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清代王命旗牌制度

古代文明（中英文） 2024年第2期18卷 121-131,M0006,M0007页

作者：余同怀柏桦安徽理工大学马克思主义学院安徽淮南232063 安徽理工大学人文社会科学学院安徽淮南232063

王命旗牌是一种权力的凭证,持有者有一定的便宜行事权。清代王命旗牌有固定的型制,由工部制作,钤盖印信,不但有严格的发放与管理制度,而且有相关的使用与核查制度。清初多授予带兵将领,以此为凭,可以在战区便宜处置,处死逃兵或叛将。随... 详细信息

王命旗牌是一种权力的凭证,持有者有一定的便宜行事权。清代王命旗牌有固定的型制,由工部制作,钤盖印信,不但有严格的发放与管理制度,而且有相关的使用与核查制度。清初多授予带兵将领,以此为凭,可以在战区便宜处置,处死逃兵或叛将。随着普遍授予督抚王命旗牌,这种凭证被广泛地应用于地方政务,特别是在司法方面增加相关的条例,恭请王命正法成为特殊司法程序。在死刑审判中可以不通过中央层级的审核,先行将人犯正法,有请旨即行正法、一面请旨一面正法、请王命正法、先行正法、立毙于杖、就地正法之分。鸦片战争以后,在内忧外患的情况下,清王朝出台《就地正法章程》,王命旗牌应用更加广泛。由于死刑审判权的下放,不仅督抚掌握了生杀大权,就连地方官及团练、土豪劣绅都可以操人生死。

关键词：王命旗牌恭请王命就地正法便宜权

Wearable strain sensing textile based on one-dimensional stretchable and weavable yarn sensors

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Nano Research 2018年第11期11卷 5799-5811页

作者： Xiaoting li Haibo Hu Tao hua Bingang Xu Shouxiang Jiang Nanotechnology Center Institute of Textiles & Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Horn Kowloon Hong Kong999077 China

Flexible, wearable, and even stretchable sensors are the key components of smart electronic textiles. However, most reported flexible and wearable sensors for wearable electronics are usually fabricated in two-dimensional (2D) planar strip configurations, which cannot be properly integrated into textile structures and thus greatly degrade intrinsic properties such as the softness, flexibility, and air permeability of textiles and the aesthetic feeling of clothing. In this work, a new one-dimensional weavable strain sensing yarn consisting of an elastic polyurethane (PU) core, a conductive Ag-nanoparticles/graphene-microsheets composite sheath, and a silicone encapsulation layer was designed and fabricated through an easily manipulated protocol. Arising from the reasonable structural design and appropriate material selection, the as-fabricated strain sensor not only exhibited excellent flexibility, stretchability, and highly repeatable electromechanical stability (a repeatability error of 1.56%) but also possessed both high sensitivity (a gauge factor of nearly 500) and a relatively wide working range (0–50% applied strain) with good linearity (a correlation coefficient of 0.98). In addition, the facile, nearly all-solution-based fabrication protocol enabled the scalable production of long conductive yarns. Thus, the proper yarn length and superb mechanical properties endowed the stretchable conductive yarn with good weavability. The excellent wearability of the stretchable conductive yarn was derived from the outermost isolating, hydrophobic, and biocompatible silicone encapsulation layer. A wearable high-sensitivity strain sensing textile, fabricated by directly weaving the as-prepared yarn-based sensor, showed great potential for application to wearable textile sensors for real-time monitoring of human motions from vigorous walking to subtle and complex pronunciations.

关键词： stretchable weavable polyurethane elastomer one-dimensional (1D) strain sensing textiles sensor

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马克思恩格斯文化传承发展思想论析

党政研究 2024年第3期 13-20,M0003页

作者：杨旭飞汤志华广西师范大学马克思主义学院广西桂林541004

马克思恩格斯文化传承发展思想作为中国共产党领导文化建设的渊源性理论,为新时代加快推进中国特色社会主义文化建设和建设中华民族现代文明提供了科学理论指引。马克思恩格斯文化传承发展思想始终坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,从社... 详细信息

马克思恩格斯文化传承发展思想作为中国共产党领导文化建设的渊源性理论,为新时代加快推进中国特色社会主义文化建设和建设中华民族现代文明提供了科学理论指引。马克思恩格斯文化传承发展思想始终坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,从社会关系、社会变革和社会发展维度阐释了文化传承发展的丰富内涵,在“精华”与“糟粕”、传承与发展、促进与阻碍等多对关系中辩证地把握了文化传承发展的核心要义,在资本主义文化可超越性论证、既有文化资源的共产主义道德阐释和人的解放的价值目标确立上展望了文化传承发展的价值取向。

关键词：马克思恩格斯文化传承发展

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城市三维空间结构对碳排放影响的尺度效应

生态学报 2024年第2期44卷 612-624页

作者：何小钰庄雅烨邱穗萱李桦招扬卢思言林锦耀广州大学地理科学与遥感学院广州510006

城市是碳排放最集中的区域,全面厘清城市空间结构对碳排放的影响对碳减排规划具有重要意义。以往研究主要关注城市二维结构与碳排放的关系,表明城市扩张是碳排放剧增的主要原因。虽然城市三维空间结构也会显著影响碳排放,然而其影响的... 详细信息

