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Road sub-surface defect detection based on gprMax forward simulation-sample generation and Swin Transformer-YOLOX

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 334-349页

作者： Longjian li li YANG Zhongyu HAO Xiaoli sun Gongfa CHEN School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China JSTI Group Guizhou Engineering Survey and Design Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510800China Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Testing Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510520China

Training samples for deep learning networks are typically obtained through various field experiments,which require significant manpower,resource and time ***,it is possible to utilize simulated data to augment the training *** this paper,by comparing the actual experimental model with the simulated model generated by the gprMax[1]forward simulation method,the feasibility of obtaining simulated samples through gprMax simulation is ***,the samples generated by gprMax forward simulation are used for training the network to detect objects in existing real *** the same time,aiming at the detection and intelligent recognition of road sub-surface defects,the Swin-YOLOX algorithm is introduced,and the excellence of the detection network,which is improved by augmenting the simulated samples with real samples,is further *** comparing the prediction performance of the object detection models,it is observed that the model trained with mixed samples achieved a recall of 94.74%and a mean average precision(maP)of 97.71%,surpassing the model trained only on real samples by 12.95%and 15.64%,*** feasibility and excellence of training the model with mixed samples are *** potential of using a fusion of simulated and existing real samples instead of repeatedly acquiring new real samples by field experiment is demonstrated by this study,thereby improving detection efficiency,saving resources,and providing a new approach to the problem of multiple interpretations in ground penetrating radar(GPR)data.

关键词： ground penetrating radar gprMax forward modeling sample generation Swin-YOLOX object detection

Exploring changes of precipitation extremes under climate change through global variable-resolution modeling

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 237-247页

作者： Wei sun Jian li Rucong Yu Nina li Yi Zhang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationChengdu 610072China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China 2035 Future Laboratory PIESAT Information Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100105China

Understanding the responses of precipitation extremes to global climate change remains limited owing to their poor representations in models and complicated interactions with multi-scale *** we take the record-breaking precipitation over China in 2021 as an example,and study its changes under three different climate scenarios through a developed pseudo-global-warming(PGW)experimental framework with 60-3 km variable-resolution global ensemble *** to the present climate,the precipitation extreme under a warmer(cooler)climate increased(decreased)in intensity,coverage,and total amount at a range of 24.3%-37.8%(18.7%-56.1%).With the help of the proposed PGW experimental framework,we further reveal the impacts of the multi-scale system interactions in climate change on the precipitation *** the warmer climate,large-scale water vapor transport converged from double typhoons and the subtropical high marched into central China,enhancing the convective energy and instability on the leading edge of the transport *** a result,the mesoscale convective system(Mcs)that directly contributed to the precipitation extreme became stronger than that in the present *** the contrary,the cooler climate displayed opposite changing characteristics relative to the warmer climate,ranging from the large-scale systems to local environments and to the *** summary,our study provides a promising approach to scientifically assess the response of precipitation extremes to climate change,making it feasible to perform ensemble simulations while investigating the multi-scale system interactions over the globe.

关键词： Precipitation extreme Climate change Pseudo-global-warming experiment Variable-resolution modeling Multi-scale system interaction

Accumulation and Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements in a Soil-Wheat System

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Pedosphere 2006年第1期16卷 82-90页

作者： DING Shi-Ming liANG Tao ZHANG Chao-Sheng WANG li-jun sun Qin Nanjing Institute of Geography ＆ limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （ China） Department of Geography and Environmental Change Institute National University of Ireland Galway （Ireland） State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 （China）

Time series bioaccumulation of rare earth elements （REEs） in field-grown wheat with and without a dressing of extraneous REE fertilizer at different growth stages and fractionation of REEs during their transport in a soil-wheat system were determined. Time-dependent accumulation of extraneous REEs was found in different parts of wheat. An upward transport of extraneous REEs from roots to shoots under a soil dressing and a downward transport from leaves to roots with a foliar dressing were also observed. Moreover, fractionation of REEs occurred in the soil-wheat system. Compared to the host soil a positive Eu anomaly in the stems and grains as well as heavy REE enrichment in the grains were found. The ability of the different wheat organs to fractionate Eu from the REE series was ranked in the order of sterns 〉 grains 〉 leaves 〉 roots.

