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Effect of cerium addition on non-metallic inclusions in a high-carbon chromium bearing steel

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第11期30卷 2254-2266页

作者： Hao li Qiang Ren li-feng zhang State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China

Effects of varied levels of cerium(28×10-6,65×10^(-6) and 150×10^(-6))on inclusions in a high-carbon chromium bearing steel at different stages(before adding cerium,after adding cerium for 1,5,10 min and ingot)were studied using laboratory *** automatic scanning electron microscope system with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the amount,composition,size and morphology of inclusions in the steel at different *** the cerium content in the molten steel increased from 0 to 150×10^(-6),the evolution sequence of inclusions was as follows:Al_(2)O_(3)→CeAl11O18→CeAlO_(3)→Ce_(2)O_(2)*** 28×10^(-6) cerium was added,Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions were modified into CeAl_(11)O_(18) inclusions in the molten steel and then were further transformed into Al2O3 and CeAlO3 inclusions in the solid steel during *** the addition of 65×10^(-6) cerium,inclusions in the molten steel were modified into CeAlO_(3) and a small number of Ce2O2S *** the addition amount of cerium increased to 150×10^(-6),inclusions were transformed to Ce_(2)O_(2)*** size of inclusions in the molten steel decreased obviously with cerium *** the other hand,the size of inclusions increased during the cooling process in solid steels of No.1 steel(with 28×10^(-6) cerium)and No.2 steel(with 65×10^(-6) cerium).During the cooling process,unmodified MnS inclusions were precipitated in the solid steel of No.1 steel and wrapped outside the Al2O3 and CeAlO_(3) inclusions to form large complex *** the cooling process of No.2 steel,the inclusion size of CeAlO_(3) increased due to the collision and *** the No.3 steel(with 150×10^(-6) cerium),the average size of inclusions decreased rapidly and remained at a lower size during the cooling process,which was beneficial to improving the fatigue life of the steel.

关键词： Cerium Inclusion Transformation High-carbon chromium bearing steel Modification

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Modeling reoxidation behavior of Al-Ti-containing steels by CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018年第2期25卷 146-156页

作者： Ying Ren li-feng zhang Ying zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083 China

A kinetic model was developed using FactSage Macro Processing to simulate the reoxidation of Al-Ti-containing steels by CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO slags. The calculated results show a good agreement with the experimental data. Thus, the developed kinetic model can be used to predict changes in slag, steel, and inclusion compositions during the reaction process. During the slag reoxidation process, the reactions occurring at slag-steel interface and in the bulk steel were confirmed to be the reduction of SiO2 by [All and [Til and the self-dissociation of SiO2 into [Si] and [O]. Increasing the ratio of CaO to SiO2 in the slag can significantly suppress the self-dissociation of SiO2 in the slag and lower the amount of inclusions produced during reoxidation. The formed inclusions changed from solid Al2O3 to Al2O3-TiOx inclusions, which was mainly dependent on the w（[Al]） and w（[Ti]）. The amount of inclusions was obviously influenced by the composition of the top slag.

关键词： Kinetic model Slag Inclusion Reoxidation Al-Ti-containing steel

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Influence of lanthanum on inclusions and as-cast microstructures in a low-alloy high-strength steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第12期30卷 2471-2481页

作者： Can liu Ji zhang Qiang Ren li-feng zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China

Advanced high-strength steel ingots with total lanthanum(TLa)contents of 0,15×10^(–6),86×10^(–6)and 360×10^(–6)were prepared through laboratory *** modification of inclusions and the variation of the as-cast microstructure with the content of lanthanum in the high-strength steel were *** result showed that with the increase in the TLa content in the steel from 0 to 360×10^(–6),the modification path of inclusions in the as-cast steel was Al2O_(3)and calcium aluminate→LaAlO_(3)→La_(2)O_(2)S→La_(2)O_(2)S–La2O_(3).The addition of La in the high-strength steel significantly refined the solidification *** the increase in the TLa content in the steel from 0 to 360×10^(–6),the ratio of the equiaxed crystal region in the macrostructure increased from 30.1%to 50.7%,the proportion of the high-angle grain boundary in the microstructure increased from 36.9%to 69.8%,and the area fraction of the acicular ferrite and the bainite increased from 0 to 93.3%.Inclusions of LaAlO_(3),La_(2)O_(2)S and La2O_(3)in the La-containing steel could act as heterogeneous nucleation cores ofα-Fe during the *** the increase in the TLa content in the steel,the number density of inclusions that could act as effective heterogeneous nucleation cores in the steel gradually increased,which enlarged the ratio of the equiaxed crystal region and the proportion of intragranular acicular ferrite,and refined the as-cast microstructure of the high-strength steel.