城市是碳排放最集中的区域,全面厘清城市空间结构对碳排放的影响对碳减排规划具有重要意义。以往研究主要关注城市二维结构与碳排放的关系,表明城市扩张是碳排放剧增的主要原因。虽然城市三维空间结构也会显著影响碳排放,然而其影响的尺度效应依然缺少深入分析。为此以广州市为例,结合相关性分析、随机森林探究三维空间结构与碳排放的关系,并揭示三维空间结构影响的尺度效应。研究结果表明:(1)(高层)建筑物密度、建筑覆盖率、容积率与人口密度是碳排放的关键影响因素,主要通过直接增加人类活动或加剧热岛效应使得能源消耗和碳排放增多;(2)三维空间结构对碳排放的影响具有明显的尺度效应。随着分析尺度的变化,碳排放受三维空间结构的不同方面主导;(3)广州作为紧凑型城市的代表,如果片面追求城市三维空间的紧凑布局将不利于低碳城市的发展。因此,相关部门应重视宏观尺度下的三维空间结构的合理布局,合理开发城市边缘地区,降低城市中心建筑物的紧凑布局,构建多中心的城市格局,以有效降低碳排放水平,促进低碳城市的构建与可持续发展。研究所得成果可为城市建筑三维空间布局的合理优化提供参考依据,助力“双碳”目标的实现。

关键词：三维空间结构碳排放尺度效应随机森林

Production and characterization of high porosity porous Fe?Cr?C alloys by the space holder leaching technique

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第7期23卷 793-798页

作者： Da-rong Tian Yu-hua Pang liang Yu li Sun School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China Research Center of Metallurgical Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province Xi'an 710055China AVIC Xi'an Aircraft Industry(Group)Company Ltd. Xi'an 710000China

Spherical carbamide particles were employed to produce porous Fe–Cr–C alloy with high porosity and large aperture via the space-holder leaching technique. A series of porous samples were prepared by regulating the processing parameters, which included the carbamide content and the compaction pressure. The pore characteristics and compression properties of the produced samples were investigated. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, and compression tests. The results showed that the macro-porosity and the mean pore size were in the ranges 40.4%–82.4% and 0.6–1.5 mm, respectively. The compressive strength varied between 25.38 MPa and 127.9 MPa, and was observed to decrease with increasing total porosity.

关键词： porous metal powder metallurgy cellular manufacturing porosity compressive strength

Effect of matrix structure on mechanical properties and dry rolling-sliding wear performance of alloyed ductile iron

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第8期26卷 888-897页

作者： hua Zhang Yan-xin Wu Qiu-ju li Xin Hong State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy and School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Jiangsu Yonggang Group Co. Ltd. Zhangjiagang 215628 Jiangsu China Institute of Engineering Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The influence of matrix structure on mechanical properties and dry rolling-sliding wear performance of alloyed ductile iron was examined. Four kinds of alloyed ductile irons with different matrix structures were produced through an adequate balance of alloying elements. Tensile tests and dry rolling-sliding wear tests were carried out at room temperature. The results show that yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase, while elongation decreases until the matrix fully becomes pearlite. The lower matrix hardness results in more graphite emerging on the contact surface, which yields the decrease in friction coefficient. Besides, the wear rate decreases with the increase in matrix hardness among alloyed ductile irons except that with full pearlite matrix, the wear performance of which seems to be deteriorated due to poor fracture toughness. The main wear mechanism is delamination under an air-cooling condition. Based on the results of mechanical and wear tests, ductile iron with about 80% pearlite exhibits better wear performance as well as relatively reasonable mechanical properties.

关键词： Ductile iron Microstructure Mechanical property Wear Delamination

优质肉鸡不同环境控制下的舍内参数分布规律及性能差异性研究

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西南农业学报 2024年第5期37卷 1108-1115页

作者：王钱保黄华云李春苗黄正洋吴兆林赵振华中国农业科学院家禽研究所江苏扬州225003

【目的】明确不同饲养条件下优质肉鸡舍内环境参数变化及与生长发育的内在关联性,为优质肉鸡舍内环境参数控制提供理论依据。【方法】选取0 d龄健康的优质肉鸡L系母鸡480只,随机分成4组,每组120只,6个重复,每个重复20只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ试验... 详细信息

