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连续化肥减量配施有机肥提升植烟土壤肥力质量的综合评价

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第1期 70-78页

作者：余顺平熊于斌廖涛张诗卿汤利李少明云南农业大学资源与环境学院云南昆明650201 农业农村部云南耕地保育科学观测实验站云南昆明650201

为准确评价连续多年化肥减量配施有机肥料对烤烟产量及植烟土壤综合肥力质量的影响,探究植烟土壤质量提升与烤烟绿色优质协同的化肥减量有机替代技术。以长期定位试验的第7年数据为基础,运用因子分析法、相关系数法、内梅罗指数法,对不... 详细信息

为准确评价连续多年化肥减量配施有机肥料对烤烟产量及植烟土壤综合肥力质量的影响,探究植烟土壤质量提升与烤烟绿色优质协同的化肥减量有机替代技术。以长期定位试验的第7年数据为基础,运用因子分析法、相关系数法、内梅罗指数法,对不施肥(CK)、当地推荐常规施肥(100%化肥,CF)、化肥减量20%配施有机肥(OF)和配施生物有机肥(BIO)4个处理的土壤肥力质量进行综合评价,并采用随机森林回归分析,探讨各土壤单项肥力指标对烤烟产量的解释度。结果表明,在连续7年化肥减量20%条件下,配施有机肥和生物有机肥均能降低烤烟青枯病和黑胫病的发病率和病情指数,提高烤烟经济性状、产量可持续性与稳定性,提高植烟土壤养分含量和土壤肥力综合质量。随机森林分析表明,植烟土壤有效磷、碱解氮、全氮是影响烤烟产量的决定因素,其解释率分别为19.66%、15.38%、12.07%。在3种评价方法下,植烟土壤综合肥力指数IFI值均表现为BIO>OF>CF>CK,BIO和OF处理较CF处理分别提高23.03%~31.75%和4.92%~7.94%。3种评价方法的IFI值与烤烟相对产量均呈显著或极显著正相关关系,相关系数大小依次为内梅罗指数法(0.884)>因子分析法(0.867)>相关系数法(0.747)。因此,连续多年化肥减量配施不同有机肥具有提高植烟土壤综合肥力质量和烤烟产量及质量的持续效应,且以化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥的效果最优。

关键词：化肥减量植烟土壤综合肥力质量评价内梅罗指数法因子分析法相关系数法

非常规油气开采压裂用减阻剂的研究现状及展望

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科学技术与工程 2024年第17期24卷 7014-7023页

作者：李亭何美琪李少明吴清苗赵佳乐长江大学石油工程学院武汉430100 油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室(长江大学) 武汉430100 中石化江汉油田石油工程技术研究院武汉430100

为降低压裂施工摩阻,提高非常规储层的压裂改造效果,在系统调研国内外关于压裂用减阻剂文献的基础上,综述了减阻剂的类型和减阻机理,分析了减阻性能的影响因素,介绍了减阻剂的现场应用情况和减阻剂主要存在的问题,并提出了减阻剂未来的... 详细信息

为降低压裂施工摩阻,提高非常规储层的压裂改造效果,在系统调研国内外关于压裂用减阻剂文献的基础上,综述了减阻剂的类型和减阻机理,分析了减阻性能的影响因素,介绍了减阻剂的现场应用情况和减阻剂主要存在的问题,并提出了减阻剂未来的发展方向。结果表明:目前常用的减阻剂主要存在成本高、性能不稳定、减阻机理不明确的问题;低成本、对储层伤害低、减阻性能高效的多功能型纳米复合减阻剂将是未来减阻剂研究的重点和热点。通过对减阻剂的全面研究,可为目前减阻剂性能的提升、新型减阻剂的研发和非常规油气的开采提供可行性的帮助。

关键词：压裂减阻剂减阻机理纳米复合综述

Phytotoxicity and groundwater impacts of leaching from thermal treatment residues in roadways

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第1期30卷 58-67页

作者： Khamphe Phoungthong li-ming shao Pin-Jing He Hua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse Tongji University Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji University Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PR China (MOHURD)

