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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

Science bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu bai, Y.X. bao, Y.W. bastieri, D. bi, X.J. bi, Y.J. bian, W. bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, liang Chen, lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, b.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, b. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.b. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, b.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.b. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. li, b.b. li, C.M. li, Cheng li, Cong li, D. li, F. li, H.b. li, H.C. li, Jian li, Jie li, K. li, S.D. li, W.L. li, X.R. li, Xin li, Y.Z. li, Zhe li, Zhuo liang, E.W. liang, Y.F. lin, S.J. liu, b. liu, C. liu, D. liu, D.b. liu, H. liu, H.D. liu, J. liu, J.L. liu, M.Y. liu, R.Y. liu, S.M. liu, W. liu, Y. liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, b.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, b.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.b. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51b. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. by combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51b could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Optimized Phishing Detection with Recurrent Neural Network and Whale Optimizer Algorithm

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4895-4916页

作者： Gupta b.b. Gaurav A. Attar R.W. Arya V. Alhomoud A. Chui K.T. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung 413 Taiwan Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT) Symbiosis International University Maharashtra Pune 411057 India Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) Dehradun 248007 India Ronin Institute Montclair 07043 NJ United States Management Department College of Business Administration Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Department of business Administration Asia University Taichung 413 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Beirut 1102 Lebanon Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border University Rafha 91911 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Hong Kong Metropolitan University (HKMU) Homantin Hong Kong Hong Kong

Phishing attacks present a persistent and evolving threat in the cybersecurity land-scape, necessitating the development of more sophisticated detection methods. Traditional machine learning approaches to phishing detection have relied heavily on feature engineering and have often fallen short in adapting to the dynamically changing patterns of phishing Uniform Resource Locator (URLs). Addressing these challenge, we introduce a framework that integrates the sequential data processing strengths of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with the hyperparameter optimization prowess of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Our model capitalizes on an extensive Kaggle dataset, featuring over 11,000 URLs, each delineated by 30 attributes. The WOA’s hyperparameter optimization enhances the RNN’s performance, evidenced by a meticulous validation process. The results, encapsulated in precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, surpass baseline models, achieving an overall accuracy of 92%. This study not only demonstrates the RNN’s proficiency in learning complex patterns but also underscores the WOA’s effectiveness in refining machine learning models for the critical task of phishing detection. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press.

关键词： cybersecurity machine learning optimization Phishing detection Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)

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Data error propagation in stacked bioclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan li b.b.k NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel b.ARAÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nabeiro’biodiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distributions for multiple species based on outputs of bioclimatic envelope models(bEMs).The approach can be used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distributions are inevitable,but how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted bEMs using species distributions data for 334 bird species obtained from(1)global range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanobis distance),presence-background(MAXENT),and presence–absence(GAM and bRT)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and bEMs can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that best explained species distributions also differed between data *** using citizen-based data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated by GAM and bRT models were robust to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should be conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distribution stacked bioclimatic envelope models uncertainty

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Antibodies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of Microbial Pathogens Producing β-1-6-linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine(PNAG)

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-bentley Xuefu You Gerald b.Pier beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b-1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced by many bacteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a broad range of *** progress has been made in discovering important properties of the biology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG biosynthetic proteins and enzymes have been studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has been further ***-based vaccines and PNAG-targeting antibodies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for both vaccines and antibodies have been carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to be a smooth road,we are optimistic about new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG becoming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine Monoclonal antibody

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Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Thermal Infrared Stealth in PVTMS@MWCNT Nano‑Aerogel via Abundant Nano‑Sized Cavities and Attenuation Interfaces

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 370-383页

作者： Haoyu Ma Maryam Fashandi Zeineb.b.n Rejeb Xin Ming Yingjun liu Pengjian Gong Guangxian li Chul b.Park College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University24 Yihuan RoadNanyiduanChengdu 610065SichuanPeople’s Republic of China Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Toronto5 King’s College RoadTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Tengfei Building88 Jiangmiao RoadJiangbei New DistrictNanjing 211800JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for X PolymersZhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Pre-polymerized vinyl trimethoxy silane(PVTMS)@MWCNT nano-aerogel system was constructed via radical polymerization,sol-gel transition and supercritical CO_(2)*** fabricated organic-inorganic hybrid PVTMS@MWCNT aerogel structure shows nano-pore size(30-40 nm),high specific surface area(559 m^(2)g^(−1)),high void fraction(91.7%)and enhanced mechanical property:(1)the nano-pore size is beneficial for efficiently blocking thermal conduction and thermal convection via Knudsen effect(beneficial for infrared(IR)stealth);(2)the heterogeneous interface was beneficial for IR reflection(beneficial for IR stealth)and MWCNT polarization loss(beneficial for electromagnetic wave(EMW)attenuation);(3)the high void fraction was beneficial for enhancing thermal insulation(beneficial for IR stealth)and EMW impedance match(beneficial for EMW attenuation).Guided by the above theoretical design strategy,PVTMS@MWCNT nano-aerogel shows superior EMW absorption property(cover all Ku-band)and thermal IR stealth property(ΔT reached 60.7℃).Followed by a facial combination of the above nano-aerogel with graphene film of high electrical conductivity,an extremely high electromagnetic interference shielding material(66.5 db,2.06 mm thickness)with superior absorption performance of an average absorption-to-reflection(A/R)coefficient ratio of 25.4 and a low reflection bandwidth of 4.1 GHz(A/R ratio more than 10)was experimentally obtained in this work.