关键词： Advanced high-strength steel Lanthanum Inclusion Heterogeneous nucleation As-cast microstructure

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Pitting corrosion initiated by SiO_(2)-MnO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions in a 304 stainless steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第9期31卷 2281-2293页

作者： Jin-zhen Hu Shi li Ji zhang Ying Ren li-feng zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina Stainless Steel R&D Center of Central R&D Institute Baoshan Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Shanghai201900China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China

The influence of the aluminum content on the pitting corrosion of a 304 stainless steel by a Cl−solution was *** number,area,and composition of non-metallic inclusions were modified by the addition of aluminum in the steel,which was responsible for the variation of the corrosion degree of the 304 stainless *** detection,corrosion test,electrochemical test,thermodynamic calculation,and first-principles calculation were performed to evaluate the pitting corrosion of the stainless *** initiation of the pitting corrosion by three types of inclusions,including(Mn,Si,Cr,S)O,(Mn,Al,Cr)O,and Al_(2)O_(3)were in-situ *** corroding for 880 min,the corrosion index of(Mn,Si,Cr,S)O,(Mn,Al,Cr)O,and Al_(2)O_(3)was 0.38%,0.02%,and 0.00%min−1,*** the increase in aluminum content in the steel,the pitting potential of the stainless steel was 0.131,0.304,and 0.338 V,respectively,indicating that a higher aluminum content in the steel was beneficial to improving the pitting corrosion resistance of the 304 stainless steel.

关键词： Pitting corrosion 304 stainless steel Non-metallic inclusion First-principles calculation Galvanic corrosion

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Boron separation from Si–Sn alloy by slag treatment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第12期25卷 1439-1446页

作者： Rowaid Al-khazraji Ya-qiong li li-feng zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metal University of Science &Technology Beijing

This study investigates a purification process for metallurgical-grade silicon(MG-Si) in which Si is alloyed with tin(Sn) and Ca O–Si O_2–Ca Cl_2 slag is used to remove boron(B) impurity. Acid leaching was performed to remove the Sn phase after slag refining to recover high-purity Si from the Si–Sn alloy. The effect of refining time was investigated, and acceptable refining results were realized within 15 min. The effects of slag composition and Sn content on the removal of B were also studied. The results indicate that increasing Sn content favors B removal. With the increase of Sn to 50% of the alloy, the final B content decreased to 1.1 × 10^(-4) wt%, 93.9% removal efficiency.

关键词： boron removal metallurgical grade silicon Si–Sn alloy slag refining

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Effect of oxide inclusions on MnS precipitates and tensile mechanical property of high-strength low-alloy steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1210-1220页

作者： Xiao-yong Gao Hong Wei li-feng zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China

The key role of oxide inclusions on the microstructure and mechanical property of a high-strength low-alloy steel was *** field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometry was used to characterize MnS *** inclusions play an important role in the shape control of MnS *** oxides fovored to decrease the size and the aspect ratio of MnS *** less oxide inclusions in the steel,approximately over 16.7%MnS precipitates were with aspect ratio a>5 and pure MnS precipitates accounted for 75.9%in ***,with more oxide inclusions in the steel,only 7.4%MnS precipitates were with a>5 and pure MnS precipitates accounted for 60.1%in *** of MnS by oxide inclusions improved the strength and inhibited the *** oxide inclusions in the steel increased the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel in both longitudinal and transverse directions,and lowered the anisotropy of the mechanical property.

关键词： High-strength low-alloy steel MnS Oxide inclusion Mechanical property Anisotropy

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Immersed Hypersurfaces in the Unit Sphere S^(m+1) with Constant Blaschke Eigenvalues

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 533-548页

作者： Xing Xiao li feng Yun zhang Department of Mathematics He'nan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 He'nan P. R. China

For an immersed submanifold x ： M^m→ Sn in the unit sphere S^n without umbilics, an eigenvalue of the Blaschke tensor of x is called a Blaschke eigenvalue of x. It is interesting to determine all hypersurfaces in Sn with constant Blaschke eigenvalues. In this paper, we are able to classify all immersed hypersurfaces in S^m＋1 with vanishing MSbius form and constant Blaschke eigenvalues, in case （1） x has exact two distinct Blaschke eigenvalues, or （2） m = 3. With these classifications, some interesting examples are also presented.

