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Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 78-87页

作者： XIANG CaiFu1,2.TANG liangJie1,2.li RuFeng1,2.& PANG XiongQi1,2.1 {2. and reservoir Research center,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,China 2.State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,China 1. basin and reservoir Research {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and sa{2.nity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low sa{2.nity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Cal

关键词： Majiang ancient oil reservoir episodic fluid flow marine carbonate rocks superimposed basin

Free Radicals in Organic Matter for Thermal History Reconstruction of Carbonate Succession

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第4期81卷 605-613页

作者： QIU Nansheng li Huili JIN Zhijun and ZHU Yinkang 1 State Key Laboratory of {2. Resource and Prospecting,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4. 2.basin and reservoir Research center,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4. 3 Institute of {2. Exploration and Development,SINOPEC,beijing 100083 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China Universityof Petroleum Beijing 102249

Geothermometer is one of the most useful methods to reconstruct the thermal history of sedimentary basins. This paper introduces the application of free radicals concentration of organic matter as a thermal indicator in the thermal history reconstruction of carbonate succession, based on anhydrous thermal simulation results of type I and H1 kerogen. A series of free radicals data are obtained under thermal simulation of different heating temperatures and times, and quantitative modds between free radical concentration （Ng） of organic matter and time-temperature index （TTI） for types I and type H1 kerogen are also obtained. This *** relation was used to model the Ordovician thermal gradients of Well TZ12.in the Tarim basin. The modeling result is corresponding to the results obtained by apatite fission track data and published data. This new method of thermal history reconstruction will be benefit to the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation study and resource assessment of carbonate succession.

关键词： carbonate succession geothermometer free radicals of organic matter apatite fission track thermal history

Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,li JingYe2.3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC,China petroleum {2.,beijing 102.4.,China 2.basin & reservoir Research center,China petroleum {2.,beijing 102.4.,China 3 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,China 4 Research center of CNOOC,beijing 10002.,China 1. Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 3. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. basin & reservoir Research {2. China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 4. Research center of CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic app{2.cation in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconso{2.dated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amp{2.tude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amp{2.tude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical mode{2.ng study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in estab{2.shing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

petroleum Migration Direction of the Silurian Paleo-pools in the Tarim basin, Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第1期82卷 174-183页

作者： liU Luofu ZHAO Yande HUO Hong CHEN lixin CHEN Yuanzhuang ZHAO Suping li Chao li Shuangwen GUO Yongqiang li Yan Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the China university of petroleum,Ministry of Education basin and reservoir Research center, China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4., China Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the China university of petroleum Ministry of Education basin and reservoir Research {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China *Correspondence: liU Luofu *Correspondence: E-mail: Iiulf@***

The results obtained in this paper indicate that carbazole-type compounds have high thermal stability and also show stability in oxidation and bio-degradation. This kind of compounds still has a high concentration and complete distribution in the analyzed dry asphalt samples, showing that they are particularly useful in studying {2. migration of paleo-pool. During the basin＇s first-stage of oil-gas pool formation in the Silurian in Tazhong and Tabei areas of Tarim basin （at the end of Silurian period） and the second-stage in the Awati area （in Permian）, the {2. experienced a long-distance migration. During the formation of the Silurian paleo-pools in Tazhong Uplift at the end of Silurian, the {2. mainly came from the lower and middle Cambrian source rocks in the Manjiaer sag. The {2. migrated towards the southwest-south entering the Silurian reservoir beds in Tazhong first. Then, it further migrated within Silurian from northwest to southeast along the highs of the Structural Belts to the region of the Silurian pinchout boundary in Tazhong. In Tabei Uplift, during the first-stage of pool formation, the {2. was also from the lower and middle Cambrian source rocks in the Manjiaer sag. It migrated northwest entering the Silurian reservoir beds in the Tabei Uplift firstly, and then the migration continued in the same direction within the Silurian reservoirs and finally the {2. was trapped in higher positions. During the second-stage pool formation in the Silurian beds in the areas around Awati sag, the {2. mainly came from the lower-middle Cambrian source rocks in the Awati sag. The {2. migrated from the generation center to Silurian reservoirs in all directions around the sag through major paths, and the {2. was finally trapped in higher locations.

