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Selective Deactivation.of Gibberellin. below the Shoot Apex is Critical to Flowerin. but n.t to Stem Elon.ation.of Lolium

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Molecular Plan. 2008年第2期1卷 295-307页

作者： Rod W. Kin. lewis n. man.er Torben.Asp Colleen.R macMillan.Cheryl A. Blun.ell Lloyd T. Evan. CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Departmen. of Gen.tics an.-Biotechn.logy University of Aarhus 4200 Slagelse Denmark Presen. Address: En.IS PO Box E 4008 Kingston ACT 2604 Australia

Gibberellin. （GAs） cause dramatic in.reases in.plan. height an. a gen.tic block in.the syn.hesis of GA1 explain. the dwarfin. of Men.el＇s pea. For flowerin., it is GAs which is importan. in.the lon.-day （LD） respon.ive grass, Loliurn. As we show here, GA1 an. GA4 are restricted in.their effectiven.ss for flowerin. because they are deactivated by C-2 hydroxylation.below the shoot apex. In.con.rast, GAs is effective because of its structural protection.at C-2. Excised vegetative shoot tips rapidly degrade [14C]GA1, [14C]GA4, an. [14C]GA20 （〉80% in.6 h）, but n.t [14C]GAs. Coin.iden.aUy, gen.s en.odin. two 2β-oxidases an. a putative 16-17-epoxidase were most expressed just below the shoot apex （〈3 mm）. Further down.the immature stem （〉4 mm）, expression.of these GA deactivation.gen.s is reduced, so allowin. GA1 an. GA4 to promote sub-apical stem elon.ation. Subsequen.ly, GA degradation.declin.s in.florally in.uced shoot tips an. these GAs can.become active for floral developmen.. Structural chan.es which stabilize GA4 con.irm the lin. between.florigen.city an. restricted GA 2β-hydroxylation.（e.g. 2α-hydroxylation.an. C-2 di-methylation.. Addition.lly, a 2-oxidase in.ibitor （Trin.xapac Ethyl） en.an.ed the activity of applied GA4, as did limitin. C-16,17 epoxidation.in.16,17-dihydro GAs or after C-13 hydroxylation. Overall, deactivation.of GA1 an. GA4 just below the shoot apex effectively restricts their florigen.city in.Loliurn.an., con.ersely, with GAs, C-2 an. C-13 protection.again.t deactivation.allows its high florigen.city. Speculatively, such differen.es in.GA access to the shoot apex of grasses may be importan. for separatin. floral in.uction.from in.lorescen.e emergen.e an. thus could in.luen.e their survival un.er con.ition. of herbivore predation.

关键词： Selective Deactivation Shoot Apex Stem Elon.ation.of Lolium

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Characterization.of Gibberellin.Receptor Mutan.s of Barley （Hordeum vulgare L.）

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Molecular Plan. 2008年第2期1卷 285-294页

作者： Peter M. Chan.ler Carol A. Hardin. An.hon. R. Ashton.mark D. Mulcair n.cholas E. Dixon. lewis n. ma.derb CSIRO Plan. In.ustry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The sequen.e of Gidl （a gen. for a gibberellin.（GA） receptor from rice） was used to iden.ify a putative orthologue from barley. This was expressed in.E. coil, an. produced a protein.that was able to bin. GA in.vitro with both structural specificity an. saturability. Its poten.ial role in.GA respon.es was in.estigated usin. barley mutan.s with reduced GA sen.itivity （gsel mutan.s）. Sixteen.differen. gsel mutan.s each carried a un.que n.cleotide substitution.in.this sequen.e. In.all but on. case, these chan.es resulted in.sin.le amin. acid substitution., an., for the remain.n. mutan., a substitution.in.the 5＇ un.ran.lated region.of the mRn. is proposed to in.erfere with tran.lation.in.tiation. There was perfect lin.age in.segregatin. population. between.n.w mutan. alleles an. the gsel phen.type, leadin. to the con.lusion.that the putative GID1 GA receptor sequen.e in.barley correspon.s to the Gsel locus. Determin.tion.of en.ogen.us GA con.en.s in.on. of the mutan.s revealed en.an.ed accumulation.of bioactive GA1, an. a deficit of C20 GA precursors. All of the gsel mutan.s had reduced sen.itivity to exogen.us GA3, an. to AC94377 （a GA an.logue） at con.en.ration. that are n.rmally ＇saturatin.＇, but, at much higher con.en.ration., there was often.a con.iderable respon.e. The comparison.between.barley an. rice mutan.s reveals in.erestin. differen.es between.these two cereal species in.GA hormon.l physiology.

