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Evolution of desertification in a two-dimensional energy balance model coupled with thermodynamics and dynamics

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1726-1733页

作者： CHAO JiPing1,2.& li YaoKun3,4 1National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China 2.1} {2. of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 2.6061, China 3state Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, {2. of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., China 4Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing China first institute of {2. State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China state Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The relationship between desert evolution and change in albedo has been investigated quasi-analytically using a zonal mean two-dimensional energy balance model which considers the radiation transmission process due to thermodynamics and bound- ary layer movement caused by kinetics. A climate state including temperature, zonal wind, meridional wind and vertical wind can be simulated according to the current zonal distribution of albedo. Given desert distribution, characterized by the value and distribution of albedo, the response of climate on albedo has been studied to analyze the evolution of desert climate. One significant result is that the simple model can reproduce mean meridional circulation. Another result indicates that climate corresponds to two equilibria. This happens when the junction temperature between vegetation and desert is higher than a certain critical value. As for the first equilibrium, the desert belt is predicted to move southward in the northern hemisphere with the increasing values of albedo, which corresponds to the current trend of climate change. For the second equilibrium, vegetation will expand northward with increasing values of albedo, which would indicate a narrowing of the desert belt. In order to determine if the two equilibria exist, new physical models are needed.

关键词： two-dimensional energy balance model desertification two equilibria

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Coastal erosion in China under the condition of global climate change and measures for its prevention

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第4期19卷 415-426页

作者： Feng Caia, Xianze Su a, Jianhui liub, Bing li b, Gang Lei a a Third {2. of oceanography state oceanic administration, Xiamen 361005, China b College of Marine Geo-Science, Ocean University of China, qingdao 2.6003, China Third institute of oceanography{2. Xiamen 361005 China College of Marine Geo-Science Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

The general characteristics of coastal erosion in China are described in terms of the regional geography, the form of erosion, the causes of erosion, and the challenges we are facing. The paper highlights the relationship between coastal erosion and sea level rises, storm waves and tides, and the influence of global climate changes on coastal erosion along the coastal zone of China. The response of the risk of coastal erosion in China to climate changes has obvious regional diversity. Research into and the forecasting of the effects of climate changes on coastal erosion are systemic work involving the natural environment, social economy, and alongshore engineering projects in the global system. Facing global warming and continual enhancement of coastal erosion, suggestions for basic theoretical study, prevention technology, management system assurance, and strengthening the legal system are presented here.

关键词： Global climate changes Sea level rise Coastal erosion China

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Sporopollen analysis of Core B10 in the southern Yellow Sea and the reflected characteristics of climate changes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第B6期48卷 42-48页

作者： FU Mingzuo~(1,2.3), li Zhen~1, XU Xiaowei~1 & SHl Xuefa~1 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, first {2. of oceanography. state oceanic administration, qingdao 2.6061. China 2. {2. of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, qingdao 2.6071. China 3. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039. China Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Eight sporopollen zones have been divided based on the results of high-resolution sporopollen analysis of Core B10 in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on the results along with ^14C datings and the subbottom profiling data,climatic and environmental changes since the last stage of late Pleistocene are discussed. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the vegetation evolved in the process of coniferous forest-grassland containing broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest→coniferons and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by coniferous trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland containing evergreen broad-leaved trees→coniferons and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by broadleaved trees→deciduous broad-leaved forest-meadow containing evergreen broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest containing evergreen broad-leaved trees; (2. eight stages of climate changes are identified as the cold and dry stage, the temperate and wet stage, the cold and dry stage, the warm and dry stage, the temperate and wet stage, the hot and dry stage, the temperate and dry stage, then the warm and dry stage in turn; (3) the sedimentary environment developed from land,to littoral zone, to land again, then to shore-neritic zone; and (4) the Yellow Sea Warm Current formed during early-Holocene rather than Atlantic stage.

关键词：中国黄海气候变化碳14年代测定底基压型数据更新世沉积环境大西洋

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Discussion on Coastal Erosion Near Xizhuang, Penglai, China

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China Ocean Engineering 1994年第2期9卷 231-236页

作者： Wu Guiqiu li Wei Professor, first {2. of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 2.6003 Associate Researcher, Department of Physical oceanography, {2. of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, qingdao 2.6071

-In this work, on the basis of the characteristics of coastal erosion near Xizhuang (Penglai, Shandong, China) and the in-situ measured data and theoretical calculation, the causes of coastal erosion there are obtained: (1) natural erosion, (2. beach sand borrowing, and (3) sand borrowing at the Dengzhou shoal near Xizhuang, which results in the loss of the function of the wave force resistance of the shoal. Since the wave energy is increased, the longshore sediment transport rate is increased. Coastal erosions are more and more serious. A scientific basis to reduced the calamity of coastal erosion in local area is presented. Some experiences are accumulated for studying coastal erosion.

