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Screening of transition metal oxides for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia at large currents

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3902-3910页

作者： Qiongfei Wu Weijie Zhu Dongxu Ma Chao liang Zhoucheng Wang Hanfeng liang State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Tan Kah Kee Innovation LaboratoryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Chemical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)towards ammonia,as an emerging and appealing technology alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process and inefficient nitrogen reduction reaction,has recently aroused wide concern and ***,the current research of the NO_(3)RR towards ammonia lacks the overall performance comparison of various *** this,we here make a comparison of 12 common transition metal oxide catalysts for the NO_(3)RR under a high cathodic current density of 0.25 A·cm^(-2),wherein Co_(3)O_(4) catalyst displays the highest ammonia Faradaic efficiency(85.15%)and moderate activity(ca.-0.25 V *** hydrogen electrode).Other external factors,such as nitrate concentrations in the electrolyte and applied potential ranges,have also been specifically investigated for the NO_(3)RR.

关键词： nitrate reduction reaction ammonia production transition metal oxides Co_(3)O_(4)

Systematic study of the synthesis of heavy and superheavy nuclei in 48ca-induced fusion-evaporation reactions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 157-172页

作者： Shi-Hao Zhu Tian-liang Zhao Xiao-Jun Bao Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum EffectsKey Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

We systematically studied the evaporation residue cross sections of ^(48)ca-induced reactions on lanthanide and actinide target nuclei under the Dinuclear System(DNS)model framework to check the reliability and applicability of the *** produce new proton-rich Fl and Lv isotopes through hot fusion reactions in the superheavy element region with Z≥104,we utilized the reactions ^(48)ca+^(236,238,239) Pu and ^(48)ca+^(242,243,244,250) ***,owing to the detection limit of available equipment(0.1 pb),only 283Fl and 287−289Lv,which have the maximum evaporation residue cross section values of 0.149,0.130,9.522,and 0.309 pb,respectively,can be ***,to produce neutron-deficient isotopes of actinides near the proton drip line with Z=93−100,we attempted to generate the new isotopes(224−227Pu,228−232,237Cm)using the reactions ^(48)ca+180,182,183 W and ^(48)ca+^(184,186,187,192) *** maximum evaporation residue cross section values are 0.07,0.06,0.26,and 0.30 nb for the former set of reactions,and 1.96 pb,5.73 pb,12.16 pb,19.39 pb,54.79 pb,and 6.45 nb for the latter,*** results are expected to provide new information for the future synthesis of unknown neutron-deficient isotopes.

关键词： Dinuclear system(DNS)model Evaporation residue cross section Neutron-deficient isotopes

Tunable luminescence of Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+)-doped SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MCO_(3)(M=ca,Sr,Ba) glasses for WLED

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1652-1657,I0001页

作者： Falin Zhang Xiaoying liang Rongfei Wei Hai Guo Fangfang Hu Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China

In this work,a group of Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+)-doped SiO2-Al_(2)O_(3)-MCO_(3)(M=ca,Sr,Ba) glasses were fabricated through melt-quenching *** structure and photoluminescence characters were studied via Xray diffraction(XRD),UV-Vis transmission spectra(TRS),excitation spectra,emission spectra and decay *** XRD results show that no nano-crystal phase forms in glass matrix with different doping concentrations of Bi^(3+)and Eu^(3+)*** regulating optical alkalinity value,the intensity of Bi^(3+)ions increases and the peak position shifts to red *** Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+) co-doped glasses show a blue-white-yellow-red luminescence by changing concentration of Eu^(3+) *** transfer efficiency from Bi^(3+) to Eu^(3+) can reach as high as 10.54%.At 423 K, the emission intensity of 55SiO_(2)-10Al_(2)O_(3)-35BaO-0.25Bi_(2)O_(3)(GBE0.5) is 31.1% of that at 308 ***,the activation energy of the glass matrix is 0.251 *** results suggest that these Bi^(3+)/Eu^(3+) co-doped glass samples possess potential application in LED field.

