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the demands of the extra-time period of soccer:A systematic review

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 403-414页

作者： Adam Field Robert Joseph Naughton Matthew Haines steve Lui liam David Corr Mark Russell Richard Michael page liam David Harper School of Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldHD13DHUK School of Social and Health Sciences Leeds Trinity UniversityBrownberrie LaneHorsforthLeedsLS185HDUK Department of Sport&physical Activity Edge Hill UniversitySt.Helens RoadOrmskirkLancashireL394QPUK

Background:Soccer match-play is typically contested over 90 min;however,in some cup and tournament scenarios,when matches are tied,they proceed to an additional 30 min,which is termed "extra-time^(Et).this systematic review sought to appraise the literature available on 120-min of soccer-specific exercise,with a view to identifying practical recommendations and future research opportunities.Methods:the review was conducted according to the pRISMA guidelines.Independent researchers performed a systematic search of pubMed,CINAHL,and psycINFO in May 2019,with the following keywords entered in various combinations:"soccer","football","extra-time","extra time","extratime","120 minutes","120 min","additional 30 minutes",and "additional 30 min".Results:the search yielded an initial 73 articles.Following the screening process,11 articles were accepted for analyses.Articles were subsequently organized into the following 5 categories:movement demands of Et,performance responses to Et,physiological and neuromuscular response during Et,nutritional interventions,and recovery and Et.the results highlighted that during competitive match-play,players cover5%-12% less distance relative to match duration(i.e.,meters per minute) during Et compared to the preceding 90 min.Reductions in technical performance(i.e.,shot speed,number of passes and dribbles) were also observed during Et.Additionally,carbohydrate provision may attenuate and improve dribbling performance during Et.Moreover,objective and subjective measures of recovery may be further compromised following Et when compared to 90 min.Conclusion:Additional investigations are warranted to further substantiate these findings and identify interventions to improve performance during Et.

关键词： Movement demands Neuromuscular fatigue Nutritional intervention performance physiology

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Oesophageal cancer metastases:An observational study of a more aggressive approach

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第9期14卷 997-1007页

作者： Lianne pickett Mary Dunne Orla Monaghan liam Grogan Oscar Breathnach thomas N Walsh Department of Surgery Connolly HospitalBlanchardstownDublin D15 X40DIreland Clinical trials Resource Unit St Luke's Radiation Oncology NetworkDublin D06 HH36Ireland Department of Radiation Oncology St Luke's Radiation Oncology NetworkDublin D06 HH36Ireland Department of Medical Oncology Beaumont HospitalDublin D09 V2N0Ireland Department of Surgery RCSI BahrainAdliya 15503Bahrain

BACKGROUND the prognosis for oesophageal carcinoma is poor,but once distant metastases emerge the prognosis is considered hopeless.there is no consistent protocol for the early identification and aggressive management of metastases.AIM to examine the outcome of a policy of active postoperative surveillance with aggressive treatment of confirmed metastases.MEtHODS A prospectively maintained database of 205 patients diagnosed with oesophageal carcinoma between 1998 and 2019 and treated with curative intent was interrogated for patients with metastases,either at diagnosis or on follow-up surveillance and treated for cure.this cohort was compared with incomplete clinical responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRt)who subsequently underwent surgery on their primary tumour.Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the log-rank test was used to compare survival differences between groups.RESULtS Of 205 patients,11(5.4%)had metastases treated for cure(82%male;median age 60 years;9 adenocarcinoma and 2 squamous cell carcinomas).All had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy,followed by surgery in all but 1 case.Of the 11 patients,4 had metastatic disease at diagnosis,of whom 3 were successfully downstaged with nCRt before definitive surgery;2 of these 4 also developed oligometastatic recurrence and were treated with curative intent.Following definitive treatment,7 had treatment for metachronous oligometastatic disease;5 of whom underwent metastasectomy(adrenal×2;lung×2;liver×1).the median overall survival was 10.9 years[95%confidence interval(CI):0.7-21.0 years],which was statistically significantly longer than incomplete clinical responders undergoing surgery on the primary tumour without metastatic intervention[n=62;median overall survival=1.9(95%CI:1.1-2.7;p=0.012].the cumulative proportion surviving 1,3,and 5 years was 100%,91%,and 61%,respectively compared to 71%,36%,and 25%for incomplete clinical responders undergoing surgery on the primary tumour who did not undergo tre

关键词： Oesophageal metastases Oligometastases Active surveillance treatment for cure Metastasectomy Survival

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Harnessing the HDAC–histone deacetylase enzymes,inhibitors and how these can be utilised in tissue engineering

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International Journal of Oral Science 2019年第2期11卷 79-89页

