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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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world Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana liam w.gallagher.joseph b.gar. David A.Gudis Paule V.joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan b.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:we grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

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Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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world Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert Lam joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis b virus(HbV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis b surface antigen(HbsAg)loss and suppression of HbV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HbsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

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The Impacts and Causes of Land Fragmentation on Farm Productivity: Case Review of East African Countries

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 455-482页

作者： joseph Mayindo Mayele Jacob b. Kolleh Joel Emmanuel Saburi Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Forestry and wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Socio-Economic and Applied Statistics Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) Suakoko Liberia

This report provides an overall assessment of land fragmentation problems in East Africa. Many parts of East Africa have become highly fragmented, putting development systems and activities in these areas at risk of complete collapse. Land fragmentation occurs when land gets converted for agriculture, industrialization, or urbanization, invaded by non-local plants, or enclosed for individual use and by subdividing farmlands into subsequent smaller units called parcels with varying average farm sizes. Fragmentation results from inappropriate agricultural development processes and ineffective land use planning that fails to recognize how farmland is used, and the importance of its interconnected areas. Insecurity of tenure and resource rights are key factors in making this possible. Land fragmentation is one of the key reasons why the ability of most resources in East Africa becomes scarcer, and those remaining become “privatized” by more powerful community members—keen to maintain their access to them. Such individualistic attitudes are new and disadvantage the poorest even further by affecting the traditional customary safety nets and agricultural outputs. Neither the government nor customary governance systems effectively protect resource access for the poorest. This review summary report identifies the key causes, measures, and implications, government interventions, and the common remedies to land fragmentation problems in the East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania including neighboring Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The findings indicated from 2005 to 2015, the population kept increasing for all the named countries in East Africa with Rwanda and Uganda having a substantial increase in population density. The study review further explores the trend in the performance of agriculture by average farm sizes within the intervals of five years by highlighting their strong linkages and found that the average farm size has declined drastically, especiall

关键词： Land Fragmentation Land Consolidation Farm Productivity Industrialization Impacts Causes Average Farm Size Population East Africa

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Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 joseph Roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

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Cardiac differentiation is modulated by anti-apoptotic signals in murine embryonic stem cells

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world Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 551-559页

作者： Amani Yehya joseph Azar Mohamad Al-Fares Helene boeuf wassim Abou-Kheir Dana Zeineddine Ola Hadadeh Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiological SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Inserm BiotisU1026University BordeauxBordeaux F-33000France Rammal Rammal Lab Physio-Toxicity Environmental TeamFaculty of SciencesLebanese UniversityNabatieh 0000Lebanon

bACKGROUND Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)serve as a crucial ex vivo model,representing epiblast cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage *** exhibit a unique combination of self-renewal potency,unlimited proliferation,and *** latter is evident by the ability of the isolated cells to differ-entiate spontaneously into multiple cell lineages,representing the three primary embryonic germ *** regulatory networks guide ESCs,directing their self-renewal and lineage-specific ***,or programmed cell death,emerges as a key event involved in sculpting and forming various organs and structures ensuring proper embryonic ***-ever,the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between diffe-rentiation and apoptosis remain poorly *** To investigate the regulatory impact of apoptosis on the early differentiation of ESCs into cardiac cells,using mouse ESC(mESC)models-mESC-b-cell lym-phoma 2(bCL-2),mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-metallothionein-1(MET-1)-which overexpress the anti-apoptotic genes bcl-2,Pim-2,and Met-1,*** mESC-T2(wild-type),mESC-bCL-2,mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-MET-1 have been used to assess the effect of potentiated apoptotic signals on cardiac *** hanging drop method was adopted to generate embryoid bodies(Ebs)and induce terminal differentiation of *** size of the generated Ebs was measured in each condition compared to the wild *** the functional level,the percentage of cardiac differentiation was measured by calculating the number of beating cardiomyocytes in the manipulated mESCs compared to the *** the molecular level,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers:Troponin T,GATA4,and ***,troponin T protein expression was evaluated through immunofluorescence and western blot *** Our findings showed that the upregulation of bcl-

