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Cell reprogramming therapy for Parkinson’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2444-2455页

作者： Wenjing dong Shuyi liu Shangang li Zhengbo wang State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research Institute of Primate Translational MedicineKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnan ProvinceChina Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research KunmingYunnan ProvinceChina

Parkinson’s disease is typically characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.Many studies have been performed based on the supplementation of lost dopaminergic neurons to treat Parkinson’s disease.The initial strategy for cell replacement therapy used human fetal ventral midbrain and human embryonic stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease,which could substantially alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in clinical practice.However,ethical issues and tumor formation were limitations of its clinical application.Induced pluripotent stem cells can be acquired without sacrificing human embryos,which eliminates the huge ethical barriers of human stem cell therapy.Another widely considered neuronal regeneration strategy is to directly reprogram fibroblasts and astrocytes into neurons,without the need for intermediate proliferation states,thus avoiding issues of immune rejection and tumor formation.Both induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of lineage cells have shown promising results in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.However,there are also ethical concerns and the risk of tumor formation that need to be addressed.This review highlights the current application status of cell reprogramming in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease,focusing on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in cell replacement therapy,including preclinical animal models and progress in clinical research.The review also discusses the advancements in direct reprogramming of lineage cells in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease,as well as the controversy surrounding in vivo reprogramming.These findings suggest that cell reprogramming may hold great promise as a potential strategy for treating Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： animal models astrocytes autologous cell reprogramming cell therapy direct lineage reprogramming dopaminergic neurons induced pluripotent stem cells non-human primates Parkinson’s disease

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Animal models of eosinophilic esophagitis,review and perspectives

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期7卷 127-135页

作者： dong li Yujia Wei Jing wang Bo wang Department of Dermatology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji HospitalWuhanChina Health Management Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji HospitalWuhanChina Department of Gastroenterology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Tongji HospitalWuhanChina

Eosinophilic oesophagitis(EoE)is an allergen/immune-mediated chronic esophageal disease characterized by esophageal mucosal eosinophilic infiltration and esophageal dysfunction.Although the disease was originally attributed to a delayed allergic reaction to allergens and a Th2-type immune response,the exact pathogenesis is complex,and the efficacy of existing treatments is unsatisfactory.Therefore,the study of the pathophysiological process of EOE has received increasing attention.Animal models have been used extensively to study the molecular mechanism of EOE pathogenesis and also provide a preclinical platform for human clinical intervention studies of novel therapeutic agents.To maximize the use of existing animal models of EOE,it is important to understand the advantages or limitations of each modeling approach.This paper systematically describes the selection of experimental animals,types of allergens,and methods of sensitization and excitation during the preparation of animal models of EoE.It also discusses the utility and shortcomings of each model with the aim of providing the latest perspectives on EoE models and leading to better choices of animal models.

关键词： anaphylaxis disease models animal eosinophilic esophagitis methods

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Exceptional points enhance sensing in silicon micromechanical resonators

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 17-25页

作者： Man-Na Zhang Lei dong li-Feng wang Qing-An Huang Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Exceptional points(EPs)have recently emerged as a new method for engineering the response of open physical systems,that is,systems that interact with the environment.The systems at the EPs exhibit a strong response to a small perturbation.Here,we show a method by which the sensitivity of silicon resonant sensors can be enhanced when operated at EPs.In our experiments,we use a pair of mechanically coupled silicon micromechanical resonators constituting a parity-time(PT)-symmetric dimer.Small perturbations introduced on the mechanically coupled spring cause the frequency to split from the EPs into the PT-symmetric regime without broadening the two spectrum linewidths,and this frequency splitting scales with the square root of the perturbation strength.The overall signal-tonoise ratio is still greatly enhanced,although the measured noise spectral density of the EP sensing scheme has a slight increase comparable to the traditional counterpart.Our results pave the way for resonant sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity.

