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Hepatic Elastometry in the Management of Hepatitis b at National Hospital of Niamey

Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期14卷 313-321页

作者： Ousseini Fanta Hamidine Illa Moussa Saley Sahada Abdourahamane Idrissa Fatouma Abdou Nafissatou Ali Cheik Rakia Abdou boubé Abdou Djibo ben Moctar Ky Lawagoulé joseph Emile Daou Mamane Faculty of Health Sciences Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology National Hospital of Niamey Niamey Niger Laboratoire de Recherche Clinique et Systme de Sant Niger Universit Andr Salifou of Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Zinder National Hospital Zinder Niger Department of Infectiology National Hospital of Niamey Niamey Niger Regional Hospital Centre of Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology General Reference Hospital of Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology The University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Internal Medicine General Reference Hospital of Niamey Niamey Niger

Introduction: Viral hepatitis b is a public health problem in Niger which is classified as a high endemicity area with a prevalence ranging from 8 to 17% depending on the studies [1] and that of HbV-related cirrhosis is about 40.26% in 2024. The decision to treat is based on a combination of three parameters: viral load, ALT values and the degree of hepatic fibrosis [2]. The latter is assessed by hepatic elastography (Fibroscan), which is a decisive factor in treatment. In Niger, until 2024, the decision to treat or not to treat a patient with HbV was based on the determination of viral load b and transaminases, and no work evaluating the contribution of this third element, liver elasticity, has been done, hence the interest of our study. Objective: To study the contribution of Fibroscan in measuring hepatic elasticity in the management of patients with HbV. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted from January 05 to November 30, i.e. a period of 11 months, on clinically asymptomatic HbsAg-positive patients who had undergone FibroScan liver elasticity measurement. The examination was carried out by a hepatogastroenterologist who had received training in the Fibroscan. The median of ten measures of liver elasticity at the same point with an IQR of less than 30% was considered the valid measure and no or minimal fibrosis was defined as a value ˂7 Kpa, moderate fibrosis as a value between 7 and 10 kpa, severe fibrosis as a value greater than 10 Kpa, and the existence of cirrhosis as a value greater than 14 Kpa were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Out of 398 patients monitored for HbV, 60 cases met the inclusion criteria, i.e., a frequency of 15.07%. The mean age of the patients was 35.63 years, with extremes of 18 and 70 years. They were predominantly male, with a sex ratio of 3.2. Married patients accounted for 61.67% (n = 37). Jaundice was absent in 91.67% (n = 55). The circumstances of discovery of HbV were the routine health

关键词： Hepatic Elasticity Fibroscan Fibrosis Hepatitis b Niger

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Ultimate Strength Prediction of Carbon/Epoxy Tensile Specimens from Acoustic Emission Data

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第8期26卷 725-729页

作者： V.Arumugam R.Naren Shankar b.T.N.Sridhar A.joseph Stanley Department of Aerospace Engineering Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna University

The objective of this paper was to predict the residual strength of post impacted carbon/epoxy composite laminates using an online acoustic emission （AE） monitoring and artificial neural networks （ANN）. The laminates were made from eight-layered carbon （in woven mat form） with epoxy as the binding medium by hand lay-up technique and cured at a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 under room temperature using a 30 ton capacity compression molding machine for 24 h. 21 tensile specimens （ASTM D3039 standard） were cut from the cross ply laminates. 16 specimens were subjected to impact load from three different heights using a Fractovis Plus drop impact tester. both impacted and non-impacted specimens were subjected to uniaxial tension under the acoustic emission monitoring using a 100 kN FIE servo hydraulic universal testing machine. The dominant AE parameters such as counts, energy, duration, rise time and amplitude are recorded during monitoring. Cumulative counts corresponding to the amplitude ranges obtained during the tensile testing are used to train the network. This network can be used to predict the failure load of a similar specimen subjected to uniaxial tension under acoustic emission monitoring for certain percentage of the average failure load.