关键词： Mouse embryonic stem cells Self-renewal Apoptosis Cardiac differentiation b-cell lymphoma 2 PIM-2 Metallothionein-1

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Global geoepidemiology of gastrointestinal surgery rates in Crohn’s disease

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1835-1844页

作者： Simcha weissman Muhammad Aziz Ayrton bangolo Vignesh K Nagesh Htat Aung Midhun Mathew Lino garcia Shiva A Chandar Praveena Karamthoti Harinder bawa Aseel Alshimari Yabets Kejela Nazish Mehdi Chrishanti A joseph Athri Kodali Rohan Kumar Priya Goyal Sanya Satheesha Fnu Nivedita Nicole Tesoro Tanni Sethi Gurpreet Singh Areej belal Alina Intisar Hirra Khalid Samuel Cornwell Suchith b Suresh Kareem Ahmed Karabo K Marole Om P Anand Rahat b Reshi Tej I Mehta Sameh Elias joseph D Feuerstein Department of Medicine Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

bACKGROUND Data regarding the worldwide gastrointestinal surgery rates in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)remains *** To systematically review the global variation in the rates of surgery in *** A comprehensive search analysis was performed using multiple electronic databases from inception through July 1,2020,to identify all full text,randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to gastrointestinal surgery rates in adult patients with *** included continent based demographic data,CD surgery rates over time,as well as the geoepidemiologic variation in CD surgery *** analyses were conducted using *** Twenty-three studies spanning four continents were *** median proportion of persons with CD who underwent gastrointestinal surgery in studies from North America,Europe,Asia,and Oceania were 30%(range:1.7%-62.0%),40%(range:0.6%-74.0%),17%(range:16.0%-43.0%),and 38%*** clear association was found regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time in North America(R^(2)=0.035)and Europe(R^(2)=0.100).A moderate,negative association was seen regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time(R^(2)=0.520)in *** There appears to be significant inter-continental variation regarding surgery rates in *** evidencebased guidelines accounting for the geographic differences in managing patients with CD is ***,as a paucity of data on surgery rates in CD exists outside the North American and European continents,future studies,particularly in less studied locales,are warranted.

关键词： Gastrointestinal surgery Crohn’s disease Geoepidemiology Inflammatory bowel disease Prevalence

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2024 wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities:An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： Scott A.Conger Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.willis Tom E.Nightingale joseph R.Sherman barbara E.Ainsworth Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 wheelchair *** wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May *** added these data to the 2011 wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through ***:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.

关键词： Disability Exercise MET Mobility

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A novel predictor of unsustained return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients through a combination of capnography and pulse oximetry: a multicenter observational study

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world Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 16-22页

作者： Jing Yang Hanqi Tang Shihuan Shao Feng Xu Yangyang Fu Shengyong Xu Chen Li Yan Li Yang Liu joseph Harold walline Huadong Zhu Yuguo Chen Xuezhong Yu Jun Xu Emergency Department State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Emergency Department Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care MedicineKey Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong ProvinceQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China Emergency Department Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijing 100035China Emergency Department Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China Department of Emergency Medicine Penn State Health Milton S.Hershey Medical Center and Penn State College of MedicineHershey 17033USA

bACKGROUND:Unsustained return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)is a critical barrier to survival in cardiac arrest *** study examined whether end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO_(2))and pulse oximetry photoplethysmogram(POP)parameters can be used to identify unsustained ***:we conducted a multicenter observational prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with cardiac arrest from 2013 to ***’general information,ETCO_(2),and POP parameters were collected and statistically ***:The included 105 ROSC episodes(from 80 cardiac arrest patients)comprised 51 sustained ROSC episodes and 54 unsustained ROSC *** 24-hour survival rate was significantly higher in the sustained ROSC group than in the unsustained ROSC group(29.2%vs.9.4%,Pwed that the difference between after and before ROSC in ETCO_(2)(ΔETCO_(2))and the difference between after and before ROCS in area under the curve of POP(ΔAUCp)were independently associated with sustained ROSC(odds ratio[OR]=0.931,95%confi dence interval[95%CI]0.881-0.984,P=0.011 and OR=0.998,95%CI 0.997-0.999,Pbination of both to predict unsustained ROSC were 0.752(95%CI 0.660-0.844),0.883(95%CI 0.818-0.948),and 0.902(95%CI 0.842-0.962),***:Patients with unsustained ROSC have a poor *** combination ofΔETCO_(2) andΔAUCp showed signifi cant predictive value for unsustained ROSC.

