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Injury and illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn Michael Drew Gordon Waddington Julien D.Périard Naroa Etxebarria liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:Determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and experience levels)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** electronic databases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,MEDLINE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and SPORTDiscus)were *** of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors independently completed data ***:The search yielded 7998 studies,with 42 studies eligible for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated illnesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),cardiovascular(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epidemiology Triathlon

Impacts of spatially inconsistent permafrost degradation on streamflow in the Lena River Basin

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3559-3570页

作者： XUE ZeHuan WANG YiChu ZHAO Yi LI DongDeng BORTHWICK Alistair George liam The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Fluxes in River Ecosystems Peking University School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh School of Engineering Computing and MathematicsUniversity of Plymouth

Although permafrost degradation contributes significantly to hydrological change in cold regions, gaps remain in our understanding of streamflow variation induced by degrading permafrost in different river basins. We therefore used a deep learning model to simulate the long-term(≥ 30 years) monthly streamflow at 60 hydrological stations along the Lena River, the third longest circum-Arctic river. Analyzing the effects of precipitation, temperature, and thaw depth on streamflow variation throughout the Lena River Basin, we identified two feedback patterns relating streamflow to warming permafrost, observed in areas of continuous and discontinuous permafrost. In northern plain regions with continuous permafrost, 94% of stations presented an increasing trend in annual streamflow from the 1900s to the 2010s due to permafrost degradation. The enhanced streamflow was mainly due to increased meltwater in the flood season. In southern regions covered by both continuous and discontinuous permafrost, approximately 38% of stations exhibited a declining trend in annual streamflow in response to permafrost degradation, with a high proportion(61%) located in mountain regions(elevation ≥ 500 m). The decline is attributed to the enhanced infiltration capacity of thawing frozen layers within discontinuous permafrost regions. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms behind permafrost degradation-induced streamflow variation and highlights the importance of formulating tailored strategies for sustainable river management in cold regions experiencing climate change.

关键词： permafrost degradation streamflow variation deep learning model climate change large cold basin

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Characterizing objective and self-report habitual physical activity and sedentary time in outpatients with an acquired brain injury

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 338-343页

作者： liam P.Pellerine Katerina Miller Ryan J.Frayne Myles W.O'Brien Division of Kinesiology School of Health and Human PerformanceFaculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Acquired Brain Injury NeuroCommons Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada School of Physiotherapy(Faculty of Health)&Department of Medicine(Faculty of Medicine) Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Geriatric Medicine Research Dalhousie University&Nova Scotia HealthHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Centre de Formation Medicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick New Brunswick&Department of MedicineUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

Outpatients with an acquired brain injury(ABI)experience physical,mental,and social *** can be classified into two subgroups based on mechanism of injury:mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI;e.g.,concussion)and other ABI(e.g.,stroke,brain aneurysm,encephalitis).Our understanding of habitual activity levels within ABI populations is limited because they are often collected using self-report *** purpose of this study was to,1)describe the habitual activity levels of outpatients with ABI using objective and self-report monitoring,and 2)compare the activity levels of outpatients with mTBI *** *** outpatients with other ABI(mean±standard deviation:[58±13]years,9 females)and 12 outpatients with mTBI([48±11]years,9 females)wore a thigh-worn activPAL 24 h/day(h/day)for *** with ABI averaged(6.0±2.3)h/day of upright time,(10.6±2.2)h/day of sedentary time,(5.6±2.7)h/day in prolonged sedentary bouts>1 h,(5960±3037)steps/day,and(11±13)minutes/day(min/day)of moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).There were no differences between activPAL-derived upright,sedentary,prolonged sedentary time,and physical activity between the mTBI and other ABI groups(all,p>0.31).Outpatients with ABI overestimated their MVPA levels(t138 min/week)and underestimated sedentary time(-4.3 h/day)compared to self-report(all,p<0.001).Despite self-reporting high activity levels,outpatients with ABI objectively exhibit highly inactive and sedentary *** habitual movement behaviours of our sample did not differ by mechanism of injury(i.e.,mTBI versus other ABI).Targeting reductions in objectively measured sedentary time are needed to progressively improve the habitual movement behaviours of outpatients with ABI.

关键词： Accelerometry Stroke Brain aneurysm Encephalitis Mild traumatic brain injury Rehabilitation

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美股变迁史:从石油巨头到七大科技巨头

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第5期 46-47页

作者： liam Denning 孟洁冰(译) 不详

1995年5月17日,星期三,对能源股来说是颇具历史意义的一天。能源股没有什么动向:就像油价一样——约为每桶20美元动向出现在其他地方:当天科技股在标准普尔500指数中所占的权重首次超过能源股。彭博新闻社(Bloomberg News)注意到,受芯... 详细信息

1995年5月17日,星期三,对能源股来说是颇具历史意义的一天。能源股没有什么动向:就像油价一样——约为每桶20美元动向出现在其他地方:当天科技股在标准普尔500指数中所占的权重首次超过能源股。彭博新闻社(Bloomberg News)注意到,受芯片设备制造商应用材料公司(Applied Materials Inc.)的盈利大幅超出预期的影响,纳斯达克指数上涨,道琼斯指数下跌。

关键词：彭博新闻社应用材料公司道琼斯指数变迁史标准普尔500指数纳斯达克指数石油巨头设备制造商

What triggers tauopathy in chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 985-986页

作者： liam Chen Neuropathology Division Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy（CTE）is a neuropathologically defined tauopathy：CTE is closely related with repetitive,traumatic brain *** a most recent study of 202 deceased players of American football from a brain donation program,CTE was neuropathologically diagnosed in 177 players across all levels of play （87%）, including 110 of 111 former National Football League players （99%）（Mez et al., 2017）.