关键词： Nano-pore size Heterogeneous interface Electromagnetic wave absorption Thermal infrared stealth Nano-aerogel

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Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for Mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 332-344页

作者： Z.Y.Xue X.J.li J.H.Chu M.M.li D.N.Zou L.b.Tong School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various *** conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient *** the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on Mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly *** outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)*** FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier *** Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition *** corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare Mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling *** synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of Mg alloys.

关键词： Mg alloy Functionalized graphene Epoxy coating Corrosion/wear resistance blocking layer

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black hole shadows in Einstein-bel-Robinson gravity

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 272-283页

作者： b.Hamil b.C.Lütfüoğlu Laboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Subatomique Facultédes Sciences ExactesUniversitéConstantine 1ConstantineAlgeria Department of Physics University of Hradec KrálovéRokitanského 6250003 Hradec KrálovéCzechia

Gravity models given by higher-order scalar curvature corrections are believed to bear important consequences. Einstein-bel-Robinson (EbR) gravity with quartic curvature modification motivated Sajadi et al. to explore static spherically symmetric black hole solutions using perturbative methods. In this study, inspired by their work, we investigate AdS black hole shadows in EbR gravity and demonstrate how the gravity parameter alters the energy emission rate. Finally, we address the same problem in the presence of plasma, because the black holes are thought to be surrounded by a medium that changes the geodesic of photons.

关键词： black hole shadows Einstein-bel-Robinson gravity plasma

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Advancements in assessing soil health through functional traits and energy flow analysis of soil

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第2期6卷 21-30页

作者： Jingnan Zhang Shiyu li Elly Morrien Neil b.McLaughlin Shixiu Zhang School of life Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of black Soils Conservation and Utilization Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChineseAcademy of SciencesChangchun 130012China Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130012China Institute of biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics(IbED-ELD) Department of Ecosystem and Landscape DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHA msterdamThe Netherlands Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa K1AoC6Canada University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100049China

We examined the development of soil nematodes ecological indices from the perspective off *** found that soil nematode energy flow analyses based on multiple functional traits quantify the dynamics of energy flow across multipletrophic levels to provide a more comprehensive *** conducted comparative analyses of the sensitivities of NMF and energy flow to verify that the energy flow analyses are more sensitive and have greater potential to reveal soil health and ecosystem *** in-depth studies of functional traits and energy flow analysis can help us achieve informed soil management practices,sustainable agriculture,*** Tess CT Nematode ecological index based on functional traits:MI El,S,bI,C1 NMF bongen.1990 Ferrisetal,2001 Ferris,2010 energs low analysis of soil nematodes Compare thecological index(NMf)and bacterivores(ba)Functional traits Energy flux Fungihores(Fn)rahn Soilnematodes latitude lindicator Plant-parasites(PP)PF Energflus Soilhealth Omnivores-predators(oP)latitude Energy flow analysis of soil nematodes:by quantifying energy fux among trophic groups barbes et al.,2014,2018 This paper examines the development of ecological indices for soil nematodes from the perspective of functional *** emphasizes the increasing significance of integrating multiple functional traits to achieve a more accurate assessment of soil *** indices based on life history strategies,feeding habits,and body size provide useful tools for assessing soil ***,these indices do not fully capture the dynamics ofenergyflow across multiple-trophic levels inthesoil foodweb,which is critical fora deeperunderstanding of the intrinsic properties of soil *** combining functional traits such as functional group,body size,feeding preference and metabolic rate,nematode energy flow analyses provide a more comprehensive *** approach establishes a direct correlation between changes

关键词： soil nematodes soil health nematodefoodweb functional traits energyflux

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Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： b.J.SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.b.KIRKHAM Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot be ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the problems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could be done on Earth using both soils and plants. Results from such experiments could be used to grow plants when mankind establishes bases on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil bases

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