关键词： Moebius form Blaschke eigenvalues Blaschke tensor MSbius metric MSbius second fundamental form

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On the Blaschke Isoparametric Hypersurfaces in the Unit Sphere

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第4期25卷 657-678页

作者： Xing Xiao li feng Yun zhang Department of Mathematics. He'nan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 P. R. China

Given an immersed submanifold x ： M^M → S^n in the unit sphere S^n without umbilics, a Blaschke eigenvalue of x is by definition an eigenvalue of the Blaschke tensor of x. x is called Blaschke isoparametric if its Mobius form vanishes identically and all of its Blaschke eigenvalues are constant. Then the classification of Blaschke isoparametric hypersurfaces is natural and interesting in the MSbius geometry of submanifolds. When n = 4, the corresponding classification theorem was given by the authors. In this paper, we are able to complete the corresponding classification for n = 5. In particular, we shall prove that all the Blaschke isoparametric hypersurfaces in S^5 with more than two distinct Blaschke eigenvalues are necessarily Mobius isoparametric.

关键词： Mobius form Blaschke eigenvalues Blaschke tensor Mobius metric Mobius second fundamental form

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Distribution of TiN inclusions in Ti-stabilized ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel slab

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第9期26卷 962-972页

作者： Hao-jian Duan Ying zhang Ying Ren li-feng zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In order to clarify and control the silver defect on surface of cold-rolled sheet of the Ti-stabilized ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel, the distribution of TiN inclusions on the cross section of hot-rolled plate was studied using automated scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy inclusion analysis (ASPEX 1020 system). It was found that the number density decreases sharply from the surface to the center of the hot-rolled plate, whereas the average size increases. Then, the distribution of TiN inclusions on the cross section of continuously cast slab was investigated. Similarly, numerous small-sized TiN inclusions were generated at the subsurface of the slab. The average size rapidly increased and the number density dramatically decreased from the subsurface to 1/4 thickness, while from 1/4 thickness to 1/2 thickness, the increase in average size and the decrease in number density were slight. Thermodynamics results showed that TiN inclusion was formed below the liquidus temperature, which indicated that TiN inclusions could not be formed during secondary refining. Considering the microsegregation of solute elements and the equilibrium of TiN formation during solidification, TiN precipitated in the mushy zone when the solid fraction was close to 0.2. The growth of TiN was analyzed based on the diffusion-controlled growth model. With the increase in cooling rate, the time for TiN growth decreased and the size of TiN inclusions was diminished, which revealed the size distribution of TiN inclusions in the cast slab qualitatively.

关键词： TiN inclusion Ti-stabilized ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel Distribution in slab Thermodynamics Diffusion-controlled growth model

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A boundary layer model for capture of inclusions by steel-slag interface in a turbulent flow

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第6期30卷 1101-1108页

作者： Yi-peng Sun Hao-jian Duan li-feng zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China

A boundary layer model was developed to predict the capture of inclusions by steel-slag interface in a turbulent fluid flow,which is based on the detailed analysis of inclusion *** effective boundary layer for inclusion removal was proposed by a statistical *** is noticed that the capture of inclusions by steel-slag interface is not only dependent on the diameter of inclusions but also related to the local turbulent *** high turbulent flow fields,the transport of inclusions is mainly dominated by the turbulent flow,and thus,the effective boundary layer thickness is mainly affected by the level of turbulent kinetic energy and is almost independent of the inclusion *** inertia of inclusions gradually takes over the stochastic effect of turbulent flow,and the effect of inclusion diameter on effective boundary layer thickness becomes more noticeable with the decrease in the level of turbulent kinetic ***,the effective boundary layer thickness is more susceptible to the inclusion diameter for larger inclusions due to its greater inertia under the same turbulent condition while it principally depends on the level of turbulent kinetic energy for smaller *** the characteristic velocity increases,the time for inclusions transport and interaction with steel-slag interface decreases,and thus,the effective boundary layer thickness ***,the graphical user interface was developed by using the cubic spline interpolation for ease of coupling the current boundary layer model with the macro-scale model of a turbulent fluid flow in the metallurgical vessel.

关键词： Boundary layer model Capture of inclusions steel–slag interface Turbulent flow

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