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Input-Based Approaches to Teaching Grammar: A Review of Classroom-oriented Research

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基础教育外语教学研究 2006年第1期 38-41页

作者： rod Ellis

***-processing studies The input-processing studies examined here involve experimental comparisons of input-based and production- based *** traditional grammar teaching attempts to manipulate learner production,‘processing instruction’emplys‘interpretation tasks’(Ellis 1995)that invite learners to engage in intentional learning by consciously noticing how a target grammatical feature is used in input specially contrived to contain numerous exemplars of the structure.

关键词：中学英语教学语法教学语言输入复习课

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Moving the Goalposts

英语学习 1996年第8期 28-30页

作者： rod USHER

足球比赛以其独特的魅力吸引着全世界无数的观众。国际足联(FIFA)提出要扩大球门的尺寸以期增加进球数。然而,这种考虑虽然初衷不错,广大球员及球迷却不买帐。

关键词：进球数足球运动 Moving the Goalposts 国际足联

中国均衡实际有效汇率:一个总量一般均衡分析

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经济研究 2001年第6期36卷 21-32页

作者：卜永祥 rod Tyers 中国人民银行研究局 100037 澳大利亚国立大学经济与商务系

亚洲金融危机时期中国实行事实上的盯住美元制度 ,同时亚洲各国的汇率水平进行了重新调整。本文探讨在亚洲金融危机以前及危机期间中国实际有效汇率的“均衡”水平。假定一系列不同的贸易差额 ,我们运用扩展了的Devarajan Lewis Robinso... 详细信息

亚洲金融危机时期中国实行事实上的盯住美元制度 ,同时亚洲各国的汇率水平进行了重新调整。本文探讨在亚洲金融危机以前及危机期间中国实际有效汇率的“均衡”水平。假定一系列不同的贸易差额 ,我们运用扩展了的Devarajan Lewis Robinson三商品一般均衡模型估计均衡实际有效汇率的不同时间路径。模型的关键要素是要有进口品和出口品价格指数的时间序列资料。鉴于这些价格指数从其他渠道无法获得 ,作者利用贸易数字构造了这些指数。研究发现在亚洲金融危机之前的 4年内中国的实际有效汇率低于均衡汇率 ,这部分地缘于外汇储备的快速累积。与事实相反 ,如果假设在此期间 ,每年不超过 1 0 %的出口收入转化为外汇储备 ,则中国的实际有效汇率将会比现在高 5%到 1 2 %

关键词：实际有效汇率均衡外汇储备中国汇率

澳大利亚畜产品质量保证制度及对中国畜产品质量保证制度建设的启示

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中国农村经济 2004年第4期 70-75页

作者：朱述斌 rod Cox 悉尼大学亚洲农商研究中心

中国畜产品质量和安全问题受到广泛关注 ,畜产品质量问题已成为中国畜牧业进一步扩大其国内外市场和增加农民收入的主要瓶颈。本文在考察澳大利亚畜产品质量保证制度的基础上 ,介绍了澳大利亚畜产品国家质量保证制度实施的基本情况和主... 详细信息

中国畜产品质量和安全问题受到广泛关注 ,畜产品质量问题已成为中国畜牧业进一步扩大其国内外市场和增加农民收入的主要瓶颈。本文在考察澳大利亚畜产品质量保证制度的基础上 ,介绍了澳大利亚畜产品国家质量保证制度实施的基本情况和主要类型 ,并总结澳大利亚两类具有代表性的畜产品质量保证制度的具体功能和运作经验。

关键词：澳大利亚畜产品质量保证制度食品安全消费者

Early osmotic adjustment responses in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive oilseed rape

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 797-809页

作者： Sarah Hatzig L.Irina Zaharia Suzanne Abrams Marie Hohmann Laurie Legoahec Alain Bouchereau Nathalie Nesi rod J.Snowdon Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University National Research Council of Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan UMR 1349 INRA-AgroCampus Ouest-Université de Rennes 1 Joint Laboratory for Genetics Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP) Bat.301 BP 35327 35653 Le Rheu Cedex France

The impact of osmotic stress on growth, physiolo- gy, and metabolism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） was investigated by detailed analysis of biomass traits, hormone metabolites and osmolytes in two genetically unrelated drought-tolerant genotypes and two unrelated drought-sensitive genotypes. Seedlings were grown in vitro under controlled conditions and osmotic stress was simulated by applying a gradual treatment with polyethylene glycol （PEG 6ooo）, followed by hypo-osmotic treatment of variants used for metabolite determination. The results provide a basis for the identification of reliable selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape. The in vitro cultivation system established during this study enabled effective discrimination of early osmotic stress responses between drought-resistant and -susceptible oilseed rape genotypes that also show large differences in relative seed yield under drought conditions in the field. Clear physiological and metabolic differences wereobserved between the drought-resistant and drought-sensitive genotypes, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a key component of drought response in oilseed rape. Unexpected- ly, however, the drought-resistant genotypes did not show typical hormonal adjustment and osmolyte accumulation, suggesting that they possess alternative physiological mech- anisms enabling avoidance of stress symptoms.