关键词： resonant symmetric points

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Abundance and sources of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic acids at an urban site in central China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 155-168页

作者： Luqi Shang Zhe dong Zihan li Mingkai wang Zihan Kong Xiao li Ruiqin Zhang School of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Environmental Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

We conducted a simultaneous field study of PM_(2.5)-bound particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and aromatic acids(AAs)in a polluted city Zhengzhou to explore the concentration,sources and potential conversion pathways between PAHs and AAs in different seasons.The average concentrations of PM_(2.5),28PAHs and 8AAs during the sampling period were 77μg/m^(3),75 ng/m^(3),and 283 ng/m^(3),respectively.The concentration of both28PAHs and 8AAs were highest in winter and lowest in summer with ratios of 6.3 and 2.3,respectively.PAHs with 5-7 rings were the main components of PAHs(52%),followed by 4rings PAHs(30%)and 2-3 rings PAHs(18%).According to the source appointment results obtained by positive matrix factorization,the main sources of PAHs were combustion and vehicle emissions,which account for 37%and 34%,respectively.8AAs were divided into three groups,including four benzene dicarboxylic acids(B2CAs),three benzene tricarboxylic acids(B3CAs)and one benzene tetracarboxylic acid(B4CA).And interspecies correlation analysis with PM_(2.5)source markers were used to investigate potential sources.Phthalic acid(o-Ph)was the most abundant specie of 8AAs(157 ng/m^(3),55%of 8AAs),which was well correlated with sulfate.Meanwhile,B3CAs and B4CA were highly correlated with sulfate and weakly correlated with levoglucosan,suggesting that secondary formation was their main source.As logical oxidation products of PAHs,o-Ph and B3CAs showed good correlations with a number of PAHs,indicating possible photochemical oxidation pathway by PAHs.In addition,O_(3),NO_(2),temperature and relative humidity have positive effects on the secondary formation of B3CAs.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Aromatic acids Source appointment Secondary formation

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A Review on Particle Reinforced Mg Matrix Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 391-400页

作者： Zhiyuan liu li Jin Jian Zeng Fulin wang Fenghua wang Shuai dong Jie dong National Engineering Research Center of light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in particle-reinforced Mg matrix composites prepared via powder metallurgy.The article discusses different strategies,such as micro-sized,nano-sized particles,and multi-particle hybridization,which has been employed to enhance the performance of the composites.In addition,a range of preparation techniques that optimize the dispersion of the reinforcing particles are summarized.The paper also highlights how the different configurations between the reinforcements and matrix alloy impact the composites’performance.Finally,the article outlines the prospects of particles reinforced Mg matrix composites fabricated via powder metallurgy and recommends modification methods that could be explored to further develop these materials for various applications.

关键词： Magnesium matrix composites Reinforcing particle Powder metallurgy Mechanical properties Configuration

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Transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter for the diagnosis of colorectal polyps in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2050-2055页

作者： Lan wang Yan-Fei li li-Feng dong Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Chuiyangliu HospitalBeijing 100022China

BACKGROUND The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and lipid metabolism are related to the occurrence of colorectal polyps.liver-controlled attenuation parameters(liver-CAPs)have been established to predict the prognosis of hepatic steatosis patients.AIM To explore the risk factors associated with colorectal polyps in patients with NAFLD by analyzing liver-CAPs and establishing a diagnostic model.METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with colorectal polyps in the Department of Gastroenterology of our hospital between June 2021 and April 2022 composed the case group,and those with no important abnormalities composed the control group.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict the diagnostic efficiency.Differences were considered statistically significant when Pliver-CAP in the case group were significantly greater than those in the control group(mmol/L,1.74 vs 1.05;dB/m,282 vs 254,Pliver-CAP were found to be independent risk factors for colorectal polyps,with ORs of 2.338(95%CI:1.154–4.733)and 1.019(95%CI:1.006–1.033),respectively(Pliver-CAP and TG combined with liver-CAP(TG+CAP)(P>0.05).When the liver-CAP was greater than 291 dB/m,colorectal polyps were more likely to occur.CONCLUSION The levels of TG and liver-CAP in patients with colorectal polyps are significantly greater than those patients without polyps.liver-CAP alone can be used to diagnose NAFLD with colorectal polyps.

关键词： Colorectal polyps Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease liver-controlled attenuation parameter liver fibroscan Diagnostic model

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Double-stranded DNA-nucleic acid dye complex-sensitized biocatalytic photosynthesis:Base pairing-switched regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 618-624页

作者： Zhen dong Yanying wang Dan li Peng Wu College of Chemistry Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064SichuanChina Analytical&Testing Centre State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064SichuanChina School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007HenanChina

Photo-biocatalysis,the combination of photosensitization and biocatalysis,is an emerging solution for sunlight-based renewable energy.It is thus important to develop light antennas with both good light har-vesting and efficient electron transfer.Herein,the intriguing electrical conductivity of dsDNA and its host effect(for nucleic acid dyes to harvest light)were explored simultaneously to develop a dsDNA-based light antenna for photo-biocatalysis.With SYBR Green I(SG)as the example of the nucleic acid dye,the proposed SG-dsDNA system was found to be capable for visible-light-driven reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)regeneration,and the turnover frequency of which(1.35 min^(-1))exceeded most of the existing photocatalytic systems.Since SG can only be hosted by dsDNA,meanwhile dsDNA can be formed through hybridization between single strand DNA and its complementary strand,the pro-posed system adds an extra control of the photocatalytic activity(DNA base pairing-based switch).When integrating the SG-dsDNA system with NADH-dependent horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase(HLADH),successful synthesis of 2-phenylpropanol(a crucial intermediates of profens manufacturing)was achieved.

