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Predominance of inhalation route in short-range transmission of respiratory viruses:Investigation based on computational fluid dynamics

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 765-780页

作者： Wenzhao Chen Li Liu Jian Hang Yuguo li Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Faculty of Architecture The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,short-range virus transmission has been observed to have a higher risk of causing infection than long-range virus transmission.However,the roles played by the inhalation and large droplet routes cannot be distinguished in practice.A recent analytical study revealed the predominance of short-range inhalation over the large droplet spray route as causes of respiratory infections.In the current study,short-range exposure was analyzed via computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations using a discrete phase model.Detailed facial membranes,including eyes,nostrils,and a mouth,were considered.In CFD simulations,there is no need for a spherical approximation of the human head for estimating deposition nor the“anisokinetic aerosol sampling”approximation for estimating inhalation in the analytical model.We considered two scenarios(with two spheres[Scenario 1]and two human manikins[Scenario 2]),source-target distances of 0.2 to 2 m,and droplet diameters of 3 to 1,500μm.The overall CFD exposure results agree well with data previously obtained from a simple analytical model.The CFD results confirm the predominance of the short-range inhalation route beyond 0.2 m for expiratory droplets smaller than 50μm during talking and coughing.A critical droplet size of 87.5μm was found to differentiate droplet behaviors.The number of droplets deposited on the target head exceeded those exposed to facial membranes,which implies a risk of exposure through the immediate surface route over a short range.

关键词： airborne transmission close contact short-range inhalation large droplet spray computational fluid dynamics

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The role of hydrostatic pressure on the metal corrosion in simulated deep-sea environments—a review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第17期112卷 230-238页

作者： Rui liu Li Liu Fuhui Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Northeastern UniversityNO.3-11 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110819China

This paper reviewed the corrosion behavior of metals in simulated deep-water environments and briefly discussed the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the different corrosion types for the active and the passive alloys.A consensus on the corrosion mechanism is that hydrostatic pressure accelerates the dissolution kinetics,changes the chemical compositions of the product layer or passive films,and promotes the adsorption of Cl^(-)on the metal surface.In addition,a newly-developed mechanism that hydrostatic pressure facilitates the dissolution process by thinning the electric double layer was reviewed,the synergistic effect of hydrostatic pressure and tensile stress on the stress corrosion cracking was discussed,and the modified coating with chemical bonding interface to prolong the service life in this environment was introduced.

关键词： Corrosion Hydrostatic pressure Deep-sea environments

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Prediction of cell-cell communication patierns of dorsal root ganglion cells: single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1367-1374页

作者： Yanna lian Cheng Wu Li Liu Xiangyao li National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine Zhejiang University International Institutes of Medicine the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang University 4. Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine The University of Edinburgh Core Facilities of the School of Medicine Zhejiang University

Dorsal root ganglion neurons transmit peripheral somatic information to the central nervous system, and dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability affects pain perception. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation is a new approach for managing pain sensation. Knowledge of the cell-cell communication among dorsal root ganglion cells may help in the development of new pain and itch management strategies. Here, we used the single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq) database to investigate intercellular communication networks among dorsal root ganglion cells. We collected scRNA-seq data from six samples from three studies, yielding data on a total of 17,766 cells. Based on genetic profiles, we identified satellite glial cells, Schwann cells, neurons, vascular endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Further analysis revealed that eight types of dorsal root ganglion neurons mediated proprioceptive, itch, touch, mechanical, heat, and cold sensations. Moreover, we predicted several distinct forms of intercellular communication among dorsal root ganglion cells, including cell-cell contact, secreted signals, extracellular matrix, and neurotransmitter-mediated signals. The data mining predicted that Mrgpra3-positive neurons robustly express the genes encoding the adenosine Adora2b(A2B) receptor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1(GFRα-1). Our immunohistochemistry results confirmed the coexpression of the A2B receptor and GFRα-1. Intrathecal injection of the A2B receptor antagonist PSB-603 effectively prevented histamine-induced scratching behaviour in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the A2B receptor in the modulation of itch sensation. Furthermore, our findings provide insight into dorsal root ganglion cell-cell communication patterns and mechanisms. Our results should contribute to the development of new strategies for the regulation of dorsal root ganglion excitability.