关键词： Bi^(3+) Eu^(3+) Glass White light-emitting diode Energy transfer Rare earths

Stabilization and detection of labile reaction intermediates in supramolecular containers

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 47-52页

作者： Rui Wang Yang liang Julius Rebek Jr. Yang Yu Center for Supramolecular Chemistry&catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037United States

Detection and observation of reactive intermediates is an essential step in investigation of reaction ***,most reactive intermediates are unstable and present at low concentrations;their short lifetimes make them difficult to detect and *** containers offer opportunities for the stabilization and characterization of those labile species,through isolation from the media and protection inside the cavity of the *** this review,we summarize the examples of labile reaction intermediates that are stabilized and characterized with the help of supramolecular *** container compounds include carcerands,deep cavitands and amide *** focus on unstable guest species-cyclobutadiene,benzocyclopropenone,o-benzyne,1,2,4,6-cycloheptatetraene,anti-Bredt's olefin,fluorophenoxycarbene,O-acylisoamide,and hemiaminalthat act as intermediates in certain organic reactions.

关键词： Supramolecular containers Reaction intermediates Labile species stabilization Short-lived species detection Supramolecular chemistry

High-efficiency CO_(2) sequestration through direct aqueous carbonation of carbide slag: determination of carbonation reaction and optimization of operation parameters

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 157-167页

作者： Zhiqiang Wang Longpeng Cui Yanfang Liu Jili Hou Hongwei Li liang Zou Fuxia Zhu Department of Coal and Syngas Conversion Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.Ltd.Beijing 100083China

Under the dual-carbon target, CO_(2) mineralization through solid wastes presents a mutually beneficial approach for permanent carbon emission reduction at a low material cost, while also enabling the resource utilization of these wastes. However, despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding about the effect of industrial solid waste properties and operating parameters on the carbonation process, and the mechanism of direct aqueous carbonation is still lacking. A series of experiments were conducted to compare the carbonation performance of fly ash, steel slag, and carbide slag. Subsequently, CO_(2) mineralization by carbide slag was systematically studied under various operating parameters due to its high CO_(2) sequestration capacity. Results showed the reactivity of caO and ca(OH)2 was higher than that of caO·SiO_(2) and 2caO·SiO_(2). carbide slag demonstrated a sequestration capacity of 610.8 g CO_(2)/kg and carbonation efficiency ζca of 62.04% under the conditions of 65 ℃, 1.5 MPa initial CO_(2) pressure, 15 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 200 r/min stirring speed. Moreover, the formation of carbonates was confirmed through XRD, SEM-EDS, TG, and FTIR. A mechanism analysis revealed that initially, the rate of the carbonation process was primarily controlled by the mass transfer of CO_(2) in the gas–liquid interface. However, the rate-determining step gradually shifted to the mass transfer of ca2+ in the solid–liquid interface as the reaction time increased. This study lays the foundation for the large-scale implementation of CO_(2) sequestration through carbide slag carbonation.

关键词： Industrial by-products Direct aqueous carbonation CO_(2)sequestration Mass transfer

Solvent extraction of scandium from leaching solution of red mud roasted with ammonium sulfate using D2EHPA/TBP

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1943-1949页

作者： Fucheng Li Xinsheng Li Lei Shi Xiang Li Duoqiang liang Yuezhou Wei Toyohisa Fujita School of Resources Environment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materiais and Life-for Composite Structures Guangxi UniversityNanning530004China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang421001China

Red mud is an important secondary resource for scandium *** red mud leaching solution containing scandium in this study was derived from environmentally friendly ammonium sulfate roasting and water leaching process.A synergistic extraction with a mixture of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate acid(D2EHPA)and tributyl phosphate(TBP)for recovery of scandium from red mud leaching solution is *** effects of D2EHPA concentration,H_(2)SO_(4)concentration,rare earth elements,dosage of TBP,phase ratio(A/O),contact time and H_(2)O_(2)concentration on scandium extraction were *** results show that more than 99%scandium is extracted under the optimal conditions while Fe,Al,Ti,ca and rare earth elements(Ce,Y,La,Nd,Er,etc.)are hardly *** stripping efficiency of Sc reaches above 92.37%under the optimal stripping conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH with an A/O of 1 at 90℃for 30 *** proposed technology could provide an effective method for extraction of scandium from red mud leaching solution.

