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石头是一种慢生命

中学生百科 2024年第8期 45-46页

作者： lili 不详

我曾和学生热烈地讨论过《天才在左,疯子在右》这本书中提到的“不同的生命存在形式”。比如蚂蚁是松散生命的一种存在形式,这种生命形式不由个体而是由整个蚁群构成,每只蚂蚁是一个细胞,蚁后则是大脑兼生殖系统。

关键词：生殖系统生命存在形式蚂蚁

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人类这个虚构者

中学生百科 2024年第2期 102-103页

作者： lili 不详

小说家纳博科夫认为,伟大的作家集三种身份于一身:讲故事的人、教育家和魔法师,尤其是魔法师。纳博科夫并不看好现实主义,认为这是一个伪名词。他崇拜纯艺术,称文学作品为神话故事,强调作品的虚构性。我理解他所说的“魔法师”,就是指... 详细信息

小说家纳博科夫认为,伟大的作家集三种身份于一身:讲故事的人、教育家和魔法师,尤其是魔法师。纳博科夫并不看好现实主义,认为这是一个伪名词。他崇拜纯艺术,称文学作品为神话故事,强调作品的虚构性。我理解他所说的“魔法师”,就是指具有一种虚构的想象的力量、能从生活碎片中编织出意义的力量的人。

关键词：魔法师神话故事纳博科夫虚构性文学作品纯艺术讲故事的人教育家

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永恒包孕一切时间

中学生百科 2024年第14期 48-49页

作者： lili 芋茶(图) 不详

参观博物馆,看到了一只陪葬的汉代玉蝉。蝉头大眼,身翼窄小成细长倒梯形,头部中央有孔,用来穿绳。玉蝉表面,琢磨得平整洁净,线条异常挺秀,刀法简练,粗扩有力。这只玉蝉,是葬玉中的口玲。古人以蝉的羽化喻人能重生,将玉蝉放于死者口中称... 详细信息

参观博物馆,看到了一只陪葬的汉代玉蝉。蝉头大眼,身翼窄小成细长倒梯形,头部中央有孔,用来穿绳。玉蝉表面,琢磨得平整洁净,线条异常挺秀,刀法简练,粗扩有力。这只玉蝉,是葬玉中的口玲。古人以蝉的羽化喻人能重生,将玉蝉放于死者口中称作含蝉,寓指精神不死,再生复活。玉蝉作为葬玉,也是借蝉的生理习性赋予死者特定的意义,即人死后,不食五谷,吸风饮露,超然于浊秽污垢之外。

关键词：玉蝉葬玉倒梯形生理习性博物馆吸风饮露

Multi-granularity sequence generation for hierarchical image classification

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 243-260页

作者： Xinda Liu lili Wang State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shengzhen 518000China

Hierarchical multi-granularity image classification is a challenging task that aims to tag each given image with multiple granularity labels simultaneously.Existing methods tend to overlook that different image regions contribute differently to label prediction at different granularities,and also insufficiently consider relationships between the hierarchical multi-granularity labels.We introduce a sequence-to-sequence mechanism to overcome these two problems and propose a multi-granularity sequence generation(MGSG)approach for the hierarchical multi-granularity image classification task.Specifically,we introduce a transformer architecture to encode the image into visual representation sequences.Next,we traverse the taxonomic tree and organize the multi-granularity labels into sequences,and vectorize them and add positional information.The proposed multi-granularity sequence generation method builds a decoder that takes visual representation sequences and semantic label embedding as inputs,and outputs the predicted multi-granularity label sequence.The decoder models dependencies and correlations between multi-granularity labels through a masked multi-head self-attention mechanism,and relates visual information to the semantic label information through a crossmodality attention mechanism.In this way,the proposed method preserves the relationships between labels at different granularity levels and takes into account the influence of different image regions on labels with different granularities.Evaluations on six public benchmarks qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.Our project is available at https://***/liuxindazz/mgs.

关键词： hierarchical multi-granularity classification vision and text transformer sequence generation fine-grained image recognition cross-modality attenti

Adaptation of Ocular Opponency Neurons Mediates Attention-Induced Ocular Dominance Plasticity

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第3期40卷 339-349页

作者： Fangxing Song lili Lyu Min Bao CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China

Previous research has shown that ocular dominance can be biased by prolonged attention to one eye.The ocular-opponency-neuron model of binocular rivalry has been proposed as a candidate account for this phenomenon.Yet direct neural evidence is still lacking.By manipulating the contrast of dichoptic testing gratings,here we measured the steady-state visually evoked potentials(SSVEPs)at the intermodulation frequencies to selectively track the activities of ocular-opponency-neurons before and after the“dichoptic-backward-movie”adaptation.One hour of adaptation caused a shift of perceptual and neural ocular dominance towards the unattended eye.More importantly,we found a decrease in the intermodulation SSVEP response after adaptation,which was significantly greater when high-contrast gratings were presented to the attended eye than when they were presented to the unattended eye.These results strongly support the view that the adaptation of ocular-opponency-neurons contributes to the ocular dominance plasticity induced by prolonged eye-based attention.

