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Analysis of the lignin Contents and Related Enzymes Activities in Seed Coat Between Black-Seeded and Yellow-Seeded Rapes (Brassica napus L.)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第12期4卷 890-897页

作者： RAN Xiu-zhi liANG Ying li jia-na College of Agronomy and life Science Southwest Agricultural University Chongqing 400716 P.R.China

One pair of near isonegic yellow/black seeded rape （Brassica napus L） were used as experimental materials to study the changes of lignin contents and enzymes activities of 4-coumarate： CoA ligase （4CL）, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD） and ferulate 5-hydroxylase （F5H） in seedcoats during the stage of seed development. The variation analysis showed that the changes of lignin contents and enzyme activities of 4CL, CAD and F5H in seed coat had significant differences between black- and yellow-seeded rapes, and also between different development stages. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the lignin contents were positively correlative to the activities of all three enzymes investigated in the study, and the interactions between them in the seed coat of the two lines. For yellow-seeded rape, the correlation coefficient （0.7262018） of lignin content and the interaction between 4CL and F5H was significant, the lignin contents were highly positively correlative to the activities of CAD and F5H, the interaction between 4CL and CAD, and the interaction between CAD and F5H. For the black-seeded rape, only the lignin content was highly positively correlative to the activity of F5H （the correlation coefficient was 0.772949）, the other correlation coefficients, i. e. lignin contents to 4CL, CAD activities, the interactions between the three enzymes were not significant although all the correlation coefficients were above 0.5000. The results suggested that 4CL, CAD and F5H regulated the biosynthesis of lignin in seedcoat of rapes, leading to the lignin contents in the seedcoats of the yellow-seeded rape much lower than that of the black-seeded line, and affecting the thickness of the developing seedcoats in rapes. Therefore, it was likely to change the seedcoat ratio by overexpressing or suppressing the activities of one of the enzymes, both of them or all of them.

关键词： Brassica napus L.0 lignin contents0 4CL CAD F5H

Normalized glandular dose coefficients for digital breast tomosynthesis using detailed Chinese breast models

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 42-59页

作者： jia-Hao Wang Rui Qiu An-Kang Hu Ye-Qi liu Zhen Wu Hui Zhang Jun-li li Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Joint Institute of Tsinghua University Nuctech Company Limited BeijingBeijing 100084China

The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation *** study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female population to replace the traditional standard that utilizes simplified breast models,for the accurate estimation of the mean glandular dose of a patient undergoing digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT).The first set of detailed Chinese female breast models and representative breast parameters was *** backscatter radiation and computational efficiency,we improved the combination of these models and the Chinese reference adult female whole-body voxel *** acquisition for four commercial DBT systems that are widely employed in China was simulated using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the normalized glandular dose coefficients of DBT(D_(gN)^(DBT))and the glandular depth dose(D_(g)^(dep)(z))for different breast characteristics and X-ray *** calculated a series of D_(gN)^(DBT) values for breasts with different percentage mass glandularities(5%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and compressed breast thicknesses(2,3,4,5,6,and 7 cm)at various tube potentials(25,28,30,32,35,and 49 kV)and target/filter combinations(W/Rh,W/Al,Mo/Mo,Rh/Rh,and Rh/Ag).The parameter dependence of the breast characteristics and beam conditions on D_(gN)^(DBT) in detailed breast models was *** D_(gN)^(DBT) results were 14.6-51.0%lower than those of the traditional dosimetry standard in *** difference in D_(gN)^(DBT) was mainly due to a decrease in the depth of the main energy deposition area caused by the glandular distribution along the depth *** results obtained in this study may be used to improve breast dosimetry in China and provide more detailed information on risk assessment during DBT.

关键词： Digital breast tomosynthesis Normalized glandular dose coefficients Detailed breast model Monte Carlo simulation

Dynamic simulation analysis of molten salt reactor-coupled air-steam combined cycle power generation system

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 222-233页

作者： Jing-Lei Huang Guo-Bin jia li-Feng Han Wen-Qian liu li Huang Zheng-Han Yang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A nonlinear dynamic simulation model based on coordinated control of speed and flow rate for the molten salt reactor and combined cycle systems is proposed here to ensure the coordination and stability between the molten salt reactor and power *** model considers the impact of thermal properties of fluid variation on accuracy and has been validated with *** study reveals the capability of the control system to compensate for anomalous situations and maintain shaft stability in the event of perturbations occurring in high-temperature molten salt tank outlet ***,the control system’s impact on the system’s dynamic characteristics under molten salt disturbance is also *** results reveal that after the disturbance occurs,the controlled system benefits from the action of the control,and the overshoot and disturbance amplitude are positively correlated,while the system power and frequency eventually return to the initial *** simulation model provides a basis for utilizing molten salt reactors for power generation and maintaining grid stability.