关键词： erosion wave shoal section coastline sediment

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Depositional environment in the southern Ulleung Basin,East Sea(Sea of Japan),during the last 48000 years

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 52-64页

作者： liU Yanguang SHA Longbin SHI Xuefa SUK Bong-Chool li Chaoxin WANG Kunshan li Xiaoyan Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Department of Geography East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China South Sea Research institute Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute （KORDI） Geoje 656-830 Korea

The present study is based on the sedimentological data from a piston core KCES1 off the southern Ulleung Basin margin,the East Sea（Sea of Japan）.The data include sediment color（L^＊）,X-ray radiographs,grain size distribution and AMS^14C *** kinds of sediments（homogeneous,laminated,crudely laminated and hybrid sediments） are identified according to the characters of the sedimentary structures that were considered to reflect changes in bottom-water *** of dark laminated/crudely laminated sediments and light homogeneous sediments represent millennial-scale variations that are possibly associated with the high-resolution changes in the East Asian monsoon（EAM）.The relative contributions of the East China Sea Coastal Water（ECSCW） and the Tsushima Warm Current（TWC） were likely the main reasons for the repetition of the anoxic and oxic depositional conditions in the East Sea since the last 48 ka *** the interstadial,the strengthen summer EAM was attributed to the expansion of the ECSCW because of more humid climate in central Asia,and then more strongly low-salinity,nutrient-enriched water was introduced into the East *** ventilation of deep water was restricted and therefore the dark laminated layer deposited under the anoxic bottom water *** the lowest stand of sea level in the last glacial maximum（LGM）,the isolated East Sea dominated by stratified water masses and the euxinic depositional environment *** homogenous sediments have been predominating since 17.5 ka BP indicating that the TWC has intruded into the East Sea gradually with the stepwise rise of sea level and the bottom water oxygen level was *** the late Younger Dryas（YD） period,the last dark laminated layer deposited because the ventilation of bottom water was restricted by stronger summer *** TWC strengthened and the bottom water became oxic again from 10.5 ka BP.

关键词： East Sea depositional environment East Asian monsoon Tsushima Warm Current

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POTENTIAL APPliCATION FOREGROUND OF OCEAN MODE IN NAVY oceanography

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 78-83页

作者： Cui, Mao-Chang Qiao, Fang-li Zhu, Hai Guo, Bing-Huo Inst. of Oceanology Chinese Acad. of Sci. Qingdao 266071 China

Ocean mode (or quasigeostrophic wave) analysis is one of the key data processing technique in oceanic acoustic tomography experiment. A primary study on its application foreground in Navy {2. is put forward with CTD data and Carton oceanic assimilation data. It shows that the sound speed mode is not well orthogonal to each other, so that it is practically no use. However, the current mode calculated from the CTD data collected in summer as the position with weak stochastic processes and strong geostrophic balance is well orthogonal to each other, it can be used everywhere in the ocean of the similar water mass at any time as long as the basic condition serves. It can be used for decomposition and reconstruction of dynamic or quasi-dynamic factors such as seawater temperature, from which and average of salinity the sound speed profile can be composed. It also shows that the monthly James Carton assimilation data is well consistent with observation ones in subsurface layer in the region with weak current speed but not well below subsurface layer or near the Kuroshio in the western Pacific. By running a nested ocean general circulation model with adjusted vertical eddy diffusivity to do data assimilation again and applying current mode analysis to reconstruct or compose related factors, it is hopefully possible to improve the precision and space resolution of the oceanic assimilation data. So that, it is definitely possible to obtain the three dimensional high resolution distribution of ocean sound speed in real time with the satellite SST and surface wind fields only.

关键词： Data processing Real time systems Speed Temperature Tomography

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非线性共轭梯度法在东海黑潮流计算中的应用

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海洋学报 2003年第6期25卷 31-38页

作者：陈红霞袁业立刘娜曲媛媛海洋环境与数值模拟国家海洋局重点实验室

基于现有的几种海流计算方法,根据与P矢量法相同的动力特性和内在假设,对海流计算提出了一种简单、高效、易扩展、适用范围广的新方法:非线性共轭梯度法.利用1989年4月以来的"中日黑潮合作调查研究"6个航次的CTD资料,对东海黑潮流区域... 详细信息

基于现有的几种海流计算方法,根据与P矢量法相同的动力特性和内在假设,对海流计算提出了一种简单、高效、易扩展、适用范围广的新方法:非线性共轭梯度法.利用1989年4月以来的"中日黑潮合作调查研究"6个航次的CTD资料,对东海黑潮流区域应用非线性共轭梯度法进行了海流计算.通过与船载ADCP实测结果比较表明,非线性共轭梯度法是可行的.