【目的】明确不同饲养条件下优质肉鸡舍内环境参数变化及与生长发育的内在关联性,为优质肉鸡舍内环境参数控制提供理论依据。【方法】选取0 d龄健康的优质肉鸡L系母鸡480只,随机分成4组,每组120只,6个重复,每个重复20只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ试验组饲养于3间密闭式环控舱内,根据生长周期分别设计不同的温湿度环境控制模式。对照组Ⅳ育雏期(0~21 d)饲养于环控舱内,后转至半封闭式普通鸡舍,测定各组鸡舍内部环境参数和鸡只体重、体尺变化和性器官发育等生长性能。【结果】(1)处于环控舱内的Ⅳ组鸡温度相对较高,达32℃以上,湿度为55%左右,NH_(3)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度始终处于较低的状态,随着转入半封闭式普通鸡舍后与舍外温湿度差逐渐加大,各气体和粉尘浓度变化规律与舍外基本一致,均处于先降后升,O_(2)浓度则始终处于相对稳定的趋势。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组舍内新鲜空气的交换使温湿度始终维持在预设范围内,NH_(3)、CO_(2)、O_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)等环境参数变化趋势基本与舍外一致,略低于普通半封闭式鸡舍。(2)舍外温度与O_(2)、CO_(2)和NH3的相关系数分别为0.7287、-0.7123和-0.6875(P<0.01),舍内温度与O_(2)、CO_(2)和NH_(3)的相关系数分别为0.8071、-8427和-0.7221(P<0.01),都为中等相关或强相关,说明温度对气体浓度的影响较大,相比于舍外,舍内温度与气体浓度的相关性更强。(3)8周龄时Ⅱ组体重显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05,下同),12周龄时各组鸡体况生长发育达到顶峰,Ⅱ组体重比Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别高84、144和126 g,此时Ⅱ组体斜长、龙骨长显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组;16周龄时第Ⅱ组输卵管长度达到23.25 mm,小黄卵泡和卵巢重量分别为6.25个和10.15 g,均显著大于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,表明了不同环境参数控制下优质肉鸡生长及性器官发育有明显差异。【结论】不同类型鸡舍环境参数存在一定程度的生长发育和性成熟差异,密闭式环控舱环控模式更适合我国优质肉鸡健康生长及福利养殖的发展需要,优质肉鸡在不同生长周期内对于温湿度的要求不尽相同,其中Ⅱ组环控模式在不同日龄段生长及性器官发育上更具优势,建议加大推广在家禽养殖上的应用。

关键词：优质肉鸡密闭式环控舱半封闭式普通鸡舍环境参数生长发育

油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率对菜籽油关键品质的影响

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作物学报 2024年第7期50卷 1818-1828页

作者：闫子恒王先领邵东李郜耿东宁宁贾才华蒯婕汪波徐正华王晶赵杰周广生华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室湖北武汉430070

油菜籽粒中的叶绿素是阻碍高品质菜籽油生产的关键因素。压榨制油时叶绿素进入菜籽油,菜籽油叶绿素含量高不仅外观品质差,且易引发光氧化反应。因此,提高籽粒成熟过程中叶绿素降解速率,对改善菜籽油外观及营养品质具有重要意义。试验利... 详细信息

油菜籽粒中的叶绿素是阻碍高品质菜籽油生产的关键因素。压榨制油时叶绿素进入菜籽油,菜籽油叶绿素含量高不仅外观品质差,且易引发光氧化反应。因此,提高籽粒成熟过程中叶绿素降解速率,对改善菜籽油外观及营养品质具有重要意义。试验利用281份来自国内外的栽培品种、品系组成的自然群体,在武汉试验点连续进行2年田间小区试验,考察油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率、油脂外观及营养品质等指标,分析籽粒叶绿素降解与千粒重、含油量、油脂色泽、抗氧化能力等指标的内在联系,以期为优质菜籽油原料的生产提供理论与技术支撑。结果表明,不同品系籽粒叶绿素降解速率存在差异,供试群体品系间存在广泛变异;相关性分析显示,籽粒叶绿素降解速率与种子千粒重、含油量无显著相关性,与菜籽油叶绿素含量显著负相关;菜籽油叶绿素含量与菜籽油红值、黄值及过氧化值显著正相关,与菜籽油抗氧化能力显著负相关,籽粒叶绿素降解速率快的类别,菜籽油色泽更浅,菜籽油过氧化值较低且具有较高的总酚含量与抗氧化能力;花后40 d,叶绿素降解快的品系籽粒POR酶的活性低于叶绿素降解慢的品系,但花后53 d PAO酶的活性高于叶绿素降解慢的品系,因此籽粒成熟后期叶绿素降解速率快,种子叶绿素含量低。

关键词：油菜籽粒叶绿素降解速率菜籽油品质

Sub-additive Unstable Topological Pressure of Diffeomorphisms

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第12期38卷 2285-2298页

作者： Wen Da ZHANG Zhi Qiang li Yun hua ZHOU College of Mathematics and Statistics Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074P.R.China College of Mathematics and Statistics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331P.R.China

In this paper,we study unstable topological pressure for C^(1)-smooth partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with sub-additive ***,without any additional assumption,we have established the expected variational principle which connects this unstable topological pressure and the unstable measure theoretic entropy,as well as the corresponding Lyapunov exponent.

关键词： Partially hyperbolic systems unstable topological pressure sub-additive potentials