The use of coal fly ash（CFA）, municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash（MSWIBA） and flue gas desulfurization residue（FGDR） in road construction has become very common owing to its economical advantages. However, these residues may contain toxic constituents that pose an environmental risk if they leach out and flow through the soil, surface water and ***, it is necessary to assess the ecotoxicity and groundwater impact of these residues before decisions can be made regarding their utilization for road construction. In this study,the physico-chemical characteristics, leaching and phytotoxicity of these residues were investigated. Specifically, multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the leaching constituents of the CFA, MSWIBA and FGDR leachates to the germination index of wheat seeds. B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb were found to be more toxic to the wheat seeds than the other heavy metals. Furthermore, the leached concentrations of the constituents from the CFA, MSWIBA and FGDR were below the regulatory threshold limits of the Chinese identification standard for hazardous wastes. Analyses conducted using a numerical groundwater model（Wisc LEACH） indicated that the predicted field concentrations of metals from the CFA, MSWIBA and FGDR increased with time up to about 30 years at the point of compliance, then decreased with time and distance. Overall, this study demonstrated that the risks resulting from MSWIBA, CFA and FGDR leaching could be assessed before its utilization for road construction, providing crucial information for the adoption of these alternative materials.

关键词： Thermal treatment residues Bottom ash Flue gas desulfurization residue Heavy metals Phytotoxicity Groundwater impact

A comparison of chemical MSW compositional data between China and Denmark

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 1-10页

作者： Na Yang ANDers Damgaard Charlotte Scheutz li-ming shao Pin-Jing He Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences Shenzhen 518001 China Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Chemical waste compositions are important for municipal solid waste management, as they determine the pollution potentials from different waste strategies. A representative dataset for chemical characteristics of individual waste fractions is frequently required to assess chemical waste composition, but it is usually reported in developed countries and not in developing countries. In this study, a dataset for Chinese waste was established through careful data screening and assessment, named as CN dataset. Meanwhile, a dataset for Danish waste（DK dataset） was also summarized based on previous studies. In order to quantitatively evaluate the reliabilities of CN and DK datasets, the chemical waste compositions in four Chinese cities were estimated by utilizing both of them, respectively. It is indicated that the usage of CN datasets led to significantly lower discrepancies from the actual values based on laboratory analysis in most cases. Within the datasets, the moisture contents of food waste, paper, textiles, and plastics, the carbon content of food waste, as well as the oxygen content of plastics would induce significant divergences, which should be paid special attention when gathering the information. In addition, the fractional waste compositions in China showed similar features with other developing countries but differ significantly with developed countries. Thus the above-mentioned conclusions could also be true in other developing countries.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Chemical composition Moisture content Water diffusion Consumption and dietary habits Estimation method

Signifying quantum uncertainty relations by optimal observable sets and the tightest uncertainty constants

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 43-50页

作者： Xiao-Bin liang Bo li shao-ming Fei School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001China Quantum Information Research Center Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001China School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

Quantum uncertainty relations constrain the precision of measurements across multiple non-commuting quantum mechanical ***,we introduce the concept of optimal observable sets and define the tightest uncertainty constants to accurately describe these measurement *** any quantum state,we establish optimal sets of three observables for both product and summation forms of uncertainty relations,and analytically derive the corresponding tightest uncertainty *** demonstrate that the optimality of these sets remains consistent regardless of the uncertainty relation ***,the existence of the tightest constants excludes the validity of standard real quantum mechanics,underscoring the essential role of complex numbers in this ***,our findings resolve the conjecture posed in[***.118,180402(2017)],offering novel insights and potential applications in understanding preparation uncertainties.

关键词： uncertainty relation the tightest uncertainty constants optimal observable sets

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Deposition of thin TiO_(2)films on fluorophlogopite particle surface by CVD in fluidized bed reactor to prepare silver pearlescent pigments

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 88-98页

作者： ming liu Guoqiang shao Pengpeng Lv Jun li Qingshan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Two critical parameters:Glossiness and chromaticity space of pearlescent pigments were evaluated based on crystallinity and grain *** the roughness and the vertical distance evolution along the surface of deposited TiO_(2)film are affected by the *** optimal crystallinity of TiO_(2)was deposited at the temperature of 350℃.The TiCl4 concentration effectively changed the grain ***,the high flow rate of fluidizing gas and optimal gas–solid ratio(ling the film thickness based on TiO_(2)***,the silver pearlescent pigment with high glossiness was prepared by chemical vapor deposition method in a fluidized bed reactor.