作者： liam Lawlor Xuebin B. Yang Department of Oral Biology University of LeedsWellcome Trust Brenner BuildingSt. James’s University HospitalLeeds LS9 7TFUK Doctoral training Centre in tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Medical and Biological EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK

there are large knowledge gaps regarding how to control stem cells growth and differentiation.the limitations of currently available technologies,such as growth factors and/or gene therapies has led to the search of alternatives.We explore here how a cell’s epigenome influences determination of cell type,and potential applications in tissue engineering.A prevalent epigenetic modification is the acetylation of DNA core histone proteins.Acetylation levels heavily influence gene transcription.Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes can remove these acetyl groups,leading to the formation of a condensed and more transcriptionally silenced chromatin.Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can inhibit these enzymes,resulting in the increased acetylation of histones,thereby affecting gene expression.there is strong evidence to suggest that HDACis can be utilised in stem cell therapies and tissue engineering,potentially providing novel tools to control stem cell fate.this review introduces the structure/function of HDAC enzymes and their links to different tissue types (specifically bone,cardiac,neural tissues),including the history,current status and future perspectives of using HDACis for stem cell research and tissue engineering,with particular attention paid to how different HDAC isoforms may be integral to this field.

关键词： HDAC can be cells gene has led DNA

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Development of a multiprimer metabarcoding approach to understanding trophic interactions in agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1195-1210页

作者： Ivan Batuecas Oscar Alomar Cristina Castañe Josep piñol stéphane Boyer Lorena Gallardo-Montoya Nuria Agustí IRtA Sustainable Plant ProtectionCabrilsBarcelonaSpain Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte(IRBI) Tours UniversityToursFrance

to understand trophic interactions and the precise ecological role of each predatory species,it is important to know which arthropod and plant resources are used by generalist predators in agroecosystems.Molecular approaches,such as the use of high-throughput sequencing(HtS),play a key role in identifying these resources.this study develops a multiprimer metabarcoding approach for screening the most common trophic interactions of two predatory arthropods with contrasting morphologies,Rhagonycha fulva(Coleoptera:Cantharidae)and Anthocoris nemoralis(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)collected from a peach crop.to reduce the time and cost of this metabarcoding approach,we first evaluated the effect of using two different predator-pools of different size(10 and 23 individuals of the same species).We also used our system to analyze the performance of one and two primer pairs in the same library.Our results show that the analysis of 23 individuals together with the use of two primer pairs in the same library optimize the HtS analysis.Using these best-performing conditions,we then analyzed the entire bodies of field-collected predators as well as the washing solutions used to clean the insect bodies.We were able to identify both gut content(i.e.,diet)and external pollen load(i.e.,on the insects’bodies).this study also demonstrates the importance of washing predatory insects’bodies prior to HtS analysis when the target species have a considerable size(>10 mm)and hairy structures.this metabarcoding approach has significant potential for the study of trophic links in agriculture,revealing expected and unexpected trophic relationships.

关键词： high-throug hput sequencing metabarcoding molecular diet analysis multiprimer approach predatory arthropods trophic interactions

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Wavelength stability in a hybrid photonic crystal laser through controlled nonlinear absorptive heating in the reflector

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 654-660页

作者： Andrei p.Bakoz Alexandros A.Liles Alfredo A.Gonzalez-Fernandez tatiana Habruseva Changyu Hu Evgeny A.Viktorov stephen p.Hegarty liam O’Faolain Centre for Advanced photonics and process Analysis&Department of physical Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCork T12P928Ireland tyndall national Institute University College CorkLee MaltingsDyke ParadeCork T12R5CPIreland School of physics&Astronomy University of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt Andrews KY169SSUK national Research University of Information technologies Mechanics and OpticsSaint Petersburg 199034Russia IMEC Department of Information Technology(INTEC)Photonics Research GroupGhent UniversityTechnologiepark-Zwijnaarde 159052 GhentBelgium national Institute of Astrophysics Optics and Electronics72840 TonantzintlaMexico

the need for miniaturized,fully integrated semiconductor lasers has stimulated significant research efforts into realizing unconventional configurations that can meet the performance requirements of a large spectrum of applications,ranging from communication systems to sensing.We demonstrate a hybrid,silicon photonicscompatible photonic crystal(phC)laser architecture that can be used to implement cost-effective,high-capacity light sources,with high side-mode suppression ratio and milliwatt output output powers.the emitted wavelength is set and controlled by a silicon phC cavity-based reflective filter with the gain provided by a Ⅲ–Ⅴ-based reflective semiconductor optical amplifier(RSOA).the high power density in the laser cavity results in a significant enhancement of the nonlinear absorption in silicon in the high Q-factor phC resonator.the heat generated in this manner creates a tuning effect in the wavelength-selective element,which can be used to offset external temperature fluctuations without the use of active cooling.Our approach is fully compatible with existing fabrication and integration technologies,providing a practical route to integrated lasing in wavelength-sensitive schemes.