关键词： Return of spontaneous circulation Pulse oximetry photoplethysmogram End-tidal carbon dioxide Cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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2023年美国麻醉医师学会神经肌肉阻滞监测与拮抗实践指南:美国麻醉医师学会工作组关于神经肌肉阻滞的报告

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 518-542页

作者： Stephan R.Thilen wade A.weigel Michael M.Todd Richard P.Dutton Cynthia A.Lien Stuart A.Grant joseph w.Szokol Lars I.Eriksson Myron Yaster Mark D.Grant Madhulika Agarkar Anne M.Marbella Jaime F.blanck Karen b.Domino 西雅图华盛顿州明尼阿波里斯明尼苏达州达拉斯得克萨斯州密尔沃基威斯康星州教堂山北卡罗来纳州洛杉矶加利福尼亚州斯德哥尔摩瑞典丹佛科罗拉多州绍姆堡伊利诺斯州巴尔的摩马里兰州

本实践指南基于证据提供了全身麻醉期间及术后神经肌肉功能监测与阻滞拮抗的管理推荐。主要关注神经肌肉功能监测的类型与部位及阻滞拮抗的过程,以减少肌肉松弛药残留阻滞。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞肌肉松弛药神经肌肉功能监测舒更葡糖钠新斯的明

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Improvement of Mechanical Qualities of Clay Material through Coconut Fiber Stabilization

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第7期15卷 201-212页

作者： boukaré Ouedraogo Abdoulaye Compaore Moumouni Derra Kalifa Palm Dieudonné joseph bahiebo Laboratoire dEnergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Chimie Analytique de Physique Spatiale et Energtique Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institute de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Matriaux et Environnement (LAME) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The criticisms regularly formulated towards clay or soil, in general, are its weak mechanical qualities and low water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to find techniques to improve the properties of this material, which is widely used worldwide. Here, we propose stabilizing clay with coconut fiber as a solution to enhance its mechanical properties. To do this, we used an experimental method, first determining the geotechnical properties of the clay and then its mechanical properties. The geotechnical study using the Proctor Test revealed that the dry density of the clay is γb = 1.42 g/cm3, and its water content is w = 22.3%. by applying the rolling method, the Atterberg limits were determined: liquid limit wl = 63.6, plastic limit wp = 27.9, plasticity index Ip = 35.7, and consistency index Ic = 1.46. with 25 P = 35.7 1.3, according to the water classification, it falls into class A3ts. The mechanical part focused on compression and flexural strengths obtained using a PROETI hydraulic press. we obtained a flexural strength of 0.63 MPa for simple clay (bA);0.89 MPa for clay + 0.25% fiber (bAF1/4);1.68 MPa for clay + 0.5% fiber (bAF1/2);1.87 MPa for clay + 0.75% fiber (bAF3/4);and 3.91 MPa for clay + 1% fiber (bAF1). As for the compression strength, bA = 5.90 MPa, bAF1/4 = 6.395 MPa, bAF1/2 = 6.292 MPa, bAF3/4 = 6.065 MPa, and bAF1 = 5.423 MPa. The addition of fiber has thus improved the mechanical qualities of the simple clay. These stabilized bricks can be used for sustainable and bioclimatic construction, providing higher durability and good comfort.

关键词： Compression Strength Flexural Strength Coconut Fiber Clay Geotechnical Properties

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