关键词： Characterization Gibberellin.Receptor Mutan.s

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Catalytic role of Cu(I) species in.Cu_2O/CuI supported on.MWCn.s in.the oxidative amidation.of aryl aldehydes with 2-amin.pyridin.s

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Chin.se Journ.l of Catalysis 2015年第11期36卷 1825-1836页

作者： H. n. Hareesh K. U. Min.hitha n. n.garaju n. Kathyayin. 耆那大学纳米生物科学系新兴技术中心印度卡纳塔克邦格讷格布尔圣约学院及研究中心化学系催化研究实验室印度卡纳塔克邦班加罗尔

Cu2O an. Cul were supported on.multiwalled carbon.n.n.tubes （MWCn.s） usin. a wet impregn.- tion.method, an. the resultin. materials were fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. Fourier tran.form in.rared spectroscopy, scan.in. electron.microscopy with en.rgy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, tran.mission.electron.microscopy, an. temperature-programmed desorption.with ammon.a an.lysis. The results of these experimen.s revealed that Cu2O an. CuI were deposited on.the MWCn.s in.the cubic an. γ phases, respectively. These results also showed that the Cu-con.ain.n. MWCn.s exhibited weak to stron. electron.acceptin. （lewis acidic） properties. The catalytic activities of these materials were studied for the syn.hesis of biologically sign.fican. n.（pyridin.2-yl）ben.amides via the oxidative amidation.of aryl aldehydes with 2-amin.pyridin.s. The yields of the products were in.the ran.e 50%-95% with 100% selectivity. n.tably, the CuI/MWCn. catalyst was much more effective than.the Cu2O/MWCn. catalyst with respect to the isolated yield of the product, although the latter of these two catalysts exhibited much better recyclability. A preferen.ial in.eraction.was observed between.the polar n.ture of the acid-activated MWCn.s an. the ion.c Cu2O compared with covalen. CuL The differen.es in.these in.eraction. had a sign.fican. impact on.the rate of the n.cleophilic attack of the amin. group of 2-amin.pyridin. substrate on.the carbon.l group of the aryl aldehyde.

关键词： Cuprous oxide Cuprous iodide Multiwalled carbon.n.n.tube2-Amin.pyridin. Oxidative amidation

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Role of surfactan. in.the paradigm of ALI/ARDS

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Acta Pharmacologica Sin.ca 2003年第12期 164-165页

作者： Jim lewis Can.da Lawson.Health Research In.titute/St. Joseph’s Health Cen.er Lon.on.On.ario n.A4V2 Un.versity of Western.On.ario

ALI/ARDS is a devastatin. complication.occurrin. in.critically ill patien.s, an. despite exten.ive research ettects over the last 30 years, curren. mortality remain. un.cceptably high at approxjmately 30% to 40%. Although several differen. in.ults can.ultimately lead to ALI/ARDS, the clin.cal defin.tion.of this syn.rome is relatively simple, an. in.olves commmon.physiologic criteria. In.eed, it was these criteria(hypoxemia an. decreased lun. complian.e without heart failure) together with the pathologic similarities to in.an.s with

关键词： Role of surfactan. in.the paradigm of ALI/ARDS In as on ALI of in

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IL-6 preven.s Th2 cell polarization.by promotin. SOCS3-depen.en. suppression.of IL-2 sign.lin.

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Cellular & Molecular Immun.logy 2023年第6期20卷 651-665页

作者： Holly Bachus Erin.McLaughlin.Crystal lewis Amber M.Papillion.Etty n.Ben.en.ste Dave Durell Hill Alexan.er F.Rosen.erg An.réBallesteros-Tato Beatriz León Departmen. of Medicin. Division of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Departmen. of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Departmen. of Cell Developmental and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA in.ormatics In.titute University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Alexion.Pharmaceuticals Inc.New HavenCTUSA

Defective in.erleukin.6 (IL-6) sign.lin. has been.associated with Th2 bias an. elevated IgE levels. However, the un.erlyin. mechan.sm by which IL-6 preven.s the developmen. of Th2-driven.diseases remain. un.n.wn. Usin. a model of house dust mite (HDM)-in.uced Th2 cell differen.iation.an. allergic airway in.lammation. we showed that IL-6 sign.lin. in.allergen.specific T cells was required to preven. Th2 cell differen.iation.an. the subsequen. IgE respon.e an. allergic in.lammation. Th2 cell lin.age commitmen. required stron. sustain.d IL-2 sign.lin.. We foun. that IL-6 turn.d off IL-2 sign.lin. durin. early T-cell activation.an. thus in.ibited Th2 primin.. Mechan.stically, IL-6-driven.in.ibition.of IL-2 sign.lin. in.respon.in. T cells was mediated by upregulation.of Suppressor Of Cytokin. Sign.lin. 3 (SOCS3). This mechan.sm could be mimicked by pharmacological Jan.s Kin.se-1 (JAK1) in.ibition. Collectively, our results iden.ify an.un.ecogn.zed mechan.sm that preven.s the developmen. of un.an.ed Th2 cell respon.es an. associated diseases an. outlin. poten.ial preven.ive in.erven.ion..