关键词： cell-cell communications CellChat dorsal root ganglion scRNA-Seq database

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Bile duct ligation differently regulates protein expressions of organic cation transporters in intestine,liver and kidney of rats through activation of farnesoid X receptor by cholate and bilirubin

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 227-245页

作者： Shijin Hong Shuai li Xiaoyan Meng Ping li Xun Wang Mengxiang Su Xiaodong liu Li Liu Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210098China Tianjin Institutes of Pharmaceutical Research Tianjin 300301China Departments of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210098China

Body is equipped with organic cation transporters(OCTs).These OCTs mediate drug transport and are also involved in some disease process.We aimed to investigate whether liver failure alters intestinal,hepatic and renal Oct expressions using bile duct ligation(BDL)rats.Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that BDL decreases plasma metformin exposure,associated with decreased intestinal absorption and increased urinary excretion.Western blot shows that BDL significantly downregulates intestinal Oct2 and hepatic Oct1 but upregulates renal and hepatic Oct2.In vitro cell experiments show that chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA),bilirubin and farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist GW4064 increase OCT2/Oct2 but decrease OCT1/Oct1,which are remarkably attenuated by glycine-β-muricholic acid and silencing FXR.Significantly lowered intestinal CDCA and increased plasma bilirubin levels contribute to different Octs regulation by BDL,which are confirmed using CDCA-treated and bilirubin-treated rats.A disease-based physiologically based pharmacokinetic model characterizing intestinal,hepatic and renal Octs was successfully developed to predict metformin pharmacokinetics in rats.In conclusion,BDL remarkably downregulates expressions of intestinal Oct2 and hepatic Oct1 protein while upregulates expressions of renal and hepatic Oct2 protein in rats,finally,decreasing plasma exposure and impairing hypoglycemic effects of metformin.BDL differently regulates Oct expressions via Fxr activation by CDCA and bilirubin.

关键词： Bilirubin Chenodeoxycholic acid Farnesoid X receptor liver failure Organic cation transporters Bile duct ligation Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

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Predicting building ventilation performance in the era of an indoor air crisis

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 663-666页

作者： Yuguo li Pan Cheng Li Liu Ao li Wei Jia Nan Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Faculty of Architecture The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijingChina

Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which is continuing to evolve.Vaccination alone has not completely controlled the COVID-19 pandemic,and infection with SARS-CoV-2—particularly with the omicron variant—continues to threaten human health and life and thus negatively affect economies worldwide.

关键词： acute respiratory alone

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Legume-specific SnRK1 promotes malate supply to bacteroids for symbiotic nitrogen fixation

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Molecular Plant 2023年第9期16卷 1396-1412页

作者： Da Guo Peng liu Qianwen liu lihua Zheng Sikai liu Chen Shen Li Liu Shasha Fan Nan li Jiangli Dong Tao Wang College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBejing 100193China

Nodulation is an energy-expensive behavior driven by legumes by providing carbon sources to bacteroids and obtaining nitrogen sources in return.The energy sensor sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is the hub of energy regulation in eukaryotes.However,the molecular mechanism by which SnRK1 coordinates the allocation of energy and substances during symbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF)remains unknown.In this study,we identified the novel legume-specific SnRK1α4,a member of the SnRK1 family that positively regulates SNF.Phenotypic analysis showed that nodule size and nitrogenase activity increased in SnRK1α4-overexpressing plants and decreased significantly in snrk1α4 mutants.We demonstrated that a key upstream kinase involved in nodulation,Does Not Make Infection 2(DMI2),can phosphorylate SnRK1α4 at Thr175 to cause its activation.Further evidence clarified that SnRK1α4 phosphorylates the malate dehydrogenases MDH1/2 to promote malate production in the cytoplasm,supplying carbon sources to bacteroids.Therefore,our findings reveal an essential role of the DMI2–SnRK1α4–MDH pathway in supplying carbon sources to bacteroids for SNF and provide a new module for constructing cereal crops with SNF.