关键词： accumulation fractionation rare earth elements wheat

Metal-based cathode catalysts for electrocatalytic ORR in microbial fuel cells:A review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 85-96页

作者： Yaxin sun Huiyu li Shiquan Guo Congju li School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)have a simple structure and excellent pollutant treatment and power generation ***,the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the MFC cathode limit power *** electrochemical performance of MFCs can be improved through *** far,metal-based catalysts have shown astonishing results in the field of electrocatalysis,enabling MFC devices to demonstrate power generation capabilities comparable to those of Pt,thus showing enormous *** article reviews the research progress of meta-based MFC cathode ORR catalysts,including the ORR reaction mechanism of MFC,different types of catalysts,and preparation *** catalytic effects of different catalysts in MFC are compared and *** discussing the practical application and expanded manufacturing of catalysts,we summarize the key challenges that must be addressed when using metal-based catalysts in MFC,with the aim of providing a scientific direction for the future development of advanced materials.

关键词： Microbial fuel cells Metal-based cathode catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Noble metal catalysts MOFs M-N-C Single-atom Transition metal oxides

Genome sequencing provides insights into Caprifoliaceae genome evolution and the mechanism underlying second blooming phenomenon in Heptacodium miconioides

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 897-910页

作者： Yueling li Zhongshuai sun Zexin Jin junmin li Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhouZhejiang 318000China Institute of Ecology Taizhou UniversityTaizhouZhejiang 318000China School of life Sciences Taizhou UniversityTaizhouZhejiang 318000China

Plants of the Caprifoliaceae family are widely cultivated worldwide as ornamental plants owing to their numerous,sweet-smelling,beautiful flowers and *** miconioides Rehd.,a member of the family,is endemic to eastern China and is cultivated as a popular ornamental plant in North America and European *** has a rather novel and beautiful trait of high horticultural value,that is,its sepals persist and enlarge,turning purplish ***,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of *** to understand its evolution and floral *** 622.28 Mb assembled genome harbored a shared whole-genome duplication with a related species,Lonicera *** genomic analysis suggested that chromosome fission events following genome duplication underlie the unusual chromosome number of these two species,as well as chromosome fission of another five chromosomes in ***,giving rise to a haploid chromosome number of 14(versus 9 in ***).In addition,based on transcriptome and chloroplast genome analysis of 17 representative species in the Caprifoliaceae,we assumed that large structural variations in the chromosomes of *** were not caused by *** in the candidate genes of the MADS-box family were detected in the *** genome,including AP1-,AP3-,and SEPexpanded,which might underlie the sepal elongation and development in this *** current findings provided a critical resource for genome evolution studies in Caprifoliaceae and it was an example of how multi-omics data can elucidate the regulation of important ornamental traits.

关键词： Heptacodium miconioides Genome assembly Caprifoliaceae Chromosome fusion Sepal traits

Unraveling role of double-exchange interaction in electrochemical water oxidation by external magnetic field

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 289-297页

作者： jun li jun-Ming li Hong Hong Dong-Xue liu Qing-Qi Cao Dun-Hui Wang National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China School of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Double-exchange(DE) interaction plays an important role in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,precise achievement of DE interaction often requires foreign dopants or vacancy engineering,leading to destabilization of the catalysts and deterioration of *** contrast,the utilization of environmentally friendly,contactless,and continuously adjustable magnetic fields to study the OER process is profitable to avoid aforementioned interference factors and further elucidate the direct relationship_(0.5)between DE interaction and OER ***,by using cobalt hydroxide carbonate(Co(OH)(CO_(3))·xH_(2)O,CoHC) nanostructures as a proof-of-concept study,external magnetic fields are carefully implemented to verify the role of DE interaction during water oxidation *** studies reveal that external magnetic fields effectively enhance the reaction rate of the catalyst,the overpotential decreases from 386 to 355 mV(100 mA·cm^(-2)),while Tafel slopes drastically decline from 93 to 67 mV·dec^(-1)(1.0 T).Moreover,magnetic field increment exhibits robust *** in situ Raman and impedance measurements under external field,it can be found that magnetic field promotes the electron migration between Co^(2+) and Co^(3+) in the CoHC catalysts with the assistance of DE interactions,thus boosting the OER efficiency.