关键词： nitrogen pyrrolic compound carbazole petroleum migration Paleo-poois Silurian Tarim basin

Formation mechanisms of heavy oils in the liaohe Western Depression,Bohai Gulf basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 156-169页

作者： li sumei1,2.PANG XiongQi1,2.liU KeYu3,GAO XianZhi1,2.li XiaoGuang4,CHEN ZhenYan4 & liU BaoHong41 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China university of Petroleam,beijing 102.4.,China 2.basin and reservoir Research center,China{12.,beijing 102.4.,China 3 CSIRO petroleum,P.O. Box 1130,Bentley WA 6102.Australia 4 liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd,PetroChina,Panjin 12.010,China 1. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleam Beijing 102249 China2. Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China3. CSIRO Petroleum P.O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia4. Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

The liaohe Oilfield in the liaohe Western Depression of the Bohai Gulf {2. is the third-largest oil producing province and the largest heavy oil producing oilfield in China. A total of 65 oil samples,35 rock samples and 36 reservoir sandstone samples were collected and analyzed utilizing conventional geochemical and biogeochemical approaches to unravel the mechanisms of the formation of the heavy oils. Investigation of the oils with the lowest maturity compared with the oils in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo oilfields indicates no apparent relation between the maturity and physical properties of the heavy oils. It is suggested that the heavy oil with primary origin is not likely the main mechanism re-sponsible for the majority of the heavy oils in the liaohe Western Slope. The absence and/or depletion of n-alkanes etc.,with relatively low molecular weight and the occurrence of 2.-norhopane series in the heavy oils as well as the relatively high acidity of the oils all suggest that the majority of the heavy oils once experienced secondary alteration. The fingerprints of the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) of the inner adsorbed hydrocarbons on the reservoir grains and the included hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions are similar to that of the normal oils in the area but are different from the outer adsorbed and reser-voired free oils at present,further indicating that most of the heavy oils are secondary in origin. Analyses of bacteria (microbes) in 7 oil samples indicate that anaerobic and hyperthermophilic Ar-chaeoglobus sp. are the dominant microbes relevant to oil biodegradation,which coincides with the shallow commercial gas reservoirs containing anaerobic bacteria derived gas in the Gaosheng and Leijia teotonic belts. The biodegradation most likely occurs at the water/oil interface,where the forma-tion water is essential for microbe removal and nutrient transportation. We think that biodegradation,water washing and oxidization are interrelated and are the main mech

关键词： heavy oil liaohe Western Depression biodegradation water washing formation mechanism

Wave characteristics and tectonic-sedimentation evolution of foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 70-77页

作者： li RuFeng1,2.3,GUO TongLou4,CHEN GuoFei1 & ZHANG GangXiong1 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China{2.,beijing 102.4.,China 2.Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,China{2.,Ministry of Education,beijing 102.4.,China 3 basin and reservoir Research center,China{2.,beijing 102.4.,China 4 SINOPEC Southern E & P Company,Chengdu 610041,China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China [

In this paper,the technology of wave process method for sedimentation is first adopted in the research of the foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain with respect of oil and reservoir’s formation and tectonic and sedimentary evolution. From the fluctuation characteristics,we could make conclusions in the foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain that,there existed 2.first-order sedimentary cycles (2.0 Ma),corresponding to Caledonian-Hercynian and Indo-Chinese-Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic cycles respec-tively; there existed 4 second-order sedimentary cycles (10 Ma),corresponding to two sedimentation peak period and two denudation peak periods in research zone; there existed 12.third-order sedimen-tary cycles (35 Ma) and 2. fourth-sedimentary cycles (2. Ma). These 33 cycles in the research zone corresponded to the sedimentation-denudation process in different periods,furthermore,their fluctua-tion characteristics bore the genetic relationship with the development law of source,reservoir and cap rocks: the source rock had the tendency to develop at the turning part between wave crest and wave trough,or at the superposition of wave turning part in different periods,presenting {2.ke "X"; most res-ervoir rocks developed at the place of wave peak; the development of cap rock was located in the wave trough on the right of sedimentation-denudation datum {2.ne. As a result,through the app{2.cation of wave process method for sedimentation,we could rediscover the understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution from another prospective,meanwhile,it enables to make prediction about the development rule of source,reservoir and cap rocks,which means a significant importance to the re-search of oil and reservoir’s forming condition.