关键词： energy sensor SnRK1α4 phosphorylation malate anabolism nodulation Medicago truncatula

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Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against the severity of Omicron variant

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第3期17卷 576-580页

作者： Hao Wang Li Liu Tangchun Wu Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating) School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented levels of morbidity,mortality,and economic disruption worldwide.Several non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented worldwide to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2,including social distancing,home isolation,and centralized quarantine[1].Nevertheless,these interventions cannot be sustained over the longterm.Current hopes of controlling the pandemic rely heavily on vaccination,which remains the best tool available for preventing infection and symptomatic illness.

关键词： sustained mortality severity

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SUMO1 regulates post-infarct cardiac repair based on cellular heterogeneity

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第2期13卷 170-186页

作者： Zhihao liu Xiaozhi liu Li Liu Ying Wang Jie Zheng Lan li Sheng li Han Zhang Jingyu Ni Chuanrui Ma Xiumei Gao Xiyun Bian Guanwei Fan First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjin300193China State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin301617China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm Infants The Fifth Central Hospital of TianjinTianjin300450China Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin301617China

Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa^(+)Nppb^(+)Ankrd1^(+)cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after MI.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.

关键词： Myocardial infarction SUMO1 SnRNA-seq Cardiomyocyte

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Effects of N-alkylation on anticorrosion performance of doped polyaniline/epoxy coating

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第4期39卷 48-55页

作者： Suyun liu Li Liu Ying li Fuhui Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

N-alkylation of sulfosalicylic acid-doped polyaniline(PANI-SSA)was used to promote the anticorrosion performance of PANI-SSA/epoxy coating for 5083 Al alloy.PANI-SSA was modified with C5H11Br and C12H25Br in polar solvents IPA(isopropanol)and DMF(dimethylformamide),and then characterized by FTIR,XPS and sedimentation experiments.Results showed that alkanes were successfully linked onto the PANI-SSA chains.The compatibility between N-alkylated PANI-SSA and epoxy/xylene solution was improved.SEM results proved a better dispersion performance of N-alkylated PANI-SSA in epoxy coatings,with less holes and aggregations.Corrosion protection of the epoxy coatings incorporating PANI-SSA and N-alkylated PANI-SSA on 5083 Al alloy was studied by EIS and adhesion measurements in 3.5%NaCl solution.It turned out that the epoxy coating including C12H25Br-modified PANI-SSA in DMF has yielded the highest values of impedance modulus and best protective properties.

关键词： Polyaniline Coating Modification Al alloy Anticorrosive property

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Right ventricular-arterial uncoupling as an independent prognostic factor in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction accompanied with coronary artery disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第10期136卷 1198-1206页

作者： Hongdan Jia Li Liu Xile Bi Ximing li Hongliang Cong Department of Cardiology Clinical School of ThoracicTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300222China Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoHebei 066000China

Background:Right ventricular(RV)-arterial uncoupling is a powerful independent predictor of prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).Coronary artery disease(CAD)can contribute to the pathophysiological characteristics of HFpEF.This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of RV-arterial uncoupling in acute HFpEF patients with CAD.Methods:This prospective study included 250 consecutive acute HFpEF patients with CAD.Patients were divided into RV-arterial uncoupling and coupling groups by the optimal cutoff value,based on a receiver operating characteristic curve of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure(TAPSE/PASP).The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death,recurrent ischemic events,and HF hospitalizations.Results:TAPSE/PASP≤0.43 provided good accuracy in identifying patients with RV-arterial uncoupling(area under the curve,0.731;sensitivity,61.4%;and specificity,76.6%).Of the 250 patients,150 and 100 patients could be grouped into the RV-arterial coupling(TAPSE/PASP>0.43)and uncoupling(TAPSE/PASP≤0.43)groups,respectively.Revascularization strategies were slightly different between groups;the RV-arterial uncoupling group had a lower rate of complete revascularization(37.0%[37/100]vs.52.7%[79/150],Pling group.The cohort with TAPSE/PASP≤0.43 had a significantly worse prognosis than the cohort with TAPSE/PASP>0.43.Multivariate Cox analysis showed TAPSE/PASP≤0.43 as an independent associated factor for the primary endpoint,all-cause death,and recurrent HF hospitalization(hazard ratios[HR]:2.21,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.44-3.39,Pling,based on TAPSE/PASP,is independently associated with adverse outcomes in acute HFpEF patients with CA

关键词： Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Coronary artery disease Right ventricular-arterial coupling Prognosis Revascularization

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