关键词： Scandium Red mud leaching solution D2EHPA/TBP Solvent extraction Rare earths

Deformation of Rigid Conjugate Self-dual Galois Representations

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1599-1644页

作者： Yi Feng LIU Yi Chao TIAN liang XIAO Wei ZHANG Xin Wen ZHU Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Morningside Center of Mathematics AMSSChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190P.R.China New Cornerstone Lab Beijing International Center for Mathematical ResearchPeking Ui Beijing 100871P.R.China Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139United States Department of Mathematics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States

In this article,we study deformations of conjugate self-dual Galois *** study is ***,we prove an R=T type theorem for a conjugate self-dual Galois representation with coefficients in a finite field,satisfying a certain property called ***,we study the rigidity property for the family of residue Galois representations attached to a symmetric power of an elliptic curve,as well as to a regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal representation.

关键词： Galois deformation rigid conjugate self-dual Galois representations

Harness High-Temperature Thermal Energy via Elastic Thermoelectric Aerogels

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 196-210页

作者： Hongxiong Li Zhaofu Ding Quan Zhou Jun Chen Zhuoxin Liu Chunyu Du Lirong liang Guangming Chen College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Despite notable progress in thermoelectric(TE)materials and devices,developing TE aerogels with high-temperature resistance,superior TE performance and excellent elasticity to enable self-powered high-temperature monitoring/warning in industrial and wearable applications remains a great ***,a highly elastic,flame-retardant and high-temperature-resistant TE aerogel,made of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/single-walled carbon nanotube(PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT)composites,has been fabricated,displaying attractive compression-induced power factor *** as-fabricated sensors with the aerogel can achieve accurately pressure stimuli detection and wide temperature range ***,a flexible TE generator is assembled,consisting of 25 aerogels connected in series,capable of delivering a maximum output power of 400μW when subjected to a temperature difference of 300 *** demonstrates its outstanding high-temperature heat harvesting capability and promising application prospects for real-time temperature monitoring on industrial high-temperature ***,the designed self-powered wearable sensing glove can realize precise wide-range temperature detection,high-temperature warning and accurate recognition of human hand *** aerogel-based intelligent wearable sensing system developed for firefighters demonstrates the desired self-powered and highly sensitive high-temperature fire warning *** from these desirable properties,the elastic and high-temperature-resistant aerogels present various promising applications including self-powered high-temperature monitoring,industrial overheat warning,waste heat energy recycling and even wearable healthcare.

关键词： Thermoelectrics Aerogel Self-powered High-temperature monitoring High-temperature warning

Achieving structurally stable O3-type layered oxide cathodes through site-specific cation-anion co-substitution for sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 411-418,I0011页

作者： Yihao Shen Chen Cheng Xiao Xia Lei Wang Xi Zhou Pan Zeng Jianrong Zeng liang Zhang Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina Institute for Advanced Study School of Mechanical EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106SichuanChina Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative carbon Technologies Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina

O3-type layered oxides have garnered great attention as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries because of their abundant reserves and high theoretical ***,challenges persist in the form of uncontrollable phase transitions and intricate Na^(+)diffusion pathways during cycling,resulting in compromised structural stability and reduced capacity over *** study introduces a special approach employing site-specific ca/F co-substitution within the layered structure of O_(3)-NaNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) to effectively address these ***,the strategically site-specific doping of ca into Na sites and F into O sites not only expands the Na^(+)diffusion pathways but also orchestrates a mild phase transition by suppressing the Na^(+)/vacancy ordering and providing strong metal-oxygen bonding strength,*** as-synthesized Na_(0.95)ca_(0.05)Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(1.95)F_(0.05)(NNMO-caF)exhibits a mild O3→O3+O'3→P3 phase transition with minimized interlayer distance variation,leading to enhanced structural integrity and stability over extended *** a result,NNMO-caF delivers a high specific capacity of 119.5 mA h g^(-1)at a current density of 120 mA g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 87.1%after 100 *** study presents a promising strategy to mitigate the challenges posed by multiple phase transitions and augment Na^(+)diffusion kinetics,thus paving the way for high-performance layered cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries O3-type layered oxides Site-specific co-doping Phase transition