关键词： Molten salt reactor Combined cycle Dynamic characteristic Control

Simultaneous Bulk-and Surface-initiated living Polymerization Studied with a Heterogeneous Stochastic Reaction Model

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 364-372,I0008页

作者： jia-Shu Ma Zhi-Ning Huang jia-Hao li Bang-Ping jiang Yan-Da liao Shi-Chen Ji Xing-Can Shen State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources(Ministry of Education of China)School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China School of Computer Science and Engineering&School of Software Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China

To better characterize the properties of surface-initiated polymers, simultaneous bulk-and surface-initiated polymerizations are usually carried out by assuming that the properties of the surface-initiated polymers resemble those of the bulk-initiated polymers. Through a Monte Carlo simulation using a heterogeneous stochastic reaction model, it was discovered that the bulk-initiated polymers exhibit a higher molecular weight and a lower dispersity than the corresponding surface-initiated polymers, which indicates that the equivalent assumption is invalid. Furthermore, the molecular weight distributions of the two types of polymers are also different, suggesting different polymerization mechanisms. The results can be simply explained by the heterogeneous distributions of reactants in the system. This study is helpful to better understand surface-initiated polymerization.

关键词： Surface-initiated polymerization Polymer brush Stochastic reaction model Heterogeneous polymerization Simultaneous polymerization

naturally occurring PA^(E206K)point mutation in 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses impairs viral replication at high temperatures

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 71-80页

作者： Mengmeng Cao Qiannan jia Jinghua li lili Zhao li zhu Yufan Zhang Shan li Tao Deng national Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

The emergence of influenza virus A pandemic H1N1 in April 2009 marked the first pandemic of the 21st *** this study,we observed significant differences in the polymerase activities of two clinical 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus isolates from Chinese and Japanese *** comparison of the three main protein subunits(PB2,PB1,and PA)of the viral Rna-dependent Rna polymerase complex and subsequent mutational analysis revealed that a single amino acid substitution(E206K)was responsible for the observed impaired replication *** in vitro experiments showed that presence of PAE206K decreased the replication of influenza A/WSN/33 virus in mammalian cells and a reduction in the virus’s pathogenicity in *** studies revealed that PAE206K is a temperature-sensitive mutant associated with the inability to transport PB1–PA complex to the nucleus at high temperature(39.5℃).Hence,this naturally occurring variant in the PA protein represents an ideal candidate mutation for the development of live attenuated influenza vaccines.

关键词： H1N1 Influenza A virus Polymerase acidic protein Point mutation Viral replication

Antigen-induced chimeric antigen receptor multimerization amplifies on-tumor cytotoxicity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 259-270页

作者： Yan Sun Xiu-na Yang Shuang-Shuang Yang Yi-Zhu Lyu Bing Zhang Kai-Wen liu na li jia-Chen Cui Guang-Xiang Huang Cheng-lin liu Jie Xu jian-Qing Mi Zhu Chen Xiao-Hu Fan Sai-Juan Chen Shuo Chen Shanghai Institute of Hematology National Research Center for Translational MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Hematology Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116023China national Facility for Protein Science Shanghai Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Legend Biotech China Nanjing 211112China Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute Shanghai Cancer InstituteState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Wondercel Biotechnology Shenzhen 518052China

ligand-induced receptor dimerization or oligomerization is a widespread mechanism for ensuring communication specificity,safeguarding receptor activation,and facilitating amplification of signal transduction across the cellular ***,cell-surface antigeninduced multimerization(dubbed AIM herein)has not yet been consciously leveraged in chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)engineering for enriching T cell-based *** co-developed ciltacabtagene autoleucel(cilta-cel),whose CAR incorporates two B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted nanobodies in tandem,for treating multiple *** we elucidated a structural and functional model in which BCMA-induced cilta-cel CAR multimerization amplifies myeloma-targeted T cell-mediated *** analysis of BCMA–nanobody complexes revealed atomic details of antigen–antibody hetero-multimerization whilst analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle X-ray scattering characterized interdependent BCMA apposition and CAR juxtaposition in ***-induced nanobody CAR multimerization enhanced cytotoxicity,alongside elevated immune synapse formation and cytotoxicity-mediating cytokine release,towards myeloma-derived *** results provide a framework for contemplating the AIM approach in designing next-generation CARs.