关键词： TDP CTE What triggers tauopathy in chronic traumatic encephalopathy

ABC efflux transporters at blood-central nervous system barriers and their implications for treating spinal cord disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1235-1242页

作者： liam M. Koehn Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics the University of Melbourne

The barriers present in the interfaces between the blood and the central nervous system form a major hurdle for the pharmacological treatment of central nervous system injuries and *** family of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters has been widely studied regarding efflux of medications at blood-central nervous system *** efflux transporters include P-glycoprotein(abcb1),‘breast cancer resistance protein'(abcg2)and the various‘multidrug resistance-associated proteins'(abccs).Understanding which efflux transporters are present at the blood-spinal cord,blood-cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid-spinal cord barriers is necessary to determine their involvement in limiting drug transfer from blood to the spinal cord *** developments in the blood-brain barrier field have shown that barrier systems are dynamic and the profile of barrier defenses can alter due to conditions such as age,disease and environmental *** means that a true understanding of ABC efflux transporter expression and localization should not be one static value but instead a range that represents the complex patient subpopulations that *** the present review,the blood-central nervous system barrier literature is discussed with a focus on the impact of ABC efflux transporters on:(i)protecting the spinal cord from adverse effects of systemically directed drugs,and(ii)limiting centrally directed drugs from accessing their active sites within the spinal cord.

关键词： ABC transporters ATP-binding cassette BCRP blood-brain barrier blood-spinal cord barrier efflux MRP P-glycoprotein PGP spinal cord injury

The important functional role of TDP-43 plays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 682-683页

作者： liam Chen Neuropathology Division Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Tar DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43,encoded by the gene TARDBP)neuronal and glial inclusions have unified amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS,~97%of all cases),a fatal adult onset motor neuron disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons,and frontotemporal dementia(FTD),and sporadic FTD(~45%of all cases),a common form of dementia characterized by progressive deterioration in behavior,personality and/or language,into one disease *** the majority of ALS-FTD cases are sporadic,identification of mutations in the TARDBP gene that cause familial ALS,strongly supports the idea that TDP-43 participates in the pathogenesis of ALSFTD,not merely a secondary *** several other genes associated with familial ALS and FTD,including C9ORF72.

关键词： amyotrophic TDP unified

A Novel Fault Detection,Identification and Prediction Approach for Autonomous Vehicle Controllers Using SVM

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Automotive Innovation 2021年第3期4卷 301-314页

作者： liam Biddle Saber Fallah Connected Autonomous Vehicles Lab(CAV-Lab) Department of Mechanical Engineering SciencesUniversity of SurreySurrey GU27XHUK

Faults that develop in vehicle sensors have the potential to propagate unchecked throughout control systems if *** fault diagnosis and health monitoring algorithms will become necessary as automotive applications become more *** current fault diagnosis systems are not effective for complex systems such as autonomous cars where the case of simultaneous faults in different sensors is highly ***,this paper proposes a novel fault detection,isolation and identification architecture for multi-fault in multi-sensor systems with an efficient computational burden for real-time *** Vector Machine techniques are used to detect and identify faults in sensors for autonomous vehicle control *** addition,to identify degrading performance in a sensor and predict the time at which a fault will occur,a novel predictive algorithm is *** effectiveness and accuracy of the architecture in detecting and identifying multiple faults as well as the accuracy of the proposed predictive fault detection algorithm are verified through a MATLAB/IPG CarMaker co-simulation *** results present detection and identification accuracies of 94.94%and 97.01%,respectively,as well as a prediction accuracy of 75.35%.

关键词： Fault detection Fault identification Fault prediction Support Vector Machine

The Bisq decentralised exchange: on the privacy cost of participation

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 13-22页

作者： liam Hickey Martin Harrigan Institute of Technology CarlowR93 V960Ireland

The Bisq Trade Protocol and the Bisq DAO(decentralised autonomous organisation)are core components of Bisq,a decentralised cryptocurrency *** Bisq Trade Protocol systematises the peer-to-peer trading of Bitcoin for other currencies and the Bisq DAO decentralises the governance and finance functions of the entire ***,by following the Bisq Trade Protocol and interacting with the Bisq DAO,participants necessarily publish data to the Bitcoin blockchain and broadcast additional data to the Bisq peer-to-peer *** examine the privacy cost to participants in sharing this ***,we use novel address clustering heuristics to construct the one-to-many mappings from participants to addresses on the Bitcoin blockchain and augment the address clusters with data stored within the Bisq peer-to-peer *** describe address clustering heuristics for both the Bisq Trade Protocol and the Bisq *** show that the heuristics aggregate activity performed by each participant:trading,voting,transfers,*** identify instances where participants are operating under multiple aliases,some of which are real-world *** identify the dominant transactors and their role in a two-sided *** conclude with suggestions to better protect the privacy of participants in the future.

关键词： Decentralised exchange Blockchain analysis Decentralised governance Cryptocurrency Privacy