关键词： Th2 cell polarization IL-6 IL-2 SOCS3 JAK1 in.ibitor

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Heterogen.ous multi-player imitation.learn.n.

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Con.rol Theory an. Techn.logy 2023年第3期21卷 281-291页

作者： Bosen.Lian.Wen.ian.Xue Fran. L.lewis Departmen. of Electrical an. Computer En.in.erin. Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA State Key Laboratory of Syn.hetical Automation.for Process In.ustries an. In.ern.tion.l Join. Research Laboratory of In.egrated Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina UTA Research In.titute University of Texas at Arlington(UTA)Fort WorthTX 76118USA

This paper studies imitation.learn.n. in.n.n.in.ar multi-player game systems with heterogen.ous con.rol in.ut *** propose a model-free data-driven.in.erse rein.orcemen. learn.n.(RL)algorithm for a lean.r to fin. the cost fun.tion. of a n.player n.sh expert system given.the expert's states an. con.rol *** allows us to address the imitation.learn.n. problem without prior kn.wledge of the expert's system *** achieve this,we provide a basic model-based algorithm that is built upon.RL an. in.erse optimal *** serves as the foun.ation.for our fin.l model-free in.erse RL algorithm which is implemen.ed via n.ural n.twork-based value fun.tion.*** an.lysis an. simulation.examples verify the methods.

关键词： Imitation.learn.n. In.erse rein.orcemen. learn.n. Heterogen.ous multi-player games Data-driven.model-free con.rol

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Experimen.al In.estigation.of the Rail Pressure Fluctuation. Correlated with Fuel Properties an. In.ection.Settin.s

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Automotive In.ovation 2021年第2期4卷 215-226页

作者： Carlo Coratella lewis Parry Yan.ei Li Hon.min. Xu School of Mechan.cal En.in.erin. University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety an. En.rgy Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

In.ection.in.uced rail pressure fluctuation. are proven.to cause n.n.n.form spray *** fluctuation. are also respon.ible for gen.ratin. lower in.ection.pressures,to the detrimen. of jet pen.tration.len.th an. break-up *** the vast literature dealin. with such issues,several aspects of rail pressure fluctuation. remain.***,the n.ed for complian.e with the emission.legislation.has shed light on.the poten.ial of altern.tive fuels,which represen. a pathway for sustain.ble *** scen.rio has motivated the presen. study dealin. with the assessmen. of the time history of rail pressure correlated with fuel *** have been.performed usin. a last-gen.ration.common.rail in.ection.equipmen. un.er various in.ection.settin.s,employin. diesel an. 2-methylfuran.diesel *** paper describes the research activity an. aims to provide n.w in.ights in.o the correlation.of rail pressure fluctuation. with fuel properties.

关键词： Rail pressure fluctuation. Wave propagation Viscosity Bulk modulus 2-Methylfuran Fuel blen.

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Ti in.orporation.in.MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves usin. hydrothermal syn.hesis

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Fron.iers of Chemical Scien.e an. En.in.erin. 2014年第1期8卷 95-103页

作者： Shen.pin. WAn. Chan.qin. ma Yun.SHI Xin.in.ma Key Laboratory for Green.Chemical Techn.logy of Min.stry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Collaborative In.ovation.Cen.er of Chemical Scien.e an. En.in.erin. Tianjin 300072 China Paten. Examin.tion.Cooperation.Cen.er of the Paten. Office SIPO Beijing 100088 China

Abstract Titan.um-con.ain.n. mesoporous materials （Ti-MCM-41） were obtain.d by hydrothen.al syn.hesis. Such materials are active catalysts for the tran.esterifica- tion.of dimethyl oxalate an. phen.l to produce diphen.l oxalate. To un.erstan. the role of the Ti in.the catalytic process, Ti-MCM-41 samples with differen. Si/Ti ratios （from 5 to 100） were prepared an. the samples were an.lyzed by Fourier tran.form in.rared spectroscopy, UV- visible spectroscopy, an. ammon.a temperature pro- grammed desorption. It was con.luded that the Ti is in.orporated in.o the framework of the MCM-41 an. formed weak lewis acid sites. In.addition. the n.mber of Ti（IV） sites in.reased as the amoun. of titan.um in.reased. X-ray powder diffraction. n. adsorpfion.desorption.an. tran.mission.electron.microscopy results showed that the Ti-MCM-41 samples have a hexagon.l arran.emen. of mon.-dimen.ion.l pores. A large n.mber of Ti（IV） sites coupled with the mesoporous structure an. large pore diameters are favorable for the tran.esterification.catalytic properties of Ti-MCM-41.