关键词： Magnetic field Double-exchange(DE)interaction Electrocatalysis Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) Cobalt hydroxide carbonate

Regional Multi-Agent Cooperative Reinforcement Learning for City-Level Traffic Grid Signal Control

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1987-1998页

作者： Yisha li Ya Zhang Xinde li Changyin sun School of Automation Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096 Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

This article studies the effective traffic signal control problem of multiple intersections in a city-level traffic system.A novel regional multi-agent cooperative reinforcement learning algorithm called RegionSTlight is proposed to improve the traffic *** a regional multi-agent Q-learning framework is proposed,which can equivalently decompose the global Q value of the traffic system into the local values of several regions Based on the framework and the idea of human-machine cooperation,a dynamic zoning method is designed to divide the traffic network into several strong-coupled regions according to realtime traffic flow *** order to achieve better cooperation inside each region,a lightweight spatio-temporal fusion feature extraction network is *** experiments in synthetic real-world and city-level scenarios show that the proposed RegionS Tlight converges more quickly,is more stable,and obtains better asymptotic performance compared to state-of-theart models.

关键词： Human-machine cooperation mixed domain attention mechanism multi-agent reinforcement learning spatio-temporal feature traffic signal control

Towards optimized tensor code generation for deep learning on sunway many-core processor

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 1-15页

作者： Mingzhen li Changxi liU Jianjin liAO Xuegui ZHENG Hailong YANG Rujun sun jun XU lin GAN Guangwen YANG Zhongzhi LUAN Depei QIAN State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beijing 100191China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China National University of Singapore Singapore 119077Singapore State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Wuxi 214000China Science and Technology on Special System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing 100854China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The flourish of deep learning frameworks and hardware platforms has been demanding an efficient compiler that can shield the diversity in both software and hardware in order to provide application *** the existing deep learning compilers,TVM is well known for its efficiency in code generation and optimization across diverse hardware *** the meanwhile,the sunway many-core processor renders itself as a competitive candidate for its attractive computational power in both scientific computing and deep learning *** paper combines the trends in these two ***,we propose swTVM that extends the original TVM to support ahead-of-time compilation for architecture requiring cross-compilation such as *** addition,we leverage the architecture features during the compilation such as core group for massive parallelism,DMA for high bandwidth memory transfer and local device memory for data locality,in order to generate efficient codes for deep learning workloads on *** experiment results show that the codes generated by swTVM achieve 1.79x improvement of inference latency on average compared to the state-of-the-art deep learning framework on sunway,across eight representative *** work is the first attempt from the compiler perspective to bridge the gap of deep learning and sunway processor particularly with productivity and efficiency in *** believe this work will encourage more people to embrace the power of deep learning and sunwaymany-coreprocessor.

关键词： sunway processor deep learning compiler code generation performance optimization

Illuminating spin-crossover octanuclear metal-organic cages

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1208-1215页

作者： Zhi-Kun liu Alyona A.Starikova Yu-Xia li Ke sun Meng Yu Zi-Shuo Yao jun Tao Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiangxiang CampusBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 102488China Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don 344090Russia

Spin-crossover(SCO)materials that reversibly switch between high-and low-spin states have potential for the storage of spin state-relative information,and have gained much attention incorporating secondary physical properties,such as fluorescence and magneto-optical *** this study,we synthesized three octanuclear metal-organic cages(MOCs)using tetraphenylethylene-based luminophores,aldehydes,and Fe^(Ⅱ)salts,by subcomponent self-assembly approach,namely[Fe1]-[Fe3].By controlling the ligand-field strength and guest encapsulation,we finely tuned their SCO *** them,MOC[Fe2]displayed nearly complete SCO behavior in the solid state,which is rare for high-nuclearity *** also demonstrated the coupling of SCO with fluorescence emission in these MOCs by using isostructural Zn^(Ⅱ)complexes([Zn1]-[Zn3])as control experiments,for the first *** calculations revealed the energy-transfer mechanism between fluorophores and SCOactive centers,which emphasizes the significant contribution of d-d transitions in the interplay between the occurrence of SCO and fluorescence emission.

关键词： metal-organic cages spin crossover fluorescence switching materials DFT calculation