关键词： Abscisic acid Brassica napus drought hormones metabolites

Dental Anxiety among Danish Adults—Comparison of Recent Website Data and Older Telephone Data with Government Demographic Statistics

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2017年第12期7卷 530-544页

作者： rod Moore Peter Bering Dental Anxiety Research & Treatment Center Department of Dentistry Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Public Health Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Background: Survey quality, in particular sampling, coverage, and issues of representativity, are important for valid and reliable conclusions from epidemiological data. Dental anxiety (DA) still challenges dental clinicians since it is synonymous with care avoidance. Accurate estimates of DA are important for public health. Aims were to 1) assess demographic representativity (age/ gender) of a 2013-14 web survey and a 1992-93 telephone survey about DA in Danish adults aged 16 - 80 yr using government statistics;2) assess DA frequency and characteristics from web survey data (N = 701);and 3) compare web results with 1993 results. Method: Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) measured DA, while other items revealed gender, age, education, dentist avoidance, and three types of negative dentist behaviors. Analyses used frequencies, Chi- square, odds ratios (OR) and ANOVAs. Results: Samples from 1992-3 and 2013-14 were not significantly different by demographics or government statistics, with the exception of low numbers in ages 16 - 19 yr for both surveys. Ages 20 - 29 yr and 30 - 39 yr were slightly overrepresented in telephone data, while ages 50 - 59 yo were in web data. Mean DAS scores were 7.5 for both 1992-3 and 2013-14. Extreme DA (DAS 20-15) increased from 4.2% to 5.3%, while high DA (DAS ≥ 13) increased from 6% to 9.5%. Main 2013-14 associations with DAS ≥ 15 were women (OR = 4.7), avoiding dentists (OR = 11.4) and negative dentist behaviors (OR = 4.2 - 6.7) similar to 1992-3 data. Conclusion: Web survey results from this convenience sample were demographically representative for adults 20 - 80 yo and showed small changes in DA after 20 years. Future strategies regarding survey of teenagers require special attention.

关键词： Dental Anxiety Prevalence Characteristics Epidemiological Methods Subject Recruitment Web Surveys Telephone Surveys Demographic Representativity

Birth control that lasts 5 years

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英语学习 1994年第11期 79-82页

作者： rod MICKLEBURGH 柯学

Canadian women will soon have access to a revolutionarybirth-control device that is effective for a period of up to *** Norplant implant has been approved by the federalhealth protection branch, and officials from Wye... 详细信息

关键词： Birth control that lasts 5 years

Deletion of a Stay-Green Gene Associates with Adaptive Selection in Brassica napus

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Molecular Plant 2016年第12期9卷 1559-1569页

作者： Lunwen Qian Kai Voss-Fels Yixin Cui Habib U. Jan Birgit Samans Christian Obermeier Wei Qian rod J. Snowdon Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University 400716 Chongqing China

Chlorophyll levels provide important imrormation about plant growth and physiological plasticity in response to changing environments. The stay-green gene NON-YELLOWING 1 （NYE1） is believed to regu-late chlorophyll degradation during senescence, concomitantly affecting the disassembly of the light- harvesting complex and hence indirectly influencing photosynthesis. We identified Brassica napus acces- sions carrying an NYE1 deletion associated with increased chlorophyll content, and with upregulated expression of light-harvesting complex and photosynthetic reaction center （PSI and PSII） genes. Compar- ative analysis of the seed oil content of accessions with related genetic backgrounds revealed that the B. napus NYE1 gene deletion （bnnyel） affected oil accumulation, and linkage disequilibrium signatures suggested that the locus has been subject to artificial selection by breeding in oilseed B. napus forms. Comparative analysis of haplotype diversity groups （haplogroups） between three different ecotypes of the allopolyploid B. napus and its A-subgenome diploid progenitor, Brassica rapa, indicated that introgres- sion of the bnnyel deletion from Asian B. rapa into winter-type B. napus may have simultaneously improved its adaptation to cooler environments experienced by autumn-sown rapeseed.

关键词： rapeseed breeding chlorophyll photosynthesis presence-absence variation PAV

“拒绝一切的自由之手”:蒲龄恩诗歌中的政治性与复杂性(英文)

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外国文学研究 2008年第3期30卷 5-13页

作者：罗德剑桥大学

本文考察了J. H.蒲龄恩与他的小圈子读者之间的关系。他于1968年到1999年之间在这个诗歌出版小圈子里发表了他的诗歌作品。蒲龄恩的诗歌创作以整体文化作为背景来认识和抵制诗歌的边缘状态,并审视它与其它语言形式的关系,特别是与经济... 详细信息

本文考察了J. H.蒲龄恩与他的小圈子读者之间的关系。他于1968年到1999年之间在这个诗歌出版小圈子里发表了他的诗歌作品。蒲龄恩的诗歌创作以整体文化作为背景来认识和抵制诗歌的边缘状态,并审视它与其它语言形式的关系,特别是与经济体系之形式的关系。他的组诗《词序》(1989年)使用一种重新对世界进行想象的语言以反映礼物经济的优越性。他在上世纪90年代以及后来发表的作品,通过将西方社会的语言实践与西方以外社会(尤其是中国和中东)的形式与关系并置,对西方的语言实践进行评价。

关键词：诗歌与经济学政治复杂性