关键词： Acoustic emission (AE) Carbon/epoxy laminate Tensile testing Artificial neuralnetworks

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Toll-like receptor signaling in hematopoietic homeostasis and the pathogenesis of hematologic diseases

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第3期9卷 288-303页

作者： joseph Cannova biochemistry and Molecular biology Program Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Stritch School of Medicine Loyo& University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Oncology Institute Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Department of Pathology Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Department of biology Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL 60660 USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA

Toll-like receptors （TLRs）, which are found in innate immune cells, are essential mediators of rapid inflammatory responses and appropriate T-cell activation in response to infection and tissue damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that TLR signaling is involved in normal hematopoiesis and specific hematologic pathologies. Particular TLRs and their downstream signaling mediators are expressed not only in terminally differentiated innate immune cells but also in early hematopoietic progenitors. Sterile activation of TLR signaling is required to generate early embryonic hematopoietic progenitor cells. In adult animals, TLR signaling directly or indirectly promotes differentiation of myeloid cells at the expense of that of lymphoid cells and the self renewal of hematopoietic stem cells during infection and tissue damage. Activating mutations of the MyD88 gene, which codes for a key adaptor involved in TLR signaling, are commonly detected in b-cell lymphomas and other b-cell hematopathologies. Dysregulated TLR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of many hematopoietic disorders, including bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Complete elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which TLR signaling mediates the regulation of both normal and pathogenic hematopoiesis will prove valuable to the development of targeted therapies and strategies for improved treatment of hematopoietic disorders.

关键词： TLR MyD88 hematopoiesis bone marrow failure leukemia myelodysplastic syndrome

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Modeling some long-term implications of CO_2 fertilization for global forests and forest industries

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 13-25页

作者： joseph buongiorno Department of Forest and wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison

background： This paper explored the long-term, ceteris-paribus effects of potential CO2 fertilization on the global forest sector. based on the findings of Norby et al. （PNAS 2005, 102（50）） about forest response to elevated [CO2]. Methods： Forest productivity was increased in the Global Forest Products Model （GFPM） in proportion to the rising [CO2] projected in the IPCC scenario A1b, A2, and 132. Projections of the forest area and forest stock and of the production, consumption, prices, and trade of products ranging from fuelwood to paper and paperboard were obtained with the GFPM for each scenario, with and without CO2 fertilization beginning in 2011 and up to 2065. Results： CO2 fertilization increased wood supply, leading to lower wood prices which in turn induced modest lower prices of end products and higher global consumption. However, production and value added in industries decreased in some regions due to the relative competitive advantages and to the varying regional effects of CO2 fertilization. Conclusion： The main effect of CO2 fertilization was to raise the level of the world forest stock in 2065 by 9 to 10 % for scenarios A2 and b2 and by 20 % for scenario A1b. The rise in forest stock induced by fertilization was in part counteracted by its stimulation of the wood supply which resulted in lower wood prices and increased harvests.

关键词： CO2 fertilization Climate change Prices Supply Demand International trade

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Accelerated neutral atom beam(ANAb)and gas clustered ion beam(GCIb)treatment of implantable device polymers leads to decreased bacterial attachment in vitro and decreased inflammation in vivo

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再生工程(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 257-264页

作者： joseph Khoury Ti Zhang David b.Earle M.Laird Forrest Exogenesis Corporation BillericaMA 01821USA Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of PharmacyThe University of KansasLawrenceKS 66047USA Surgical Services Tufts UniversityLowell General HospitalLowellMA 01854USA

Infections at the placement site of biomaterial-based devices and subsequent scar formation results in morbidity,which may require revision *** intended for permanent implantation in the body need to be biologically inert to avoid excessive foreign body response and to reduce bacterial *** this study,we show that polymeric materials commonly used in medical devices,including polyetheretherketone(PEEK)and polypropylene,treated by gas cluster ion beam(GCIb)or by accelerated neutral atom beam(ANAb)result in a nanoscale-modified surface topography that changes the ability of extracellular proteins to *** leads to decreased bacterial attachment and an attenuated inflammatory response using both in vitro and in vivo *** adsorption of extracellular proteins to the polymeric surface improved the competitive attachment of osteoblasts over bacteria,without resorting to growth factor of antibiotic use.

关键词： biofilm formation Surgical mesh biomaterial surface biomedical device Inflammation

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Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Medical, Surgical, and Endoscopic weight Loss

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第3期3卷 230-238页

作者： Violeta b.Popov joseph K.Lim Division of Gastroenterology New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA Yale Liver Center Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,including progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** comprises a spectrum of liver conditions,ranging from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammation (steatohepatitis) and progressive *** loss represents a first line therapeutic modality for the management of ***,we review the evidence base for medical,surgical,and endoscopic approaches to weight loss and their potential impact on the natural history of NAFLD.

关键词： Fatty liver Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis weight loss Exercise Pharmacotherapy Endoscopic therapy bariatric surgery

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Historical origins of current IbD concepts

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第2期7卷 175-184页

作者： joseph b.Kirsner The Louis block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of Chicago

INTRODUCTIONThe“nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases ,ulcerative colitis and Crohn,s represent a group of heterogeneous inflammatory and ulcerative disases of the small and large intestines of unknown etiology ,associated with many gastrointestinal and systemic complications .Appearing initially as isolated cases in Great britain and northern Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries ,they have steadily increased numerically and geographically and today are recognized worldwide.