关键词： Photosynthesis dsDNA SYBRGreenI TICT 2-phenylpropanol

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Towards full-stack deep learning-empowered data processing pipeline for synchrotron tomography experiments

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 127-138页

作者： Zhen Zhang Chun li Wenhui wang Zheng dong Gongfa liu Yuhui dong Yi Zhang National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Synchrotron tomography experiments are transitioning into multifunctional,cross-scale,and dynamic characterizations,enabled by new-generation synchrotron light sources and fast developments in beamline instrumentation.However,with the spatial and temporal resolving power entering a new era,this transition generates vast amounts of data,which imposes a significant burden on the data processing end.Today,as a highly accurate and efficient data processing method,deep learning shows great potential to address the big data challenge being encountered at future synchrotron beamlines.In this review,we discuss recent advances employing deep learning at different stages of the synchrotron tomography data processing pipeline.We also highlight how applications in other data-intensive fields,such as medical imaging and electron tomography,can be migrated to synchrotron tomography.Finally,we provide our thoughts on possible challenges and opportunities as well as the outlook,envisioning selected deep learning methods,curated big models,and customized learning strategies,all through an intelligent scheduling solution.

关键词： processing pipeline outlook

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Deep learning-based optical aberration estimation enables offline digital adaptive optics and super-resolution imaging

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 474-484页

作者： CHANG QIAO HAOYU CHEN RUN wang TAO JIANG YUwang wang dong li Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Optical aberrations degrade the performance of fluorescence microscopy.Conventional adaptive optics(AO)leverages specific devices,such as the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and deformable mirror,to measure and correct optical aberrations.However,conventional AO requires either additional hardware or a more complicated imaging procedure,resulting in higher cost or a lower acquisition speed.In this study,we proposed a novel space-frequency encoding network(SFE-Net)that can directly estimate the aberrated point spread functions(PSFs)from biological images,enabling fast optical aberration estimation with high accuracy without engaging extra optics and image acquisition.We showed that with the estimated PSFs,the optical aberration can be computationally removed by the deconvolution algorithm.Furthermore,to fully exploit the benefits of SFE-Net,we incorporated the estimated PSF with neural network architecture design to devise an aberration-aware deeplearning super-resolution model,dubbed SFT-DFCAN.We demonstrated that the combination of SFE-Net and SFT-DFCAN enables instant digital AO and optical aberration-aware super-resolution reconstruction for live-cell imaging.

关键词： optics resolution enable

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A comparative investigation on wear behaviors of physical and chemical vapor deposited bronze coatings for hydraulic piston pump

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 391-403页

作者： Wei HAO Andrews LARBI Hongkang dong dongyun wang Shenghu li Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Hangzhou lilong Hydraulic Co. LtdHangzhou 311200China

The cylinder block/valve plate interface is one of the most critical frictional interfaces of the swashplate-type axial piston pump.However,the poor lubrication interface caused rapid wear and high friction loss in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication system,decreasing the pump lifetime.Wear resistant bronze coatings were fabricated on 38CrMoAl substrate by Physical Vapor Deposition(PVD)and Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD),respectively.Ball-on-disc wear tests were performed to comparatively investigate the wear behaviors of the coatings and bulk ductile iron samples.It can be found that the PVD-bronze coating exhibited better wear resistance than the other two samples.This enhanced wear resistance was attributed to the unique composite microstructure and desired mechanical strength,which could resist to mechanical shear and spallation,decreasing friction loss.The appropriate hardness of(1.33±0.07)GPa could be beneficial for enhancing its wear resistance.The PVD-bronze coating possessed a much lower and stable coefficient of friction(about 0.1)and wear rate(about 6000μm3.N-1.m-1)under the loading forces of about 100 N after 20 min.The wear mechanism was the abrasive wear.

关键词： Aircraft hydraulic pump Bronze Coatings Wear resistance Mechanisms

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