关键词： Attention Ocular dominance Opponency neuron Adaptation Steady-state visually evoked potential

A probabilistic model based on the peak-over-threshold approach for risk assessment of airport controllers’performance

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 110-118页

作者： lili Zu Yijie Lu Min Dong College of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China School of Engineering and Applied Science George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052USA College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China

Airport tower control plays an instrumental role in ensuring airport safety.However,obtaining objective,quantitative safety evaluations is challenging due to the unavailability of pertinent human operation data.This study introduces a probabilistic model that combines aircraft dynamics and the peak-over-threshold(POT)approach to assess the safety performance of airport controllers.We applied the POT approach to model reaction times extracted from a radiotelephony dataset via a voice event detection algorithm.The model couples the risks of tower control and aircraft operation to analyze the influence of human factors.Using data from radiotele-phony communications and the Base of Aircraft Data(BADA)database,we compared risk levels across scenarios.Our findings revealed heightened airport control risks under low demand(0.374)compared to typical conditions(0.197).Furthermore,the risks associated with coupling under low demand exceeded those under typical de-mand,with the final approach stage presenting the highest risk(4.929×107).Our model underscores the significance of human factors and the implications of mental disconnects between pilots and controllers for safety risks.Collectively,these consistent findings affirm the reliability of our probabilistic model as an evaluative tool for evaluating the safety performance of airport tower controllers.The results also illuminate the path toward quantitative real-time safety evaluations for airport controllers within the industry.We recommend that airport regulators focus on the performance of airport controllers,particularly during the final approach stage.

关键词： Safety evaluation Performance Probabilistic model Task demand Airport controller

Bionic Design and Experimental Validation of a Robotic Airship Inspired by the Physalia physalis

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 740-753页

作者： Yueneng Yang lili Chen Zhiyang Liu Shifeng Zhang College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyNo.109Deya RoadKaiFu DistrictChangsha410073China Aerospace Technology Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

The robotic airship is one of the most unique and promising green aircraft,however,as a“lighter-than-air aircraft”and“thermal aircraft”,its long-endurance flight has great difficulties in decreasing drag and controlling buoyancy and pressure under thermal effects.In this work,we reported a robotic airship inspired by the Physalia physalis,imitating its morphology,physiological structure,and biological behaviors.The hull is designed by imitating the morphology of the Physalia physalis,and the gasbags including a helium balloon,two ballonets,and a thermoregulation gasbag are designed by imitating the physiological structure and biological behaviors of the pneumatophore,bladder,and gland of the Physalia physalis,respectively.Experimental results show that the bionic airship has an increase of about 40%in lift-to-drag and decreases the pressure in helium balloon by 47.5%under thermal effects,and has better aerodynamic performances and thermoregulation performances than conventional airships.

关键词： Robotic airship Bionic design Aerodynamic performances Thermoregulation Physalia physalis

Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1718-1727页

作者： Miaoping Zhang Chunmei Liang Xiongjin Chen Yujie Cai lili Cui Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong ProvinceChina

Alzheimer s disease,among the most common neurodegenerative disorders,is chara cterized by progressive cognitive impairment.At present,the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic ris ks,but major environmental fa ctors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer’s disease development and progression.Microglia,the most important brain immune cells,play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle"sensors."Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles(e.g.,chronic stress,poor dietary habits,sleep,and circadian rhythm disorde rs)can cause neuroinflammato ry responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation.However,the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these facto rs and microglia in Alzheimer’s disease are unclear.Herein,we:discuss the biological effects of air pollution,chronic stress,gut micro biota,sleep patterns,physical exercise,cigarette smoking,and caffeine consumption on microglia;consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease;and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle.Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk fa ctors at an early Alzheimer’s disease stage,understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease development,and to rgeting strategies to to rget microglia,co uld be essential to future Alzheimer’s disease treatments.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease chronic stress environmental factor gut microbiota microglia particulate matter with diameter<2.5μm