关键词： Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition TiO_(2)film deposition Pearlescent pigment Free powder restrain Crystal growth

Kinetics and fractionation of hydrogen isotopes during gas formation from representative functional groups

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1021-1032页

作者： Shuang-Fang Lu Guo-Qi Feng ming-li shao Ji-Jun li Hai-Tao Xue Min Wang Fang-Wen Chen Wen-Biao li Xiao-Ting Pang aResearch Institute of Unconventional Oil&Gas and New Energy China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China Exploitation and Development Research Institude of Jilin Oilfield Company CNPCSongyuanJilin138000China

A gold tube simulation device was used to study the cleavage of representative compounds into *** goal of this study is to investigate hydrogen isotope composition change of gaseous hydrocarbons during *** chromatography and isotopic analyses were conducted to determine how the yield of natural gas components and their hydrogen isotopic composition were related to experimental temperature and heating rate.A chemical kinetic model for the generation of each component of the natural gas and for the hydrogen isotopic fractionation was established and calibrated based on the *** indicate that the hydrogen isotopic fractionation during the evolution of various gas-forming organic materials can be satisfactorily described by chemical kinetic *** regular methane generation,the reactions at low-activation-energy region had a greater contribution than the high-activation-energy *** the reactions with high-activation-energy region had greater contribution of deuterium-rich *** with carbon isotope fractionation,this results in a greater hydrogen isotopic fractionation,which is more sensitive to changes in *** study lays a foundation for further investigations of genesis and maturity of natural gas provided by hydrogen isotopic *** also provides fundamental knowledge for investigating the filling history of natural gas reservoir and for identifying.

关键词： Gas-forming compounds Pyrolysis Hydrogen isotopes Fractionation Chemical kinetics

Distribution of oxide inclusions in H13 castings under super-gravity field with multi-stage rotation speeds

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 121-133页

作者： shao-ying li Xiao-jun Xi Xing-ming Zhao Han-jie Guo Jing Guo School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials Beijing100083China Beijing Beiye Functional Materials Corporation Beijing100192China Shandong Tianwu Forming Technology Co. Ltd.Liaocheng252024ShandongChina

The 42 kg industrial H13 castings were prepared by different super-gravity fields with multi-rotation speeds,and the distribution of oxide inclusions in the castings was *** addition,the inward movement Reynolds number and inward movement time of oxide inclusions as well as the solidification time of molten steel at different positions in the castings were calculated to clarify the removal mechanism of oxide inclusions in super-gravity *** results show that the large size(i.e.,greater than 10μm)oxide inclusions are mainly concentrated in the inner and outer parts of the super-gravity castings with constant rotation speed(500 r min^(-1))and five-stage rotation speeds(500,600,750,850,and 950 r min^(-1)),respectively,while there are no large oxide inclusions in the super-gravity castings with three-stage rotation speeds(500,600,and 750 r min^(-1)).Although an increase in the particle size of inclusion and the rotation speed in super-gravity field is conducive to the increase in the inward movement Reynolds number of oxide inclusions and reduction in the inward movement time of oxide inclusions,it will reduce the local solidification time of molten *** the range of the rotation speed studied,the super-gravity field with three-stage rotation speeds has the best effect on the removal of inclusions in H13 molten steel.

关键词： Distribution Oxide inclusion H13 casting Super-gravity field Rotation speed

Electrochemical Reduction of Benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-Dioxides with HFIP as Hydrogen Donor

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 585-591页

作者： ming-Zhong Guo Mei-Jin Mou Zhuo Chen shao-Fei Ni ming li li-Rong Wen lin-Bao Zhang State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science & TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042 China Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063 China

A straightforward electrochemical reduction of benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxides with HFIP as the hydrogen donor has been reported in an undivided cell under metal-free ***,the tolerance of various functional groups and ... 详细信息

关键词： Electrochemistry Reduction Benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxides Deuterium Hydrogen source