关键词： foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain sedimentation wave process wave cycle tectonic and sedimentary evolution forming condition

Main progress and problems in research on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Tian Jun Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxue li sumei basin and reservoir Research {2. School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The Tarim basin is the largest petroliferous basin in the northwest of China, and is composed of a Paleozoic marine craton basin and a Meso-Cenozoic continental foreland basin. It is of great significance in exploration of Ordovician. In over 50 years of exploration, oil and gas totaling over 1.6 billion tonnes oil-equivalent has been discovered in the Ordovician carbonate formation. The accumulation mechanisms and distribution rules are quite complicated because of the burial depth more than 3,500 m, multi-source, and multi-stage accumulation, adjustment, reconstruction and re-enrichment in Ordovician. In this paper, we summarized four major advances in the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. First, oil came from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks separately and as a mixture, while natural gas was mainly cracked gas generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician crude oil. Second, most hydrocarbon migrated along unconformities and faults, with different directions in different regions. Third, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation had four periods： Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan, and the latter two were the most important for oil and gas exploration. Fourth, hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution can be generally divided into four stages： Caledonian （the period of hydrocarbon accumulation）, early Hercynian （the period of destruction）, late Hercynian （the period of hydrocarbon reconstruction and re-accumulation）, and Himalayan （the period of hydrocarbon adjustment and re-accumulation）. Source rocks （S）, combinations of reservoir-seal （C）, paleo-uplifts （M）, structure balance belt （B） matched in the same time （T） control the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Ordovician formations. reservoir adjustment and reconstruction can be classified into two modes of physical adjustment and variation of chemical compositions and five mechanisms. These mechanisms are occurrence displacement, biodegradat

关键词： Tarim basin carbonate reservoirs oil and gas exploration of the Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism hydrocarbon enrichment rule

Purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing

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petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 31-36页

作者： li Jingye Chen Xiaohong Zhao Wei Zhang Yunpeng Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism Ministry of Education China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249 China basin ＆ reservoir Research {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China School of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research center of CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

In China, most oil fields are continental sedimentation with strong heterogeneity, which on one side makes the reservoir prospecting and development more difficult, but on the other side provides more space for searching residual oil in matured fields. Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring technique is one of most important techniques to define residual oil distribution. According to the demand for and development of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring in China, purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing was studied. The four key steps in purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing, including amplitude-preserved processing with relative consistency, rebinning, match filtering and difference calculation, were analyzed by combining theory and real seismic data processing. Meanwhile, quality control during real time-lapse seismic processing was emphasized.

关键词： Time-lapse seismic purposeless repeated acquisition rebinning match filtering amplitude-preserved processing

Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2.PANG XiongQi1,2.liU LuoFu1,2.WANG XianDong3,ZHANG Jun4 & li HongYi1,2.1 {2. and reservoir Research center,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,China 2.State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,China 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing 163712.China 4 petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC,beijing 100083,China China Univ Petr Basin & Reservoir Res Ctr Beijing 102249 Peoples R China China Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd Res Inst Explorat & Dev Daqing 163712 Peoples R China SINOPEC Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The evolution of Tarim basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The ear{2.er reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.30×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing {2.thology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was {2.ttle hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim basin.

关键词： Tarim basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient