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Complementing Water Supply through Rainwater Harvesting in Some Selected Villages of.Sahel Savannah Ecological Zone in Borno State Northeastern Nigeria

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Journal of.Water Resource and Protection 2013年第2期5卷 200-207页

作者： H. T. Ishaku A. P. Abayomi A. A. Sahabo f. M. Dama Department of.Urban and Regional Planning Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria

One of.the greatest environmental challenges that conf.ont rural communities in Nigeria especially in Borno state is scarcity of.water supply. Rainwater harvesting can reduce over dependence on centralized piped water supply and checkmate climate change. This study in two rural communities determined the water per capita use, examined water sources and then estimated the amount of.rainwater that can be harvested by households in these villages. The villages are Kukurpu and Yelwa Bam in Hawul local government area of.Borno state Nigeria. The choice of.the villages is justif.ed on the basis of.their location in the semi-arid region of.the Sahel ecological zone with lesser rainf.ll compared to other parts in the region. Lack of.adequate access to water supply is precursor to water related diseases and challenge to sustainable development. This study used scheduled interview with households and 100 household were surveyed using simple random sampling. In each of.the village, 50 observations were made Results revealed that 87% of.the households rely water f.om hand dug wells, ephemeral streams and boreholes equipped with manual hand pumps that are susceptible to drought and f.equent breakdown. Borno state where the villages are located had a mean annual rainf.ll of.860 mm f.om 1980 to 2009;however, the annual rainwater harvesting potential was put at 51.21 m3. Although over 80% are aware of.rainwater harvesting practices only 2% of.households harvest rainwater due to the seasonality of.rain-f.ll coupled with inadequate water storage f.cilities. There is theref.re the need to embark on massive rainwater harvesting with corresponding water reservoir as a way to reduce the ef.ects of.the f.ve months dry spell experienced in the region.

关键词： Rainwater Harvesting Water Supply Sahel Savannah Ecological Zone

中国电力市场在大规模可再生能源并网中面临的主要问题

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中国电力 2012年第12期45卷 1-3页

作者： J.charles Smith Utility Variable-Generation Integration Group 美国北卡罗来纳27949

大规模的可再生能源发电,如风电和太阳能发电,与传统的化石燃料发电、核电和水电相比,给电力系统运行带来了更多的变动性和不确定性。可再生能源发电的成功并网需要对传统的电力市场结构以及相应的输电规划和市场运营方式按不同可再生... 详细信息

大规模的可再生能源发电,如风电和太阳能发电,与传统的化石燃料发电、核电和水电相比,给电力系统运行带来了更多的变动性和不确定性。可再生能源发电的成功并网需要对传统的电力市场结构以及相应的输电规划和市场运营方式按不同可再生能源的特点和要求重新审视。对支持电力市场发展所需的基本的输电规划结构进行了分析,也对随着日益增加的可再生能源发电并网,确保电力系统可靠运行的关键问题,如电力市场管理区域范围、备用要求、机组协议以及经济的调度方式,进行了分析和阐述。

关键词：可再生能源发电并网风电并网电力市场输电规划市场运营电力系统运行

Transcripts switched of. at the stop of.phloem unloading highlight the energy ef.iciency of.sugar import in the ripening V. vinif.ra f.uit

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2770-2784页

作者： Stef.nia Savoi Laurent Torregrosa charles Romieu AGAP Montpellier UniversityCIRADINRAeInstitut Agro-MontpellierUMT genovigne340602 place VialaMontpellier CEDEXFrance

Transcriptomic changes at the cessation of.sugar accumulation in the pericarp of.Vitis vinif.ra were addressed on single berries re-synchronised according to their individual growth *** net rates of.water,sugars and K+accumulation inf.rred f.om individual growth and solute concentration conf.rmed that these inf.ows stopped simultaneously in the ripe berry,while the small amount of.malic acid remaining at this stage was still being oxidised at low ***-synchronised individual berries displayed negligible variations in gene expression among ***-seq studies revealed sharp reprogramming of.cell-wall enzymes and structural proteins at the stop of.phloem unloading,associated with an 80%repression of.multiple sugar transporters and aquaporins on the plasma or tonoplast membranes,with the noticeable exception of.H^(+)/sugar symporters,which were rather weakly and constitutively *** was verif.ed in three genotypes placed in contrasted thermo-hydric *** prevalence of.SWEET suggests that electrogenic transporters would play a minor role on the plasma membranes of.SE/CC complex and the one of.the f.esh,while sucrose/H+exchangers dominate on its ***-regulatory elements present in their promoters allowed to sort these transporters in dif.erent groups,also including specif.c TIPs and PIPs paralogs,and cohorts of.cell wall-related *** with simple thermodynamic considerations,these results lead to propose that H^(+)/sugar exchangers at the tonoplast,associated with a considerably acidic vacuolar pH,may exhaust cytosolic sugars in the f.esh and alleviate the need f.r supplementary energisation of.sugar transport at the plasma membrane.

关键词： sugar negligible allowed

ZnO DOPED SODIUM SILICATE PREIONIZE N_(2) LASER

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Chinese Physics Letters 1989年第11期6卷 491-494页

作者： M.Montaser f.Sabry S.A.Ibrahim hysics Department Faculty of ScienceMonofia UniversityShibin El-koamEgypt f.culty of.Science Jordan Univ.of Science and Technology IrbidJordan

An experimental study of.the ef.ect of.ZnO doped sodium silicate thin f.lm,used as a semiconductive preionizer on the output energy is *** output energy of.the nitrogen laser increased by two *** perf.rmance of.the pr... 详细信息

关键词： LASER f.lm conductive

The role of.the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the prolif.ration of.adult hippocampal neural stem and precursor cells

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Science China(Lif. Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 403-411页

作者： TAYLOR Chanel J HE RongQiao BARTLETT Perry f Queensland Brain Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane Institute of.Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

New neurons are continuously generated f.om resident pools of.neural stem and precursor cells(NSPCs)in the adult *** are multiple pathways through which adult neurogenesis is regulated,and here we review the role of.the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)in regulating the prolif.ration of.NSPCs in the adult ***-dependent learning tasks,enriched environments,running,and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity,all potently up-regulate hippocampal NSPC *** f.rst consider the requirement of.the NMDAR in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity,and the role the induction of.synaptic plasticity has in regulating NSPCs and newborn *** address how specif.c NMDAR agonists and antagonists modulate prolif.ration,both in vivo and in vitro,and then review the evidence supporting the hypothesis that NMDARs are present on *** believe it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the activation of.adult neurogenesis,given the potential that endogenous stem cell populations have f.r repopulating the hippocampus with f.nctional new *** conditions such as age-related memory decline,neurodegeneration and psychiatric disease,mature neurons are lost or become def.ctive;as such,stimulating adult neurogenesis may provide a therapeutic strategy to overcome these conditions.

关键词： adult neurogenesis stem cell precursor cell NMDA receptor hippocampus synaptic plasticity long-term potentiation(LTP)

Comparative Study of.Valency-Based Topological Descriptor f.r Hexagon Star Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第2期36卷 293-306页

作者： Ali N.A.Koam Ali Ahmad M.f.Nadeem Department of.Mathematics College of ScienceJazan UniversityNew CampusJazan2097Saudi Arabia College of.Computer Science&Inf.rmation Technology Jazan University JazanSaudi Arabia Department of.Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan

A class of.graph invariants ref.rred to today as topological indices are inef.icient progressively acknowledged by scientif.c experts and others to be integral assets in the depiction of.structural *** structure of.an interconnection network can be represented by a *** the network,vertices represent the processor nodes and edges represent the links between the processor *** invariants play a vital f.ature in graph theory and distinguish the structural properties of.graphs and networks.A topological descriptor is a numerical total related to a structure that portray the topology of.structure and is invariant under structure *** are various uses of.graph theory in the f.eld of.basic *** main notable utilization of.a topological descriptor in science was by Wiener in the investigation of.paraf.in breaking *** this paper we study the topological descriptor of.a newly design hexagon star *** preciously,we have computed variation of.the Randic0 R0,f.urth Zagreb M4,f.f.h Zagreb M5,geometric-arithmetic GA;atom-bond connectivity ABC;harmonic H;symmetric division degree SDD;f.rst redef.ned Zagreb,second redef.ned Zagreb,third redef.ned Zagreb,augmented Zagreb AZI,Albertson A;Irregularity measures,Ref.rmulated Zagreb,and f.rgotten topological descriptors f.r hexagon star *** the analysis of.the quantitative structure property relationships(QSPRs)and the quantitative structure activity relationships(QSARs),graph invariants are important tools to approximate and predicate the properties of.the biological and chemical *** also gave the numerical and graphical representations comparisons of.our dif.erent results.

关键词： Topological indices degree-based index hexagon star network

Evidence f.r the ef.cacy and saf.ty of.herbal weight loss preparations

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Journal of.Integrative Medicine 2019年第2期17卷 87-92页

作者： Rachael f.rrington Ian f.Musgrave Roger W.Byard Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide f.rensic Science SA

Rising rates of.obesity across the globe have been associated with an increase in the use of.herbal preparations f.r weight control. However, the mechanisms of.action f.r these substances are of.en not known,as is the potential f.r interaction with other herbal preparations or prescription pharmaceutical drugs. To investigate the reported ef.icacy and saf.ty of.herbal weight loss preparations, we conducted a review of.the literature f.cusing on herbs that are most commonly used in weight loss preparations, specif.cally,Garcinia cambogia, Camellia sinensis, Hoodia gordonii, Citrus aurantium and Coleus f.rskohlii. There was no clear evidence that the above herbal preparations would cause sustained long-term weight loss in humans in the long term. Serious illness and even death have occasionally resulted f.om the use of.herbal weight loss preparations. f.w clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate the ef.icacy and/or saf.ty of.herbal weight loss preparations. In addition, potential issues of.herb–herb and herb–drug interactions are of.en not considered. Regulation of.these products is much less rigorous than f.r prescription medications, despite documented cases of.associated hepatotoxicity.

关键词： Weight loss Hepatotoxicity Complementary medicine Traditional Chinese medicine

Low Temperature Growth of.Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes via f.oating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Method

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Journal of.Materials Science & Technology 2011年第4期27卷 296-300页

作者： M.R.Atiyah D.R.Awang Biak f.Ahmadun I.S.Ahamad f.Mohd Yasin H.Mohamed Yusof. Department of.Chemical and Environmental Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia

Synthesis of.carbon nanotubes （CNTs） below 600℃ using supporting catalyst chemical vapor deposition method was reported by many research groups. However, the f.oating catalyst chemical vapor deposition received less attention due to imperf.ct nanotubes produced. In this work, the ef.ects of.varying the preheating temperature on the synthesis of.CNT were investigated. The reaction temperature was set at 570℃. The preheating set temperature was varied f.om 150 to 400℃ at 50℃ interval. Three O-ring shape heating mantels were used as heating source f.r the preheater. In situ monitoring device was used to observe the temperature prof.le in the reactor. Benzene and f.rrocene were used as the carbon source and catalyst precursor, respectively. Vertically aligned CNTs were synthesized when the preheating temperature was set at 400℃. When the preheating temperature was increased up to 400℃, both the length and the alignment of.CNTs produced were improved.

关键词： Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) f.oating catalyst Low synthesistemperature Preheating set temperature