关键词： Colitis, Ulcerative Crohn Disease History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, 20th Century Humans

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Audits of Death in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents Followed up in the Pediatric Department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of borgou/Alibori from 2005 to 2020

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 285-296页

作者： Alphonse Noudamadjo Mohamed Falilatou Agbeille Dénagan Kévin Amoussou Médétinmè Gérard Kpanidja Lahanatou Séidou Chantal Chabi Réckya Kilaya Julien Didier Adédémy Agossou joseph Mother and Child Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Pediatric Department Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori Parakou Benin

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality among children. The objective of this work was to audit the deaths of children and adolescents with HIV infection followed up in the pediatric department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of borgou/Alibori (CHUDb/A) the from 2005 to 2020. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the pediatric department of CHUD/b-A in Parakou. All children with HIV infection who died from January 1, 2005 to August 31, 2020 were included. Data collection was carried out in three stages: a phase of medical records processing, a phase of community survey and a phase of death audits. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary. Results: Over the study period, the data of 464 infected children were recorded, including 92 deaths, representing a case fatality rate of 19.83%. Severe acute malnutrition (69.23%), gastro-intestinal tract infections (43.58%) and serious opportunistic pulmonary infections (24.36% pulmonary tuberculosis and 19.23% pneumocystis) were the main causes of death. The main dysfunctions found were: the delayed diagnosis of HIV infection (79.35%), the absence or delay in consultation when the child’s clinical condition deteriorates (32.61% and 47.83%), delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment (42.39%) and non-adherence to treatment (38.04%). Non-adherence to treatment was predominant in adolescents (90.49%). Conclusion: Specific interventions for early detection, adequate nutritional care, psychosocial support for adolescents and mothers of children are necessary to reduce mortality due to HIV among children and adolescents.

关键词： HIV Death Children Adolescents Dysfunctions benin

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Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and acetone inhibition

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第3期2卷 326-332页

作者： Yiliang HE bin ZHAO joseph b.HUGHES Sung Soo HAN School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

The performances and kinetic parameters of Fenton oxidation of 2,4-and 2,6-dinitrotoluene(DNT)in water-acetone mixtures and explosive contaminated soil washing-out solutions were investigated at a laboratory *** experimental results show that acetone can be a significant hydroxyl radical scavenger and result in serious inhibition of Fenton oxidation of 2,4-and 2,*** no serious inhibition was found in contaminated soil washing-out solutions,longer reaction time was needed to remove 2,4-and 2,6-DNT completely,mainly due to the competition of hydroxyl *** oxidation of 2,4-and 2,6-DNT fit well with the first-order kinetics and the presence of acetone also reduced DNT’s degradation *** on the comparison and matching of retention time and ultraviolet(UV)spectra between high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and standards,the following reaction pathway for 2,4-DNT primary degradation was proposed:2,4-DNT→2,4-dinitro-benzaldehyde→2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid→1,3-dinitrobenzene→3-nitrophenol.

关键词： dinitrotoluenes Fenton oxidation acetone inhibition degradation kinetic reaction pathway

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Nonlinearly Coupled KdV Equations Describing the Interaction of Equatorial and Midlatitude Rossby waves

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series b 2009年第5期30卷 483-504页

作者： joseph A. bIELLO Department of Mathematics University of California at Davis

Amplitude equations governing the nonlinear resonant interaction of equatorial baroclinic and barotropic Rossby waves were derived by Majda and biello and used as a model for long range interactions （teleconnections） between the tropical and midlatitude troposphere. An overview of that derivation is nonlinear wave theory, but not in atmospheric presented and geared to readers versed in sciences. In the course of the derivation, two other sets of asymptotic equations are presented： the long equatorial wave equations and the weakly nonlinear, long equatorial wave equations. A linear transformation recasts the amplitude equations as nonlinear and linearly coupled KdV equations governing the amplitude of two types of modes, each of which consists of a coupled tropical/midlatitude flow. In the limit of Rossby waves with equal dispersion, the transformed amplitude equations become two KdV equations coupled only through nonlinear fluxes. Four numerical integrations are presented which show （i） the interaction of two solitons, one from either mode, （ii） and （iii） the interaction of a soliton in the presence of different mean wind shears, and （iv） the interaction of two solitons mediated by the presence of a mean wind shear.

关键词： Coupled KdV equations Equatorial Rossby waves Solitary waves Atmospheric teleconnections

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