关键词： cytotoxicity Antigen elevated

nanostructured lubricant additives for titanium alloy:Lubrication by the solid-liquid interface with Coulomb repulsion

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1564-1579页

作者： linlin DUAN Dan jia jian li jianfang liU Haitao DUAN State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology Wuhan Research Institute of Materials ProtectionWuhan 430030China Hubei Longzhong Laboratory Xiangyang 441000China College of life Science and Technology Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430030China

In this work,the advantage of Coulomb repulsion in the intermolecular forces experienced by molecules on the solid–liquid nanosized contact interface is taken,and the superior friction-reducing property of Cu_(3)(PO_(4))2·3H_(2)O(CuP)oil-based additives has been confirmed for titanium ***-dimensional(3D)CuP nanoflowers(CuP-Fs)with a strong capillary absorption effect are prepared to achieve the homogeneous mixing of solid CuP and lubricating *** by CuP-Fs additives for titanium alloy,friction coefficient(COF)can be reduced by 73.68%,and wear rate(WR)reduced by 99.69%.It is demonstrated that the extraordinary friction-reducing property is due to the repulsive solid–liquid interface with low viscous shear force originating from Coulomb repulsion between polar water molecules in CuP and non-polar oil ***,any steric hindrance or connection between this repulsive solid–liquid interface will trigger the adhesion and increase the viscous shear force,for example,dispersant,hydrogen bondings,and shaky adsorbed water ***,the lamellar thickness of CuP and the molecular size of lubricant both have a great influence on tribological *** the lubrication mechanism based on interface Coulomb repulsion is proposed that may help broaden the scope of the exploration in low-friction nanomaterial design and new lubricant systems.

关键词： lubrication nanomaterial additive solid-liquid interface wear

Unlocking supercapacitive energy storage potential:Catalyzing electrochemically inactive manganese oxides to active MnO_(2)via heterostructure reconstruction

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nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5897-5906页

作者： Baohong Zhang Tao jiang Xinyan Zhou Xiaoyu Fan Binbin jia lidong li School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion MaterialsChinaThree Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China Shanghai GTX Semiconductor Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201806China

Advancing supercapacitor system performance hinges on the innovation of novel electrode materials seamlessly integrated within distinct ***,we introduce a direct approach for crafting nanorod arrays featuring crystalline/amorphous CuO/MnO_(2)−*** reconfigured heterostructure results in an elevated content of electrochemically active MnO_(2).The nanorod arrays serve as efficient capacitive anodes and are easily prepared via low-potential electrochemical *** resulting structure spontaneously forms a p–n heterojunction,developing a built-in electric field that dramatically facilitates the charge transport *** intrinsic electric field,in conjunction with the crystalline/amorphous architecture,enables a large capacitance of 1.0 F·cm^(−2)at 1.0 mA·cm^(−2),an ultrahigh rate capability of approximately 85.4%at 15 mA·cm^(−2),and stable cycling performance with 92.4%retention after 10,000 *** calculations reveal that the presence of heterojunctions allows for the optimization of the electronic structure of this composite,leading to improved conductivity and optimized OH−adsorption *** work provides new insights into the rational design of heterogeneous nanostructures,which hold great potential in energy storage applications.

关键词： reconfiguration active MnO_(2) crystalline/amorphous structure p-n heterojunction supercapacitor

Spatial and temporal variation of water clarity in typical reservoirs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region observed by GF1-WFV satellite data

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JOURnaL OF OCEANOLOGY AND liMNOLOGY 2024年第4期42卷 1-13页

作者： Cao, Chang li, Junsheng jia, Xiaodong Wang, Shenglei Wan, Bo liaoning Earthquake Agcy Shenyang 11000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Key Lab Digital Earth Sci Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Int Res Ctr Big Data Sustainable Dev Goals Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Rapidly monitoring regional water quality and the changing trend is of great practical and scientific significance, especially for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China where water resources are relatively scarce and inland water bodies are generally small. The remote sensing data of the GF1 satellite launched in 2013 have characteristics of high spatial and temporal resolution, which can be used for the dynamic monitoring of the water environment in small lakes and reservoirs. However, the water quality remote sensing monitoring model based on the GF1 satellite data for lakes and reservoirs in BTH is still lacking because of the considerable differences in the optical characteristics of the lakes and reservoirs. In this paper, the typical reservoirs in BTH-Guanting Reservoir, Yuqiao Reservoir, Panjiakou Reservoir, and Daheiting Reservoir are taken as the study areas. In the atmospheric correction of GF1-WFV, the relative radiation normalized atmospheric correction was adopted after comparing with other methods, such as 6S and FLAASH. In the water clarity retrieval, a water color hue angle based model was proposed and outperformed other available published models, with the R2 of 0.74 and MRE of 31.7%. The clarity products of the four typical reservoirs in the BTH region in 2013-2019 were produced using the GF1-WFV data. Based on the products, temporal and spatial changes in clarity were analyzed, and the main influencing factors for each water body were discussed. It was found that the clarity of Guanting, Daheiting, and Panjiakou reservoirs showed an upward trend during this period, while that of Yuqiao Reservoir showed a downward trend. In the influencing factors, the water level of the water bodies can be an important factor related to the water clarity changes in this region.

关键词： GF1 satellite atmospheric correction clarity Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei spatial and temporal change analysis AUTOMATIC RADIOMETRIC NORMAliZATION LONG-TERM MODIS LAKE CLASSIFICATION MERIS MAD