关键词：非线性共轭梯度法东海黑潮流海流计算

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Establishment of trophic continuum in the food web of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecosystem: Insight from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

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Science China(life Sciences) 2005年第6期48卷 531-539页

作者： CAI Deling1, li Hongyan2. TANG Qisheng3 & SUN Yao3 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology & Environment Geology, SOA, {2. institute of oceanography, state oceanic administration, qingdao 2.6061, China 2. Ocean University of China, qingdao 2.6003, China 3. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, qingdao 2.6071, China Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology & Environment Geology SOA First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) are used to study the trophic structure of food web in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecosystem. The trophic con-tinuum of pelagic food web from phytoplankton to top preyer was elementarily established, and a trophic structure diagram in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea was outlined in combination with carbon isotopic data of benthic organisms, which is basically consistent with and makes some improvements on the simplified Yellow Sea food web and the trophic structure diagram drawn based on the biomass of main resource population during 1985―1986. This result indicates that the stable isotope method is a potential useful means for further studying the complete marine food web trophic continuum from viruses to top predators and food web stability.

关键词： food web, trophic continuum, carbon isotope, nitrogen isotope, Yellow Sea, East China Sea.

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Numerical study of M_2.internal tide generation and propagation in the Luzon Strait

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第5期30卷 23-32页

作者： li Huan SONG Dan CHEN Xueen QIAN Hongbao MU lin SONG Jun National Marine Data and Information Service State Oceanic Administration Tianjin 300171 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Administrative Center for China＇s Agenda 2. Beijing 100038 China

Based on the z-coordinate ocean model HAMSOM,we introduced the internal-tide viscosity term and applied the model to numerically investigate the M2.internal tide generation and propagation in the Luzon Strait （LS）.The results show that （1） in the upper 2.0 m depth,at the thermocline,the maximum amplitude of the generated internal tides in the LS can reach 40 m;（2. the major internal tides are generated to the northwest of Itbayat Island,the southwest of Batan Island and the northwest of the Babuyan Islands;（3） during the propagation the baroclinic energy scattering and reflection is obvious,which exists under the effect of the specific topography in the South China Sea （SCS）;（4） the westward-propagating internal tides are divided into two branches entering the *** passing through 118 E,the major branch is divided into two branches *** strongest internal tides in the LS are generated to the northwest of Itbayat Island and propagate northeastward to the ***,to the east of 12. E,most of the internal tides propagate southeastward to the Pacific as a beam.

关键词： M2.internal tides HAMSOM Internal tidal energy flux Luzon Strait

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南黄海浮游植物季节性变化的数值模拟与影响因子分析

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海洋学报 2004年第6期26卷 74-88页

作者：胡好国万振文袁业立国家海洋局第一海洋研究所

用三维物理-生物耦合模式研究南黄海浮游植物(以叶绿素a为指标)的季节变化.对于物理模式采用Princetonoceanmodel(POM),对于生物模式考虑溶解无机营养盐(氮、磷、硅)、浮游植物、食草性浮游动物和碎屑.给定已知的初始场和外加边界强迫,... 详细信息

用三维物理-生物耦合模式研究南黄海浮游植物(以叶绿素a为指标)的季节变化.对于物理模式采用Princetonoceanmodel(POM),对于生物模式考虑溶解无机营养盐(氮、磷、硅)、浮游植物、食草性浮游动物和碎屑.给定已知的初始场和外加边界强迫,模拟了观测到叶绿素a的主要时、空分布特征,如浮游植物的春、秋季水华和夏季次表层叶绿素a极大值现象等.研究表明,浮游植物春季水华最先发生于黄海中央海域,主要原因是该海域透明度较高,流速较小.春季水华开始于垂直对流减弱和层化开始形成之前(约3月底至4月上旬),显著地依赖水层的稳定性.水体层化以后(约5～9月)叶绿素a浓度高值区分布在南黄海的南部和锋区.夏季的南黄海中央海域,由于上混合层营养盐几乎耗尽,限制了浮游植物的生长,在紧贴温跃层下部的真光层,具有丰富的营养盐和合适的光照,次表层叶绿素a极大值得以形成.秋季(约9～11月份,略迟于海表面开始降温的时间,随地点不同而异)随垂直混合的增强,有利于营养盐向上输运,浮游植物出现一次较小的峰值.

关键词：物理-生物耦合模式浮游植物季节变化南黄海

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