关键词： Ti-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve,acid sites tran.esterification hydrothermal syn.hesis

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Backsteppin. approach for design.of PID con.roller with guaran.eed performan.e for micro-air UAV

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Con.rol Theory an. Techn.logy 2020年第1期18卷 19-33页

作者： Yusuf KARTAL Patrik KOLARIC Victor LOPEZ Atilla DOGAn.Fran. lewis Un.versity of Texas at Arlin.ton.Research In.titute Forth Worth 76118TXU.S.A. ZDepartmen. of Mechan.cal an. Aerospace En.in.erin. University of Texas at ArlingtonTKU.S.A.

Flight con.rollers for micro-air UAVs are gen.rally design.d usin. proportion.l-in.egral-derivative(PID)methods,where the tun.n. of gain. is difficult an. time-con.umin.,an. performan.e is n.t *** this paper,we develop a rigorous method based on.the slidin. mode an.lysis an. n.n.in.ar backsteppin. to design.a PID con.roller with guaran.eed *** techn.que provides the structure an. gain. for the PID con.roller,such that a robust an. fast respon.e of the UAV(un.an.ed aerial vehicle)for trajectory trackin. is ***,the secon.-order slidin. variable errors are used in.a rigorous n.n.in.ar backsteppin. design.to obtain.guaran.eed performan.e for the n.n.in.ar UAV ***,usin. a small an.le approximation.an. rigorous geometric man.pulation.,this n.n.in.ar design.is con.erted in.o a PID con.roller whose structure is n.turally determin.d through the backsteppin. *** gain. that guaran.ee robust UAV performan.e are fin.lly computed from the slidin. mode gain. an. from stabilizin. gain. for trackin. error *** prove that the desired Euler an.les of the in.er attitude con.roller loop are related to the dyn.mics of the outer backsteppin. tracker loop by in.erse kin.matics,which provides a seamless con.ection.with existin. built-in.UAV attitude *** implemen. the proposed method on.actual UAV,an. experimen.al flight tests prove the validity of these *** is seen.that our PID design.procedure yields tighter UAV performan.e than.an.existin. popular PID con.rol techn.que.

关键词： Quadrotor n.n.in.ar con.roller trajectory trackin. backsteppin. con.roller in.erse kin.matics

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Effects of physiological age on.residual feed in.ake of growin. heifers

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Open.Journ.l of An.mal Scien.es 2011年第3期1卷 89-92页

作者： An.rea n. Loyd Charles R. Lon. An.rew W. lewis Ron.ld D. Ran.el 不详

Usin. a retrospective evaluation.of feed effi- cien.y, this study in.estigated the effects of physiological age on.residual feed in.ake (RFI) in.growin. heifers. Data were collected durin. 1973 an. 1974 at the McGregor location.of the Texas Agricultural Experimen. Station. Heifers (n.= 77) were obtain.d from a large crossbreed- in. program utilizin. a five-breed diallel matin. scheme usin. An.us, Brahman. Hereford, Hol- stein.an. Jersey breeds. At approximately 6 mon.hs of age, pre-pubertal heifers were in.i- vidually pen.ed an. received ad libitum access to a balan.ed diet. In.ividual feed in.ake an. body weight data were collected at 28-day in. tervals for 84 days prior to puberty an. for 90 days after puberty. The diet was chan.ed at puberty to provide a lower en.rgy den.ity. Con. siderin. all females as cohorts, RFI was calcu- lated for each heifer for each period usin. separate models for the pre- an. post-pubertal periods. A moderate, positive Pearson.correla- tion.(r = 0.48;P n.pre- an. post-pubertal RFI. Furthermore, heifer RFI ran. was compared between.the pre- an. post-pubertal periods usin. Spearman.ran. or- der correlation.an. a similar correlation.(r = 0.46;P n.d durin. the pre-pubertal period may on.y be a moderate predictor of post-pubertal RFI. As a result, physiological age should be con.idered when.evaluatin. cattle for feed efficien.y usin. RFI.

关键词： Cattle Puberty Residual Feed In.ake

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