关键词： amplifier tuning nonlinear

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Broad spectrum antibiotic-degrading metallo-β-lactamases are phylogenetically diverse

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protein & Cell 2020年第8期11卷 613-617页

作者： Marcelo Monteiro pedroso David W.Waite Okke Melse liam Wilson natasa Mitic Ross p.McGeary Iris Antes Luke W.Guddat philip Hugenholtz Gerhard Schenk School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLDBrisbane 4072Australia Australian Centre for Ecogenomics The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLDBrisbane 4072Australia Center for Integrated protein Science Munich at the tUM School of Life Sciences Technische Universit(a)t München85354 FreisingGermany Department of Chemistry Maynooth UniversityMaynoothCo.KildareIreland

Dear Editor, Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major threat to global health;multi-drug resistant bacteria already kill more patients in the United states each year than HIV/AIDS, parkinson's disease, emphysema and homicide combined (Laxminarayan et al., 2013).Among the most effective bacterial resistance mechanisms are β-lactamases, a family of enzymes that are divided into four distinct classes.Classes A, C and D (serine-β-lactamases, SBLs) use a catalytic site serine residue to initiate inactivation of the antibiotic, while Class B (metallo-β-lactamases, MBLs) relies on a Zn2+-activated hydroxide (Walsh et al., 2005;Bush and Jacoby,2010;Mitic et al., 2014;Lisa et al., 2017).Clinically relevant inhibitors of Class C and D SBLs are available and in use (e.g., clavulanic acid (CA), Drawz et al., 2010), but for MBLs the search for such inhibitors has remained challenging (McGeary et al., 2017).

关键词： hydroxide metallo spectrum

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Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1585-1594页

作者： Lesley A Anderson RG peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian t Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John V Reynolds liam J Murray Centre for Clinical and population Sciences Queen's UniversityBelfastNorthern Ireland Royal Group of Hospitals BelfastNorthern Ireland national Cancer Registry CorkIreland st.James's Hospital DublinIreland

AIM:to investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.MEtHODS:this all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls.All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors.RESULtS:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus.Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

关键词：巴雷特氏食管食管腺癌风险因子 FINBAR研究抽烟癌前病变

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Maturity-associated considerations for training load,injury risk,and physical performance in youth soccer:One size does not fit all

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 403-412页

作者： Chris towlson Jamie Salter Jack D.Ade Kevin Enright liam D.Harper Richard M.page James J.Malone Department of Sport Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK School of Sport York St John UniversityYork YO317EXUK Liverpool FC Academy Liverpool Football ClubLiverpool L337EDUK Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences L3Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AUK Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUK Department of Sport and physical Activity Edge Hill UniversityOrmskirk L394QPUK School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope UniversityLiverpool L169JDUK

Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature state.the estimation of age of peak height velocity(pHV)or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment(%EASA)is typically used to inform the training process in young athletes.In youth soccer,maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals,particularly around pHV.During this time,players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related injury.As a result,the implementation of training interventions can be challenging.the purpose of this review was to(1)highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and(2)discuss the implications of manipulating training load around pHV on physical development and injury risk.We have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status(Supplementary Maturity Estimation tools).Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process,practitioners should be aware of its limitations.to increase the accuracy and usefulness of data,it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.

关键词： Growth Injury Maturation Soccer training

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thermo-optically induced transparency on a photonic chip

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2482-2491页

作者： Marco Clementi Simone Iadanza Sebastian A.Schulz Giulia Urbinati Dario Gerace liam O’Faloain Matteo Galli Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi PaviaVia A.Bassi 627100 PaviaItaly Centre for Advanced photonics and process Analysis Munster Technological UniversityRossa Ave BishopstownCorkT12 P928Ireland tyndall national Institute Lee Maltings Complex Dyke ParadeCorkT12 R5CPIreland SUpA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St.AndrewsFifeKY169SSUK present address:École polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Photonic Systems Laboratory(PHOSL)STI-IELStation 11Lausanne1015Switzerland

Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications,from all-optical modulators to optical storage devices.In particular,electromagnetically induced transparency(EIt)is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line,which,in turn,allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index dispersion.Here we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room temperature.the effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity,and it reproduces many of the key features of EIt while being independent of either atomic or mechanical resonances.Such thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIt-analogs in an integrated photonic platform,at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest,room temperature and in a practical,low cost,and scalable system.

关键词： temperature transparency oscillating

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含碳添加剂浓度与黏土砂工艺排放--用苛化褐煤代替煤粉有可能减少铸造企业排放

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铸造工程 2020年第3期44卷 70-72页

作者： liam Miller Ray Vakili Jason st.Onge Zhen Wang 李蒙蒙(翻译) 不详中国铸造协会

铸造行业由于工艺的需要,在黏土砂造型中添加了破碎磨细的烟煤,也就是煤粉,或其他富含碳的添加剂,但是在生产过程中会排放气体。由于型砂中含碳添加剂的热解作用,其在铸造过程中会生成并释放出有害的大气污染物(HAps)和挥发性有机化合物... 详细信息

铸造行业由于工艺的需要,在黏土砂造型中添加了破碎磨细的烟煤,也就是煤粉,或其他富含碳的添加剂,但是在生产过程中会排放气体。由于型砂中含碳添加剂的热解作用,其在铸造过程中会生成并释放出有害的大气污染物(HAps)和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。

关键词：黏土砂铸造过程铸造企业铸造行业排放气体热解作用大气污染物型砂

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