATLAB/*** simulation result confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy based on a comparative analysis.

关键词： Distribution networks Flexible multistate switch Grounding fault arc suppression Double-loop recursive fuzzy neural network Quasi-continuous second-order sliding mode

NFT Security Matrix:Towards Modeling NFT Ecosystem Threat

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3255-3285页

作者： Peng liao Chaoge Liu Jie Yin zhi Wang Xiang Cui Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing100094China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China

Digital assets have boomed over the past few years with the emergence of Non-fungible Tokens(NFTs).To be specific,the total trading volume of digital assets reached an astounding$55.5 billion in ***,numerous security concerns have been raised by the rapid expansion of the NFT *** holders are exposed to a plethora of scams and traps,putting their digital assets at risk of being ***,academic research on NFT security is scarce,and the security issues have aroused rare *** this study,the NFT ecological process is comprehensively *** process falls into five different stages encompassing the entire lifecycle of ***,the security issues regarding the respective stage are elaborated and analyzed in depth.A matrix model is proposed as a novel contribution to the categorization of NFT security *** data are collected from social networks,the Ethereum blockchain,and NFT markets to substantiate our claims regarding the severity of security concerns in the NFT *** this comprehensive dataset,nine key NFT security issues are identified from the matrix model and then subjected to qualitative and quantitative *** study aims to shed light on the severity of NFT ecosystem security *** findings stress the need for increased attention and proactive measures to safeguard the NFT ecosystem.

关键词： Non-fungible token blockchain cyber security

Economical Quadrupedal Multi-Gait Locomotion via Gait-Heuristic Reinforcement Learning

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第4期21卷 1720-1732页

作者： Lang wei Jinzhou Zou Xi Yu Liangyu Liu Jianbin liao wei Wang Tong Zhang School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan UniversityLuojiashanWuhan430072HubeiChina State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityLuojiashanWuhan430072HubeiChina

In order to strike a balance between achieving desired velocities and minimizing energy consumption,legged animals have the ability to adopt the appropriate gait pattern and seamlessly transition to another if *** ability makes them more versatile and efficient when traversing natural terrains,and more suitable for long *** the same way,it is meaningful and important for quadruped robots to master this *** achieve this goal,we propose an effective gait-heuristic reinforcement learning framework in which multiple gait locomotion and smooth gait transitions automatically emerge to reach target velocities while minimizing energy *** incorporate a novel trajectory generator with explicit gait information as a memory mechanism into the deep reinforcement learning *** allows the quadruped robot to adopt reliable and distinct gait patterns while benefiting from a warm start provided by the trajectory ***,we investigate the key factors contributing to the emergence of multiple gait *** tested our framework on a closed-chain quadruped robot and demonstrated that the robot can change its gait patterns,such as standing,walking,and trotting,to adopt the most energy-efficient gait at a given ***,we deploy our learned controller to a quadruped robot and demonstrate the energy efficiency and robustness of our method.

关键词： Legged robots Deep reinforcement learning Central pattern generator Quadrupedal gait