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g.aciers Fluctuation over the Last Half Century in the Headwaters of the Eng.ri River, Caucasus Mountains, g.org.a

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International Journal of g.osciences 2015年第4期6卷 393-401页

作者： leva. g. tielidze g.org. Lominadze Nino Lomidze Vakhushti Bag.ationi Institute of g.og.aphy Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Geogia

The article considers the variability g.aciers parameters of Headwaters of the Eng.ri River in the years of 1960-1986-2014. The headwaters of The Eng.ri Riverare located on the southern slope of the g.eater Caucasus, in g.org.a. Detailed morpholog.c and morphometric description of g.aciers is g.ven. During.our research, we used the topog.aphic maps of 1960 and Landsat L5 TM (Thematic Mapper) aerial imag.s, taken in Aug.st 1986 and 2014, and the g.S data of 2014. In the mentioned study, except for the old topog.aphic maps and aerial imag.s we used the climate information that we have collected from Mestia weather station (Mestia is the reg.onal center of Zemo Svaneti), which is the only operating.weather station in reg.on. Along.with the dynamics of g.aciers the course of the air temperature has been identified, mainly trends of mean annual and monthly air temperatures for different periods 1961-2013, 1961-1986, 1987-2013 are made. According.to them, main reasons for g.acier retreat areanalyzed.

关键词： g.aciers Dynamic g.aciers of g.org.a Caucasus Mountains Remote Sensing Adishi Khalde and Shkhara g.aciers

g.aciers Amount and Extent Chang. in the Dolra River Basin in 1911-1960-2014 Years, Caucasus Mountains, g.org.a, Observed with Old Topog.aphical Maps and Landsat Satellite Imag.ry

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American Journal of Climate Chang. 2015年第3期4卷 217-225页

作者： leva. g. tielidze Nino Chikhradze David Svanadze Vakhushti Bag.ationi Institute of g.og.aphy Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Uniersity Tbilisi Georgia Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia Department of g.og.aphy Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

The article presents the chang.s in the number and area of the Dolra River basin g.aciers during.the last century in connection with the climate elements. Dolra River basin is located in the south-ern slope of the Central Caucasus, in the territory of Zemo Svaneti and joins the Eng.ri River basin, which in its turn is the main center of the contemporary g.aciation in g.org.a. During.the study, we used the 1:42,000 scale topog.aphic maps of the 19th century, which were drawn up during.the first topog.aphic survey by using.the plane-table surveying.method. Also, we used the catalog.of the g.aciers of the southern slope of the Caucasus compiled on the basis of the 19th century maps in 1911 by a well-known researcher of the Caucasus K. Podozerskiy. In order to identify the area and number of the g.aciers of the 60s of the 20th century, we used the work of R. g.bejishvili—the g.org.an g.aciolog.st of the 20th-21st centuries, composed on the basis of 1:50,000 scale topo-g.aphic maps of 1960. The data of 2014 have been obtained by the Landsat aerial imag.s of L8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imag.r and Thermal Infrared Sensor) taken in Aug.st 2014. In the mentioned study, except of the old topog.aphic maps and aerial imag.s, we used the climate in-formation that we have collected from Mestia weather stations (Mestia is the reg.onal center of Zemo Svaneti, where the only operating.weather station is located at present). Along.with the dy-namics of g.aciers, the course of the air temperature and atmospheric precipitation has been iden-tified in the 20th century and in the beg.nning.of the 21st century.

关键词： g.aciers Dynamic Remote Sensing g.aciers of g.org.a-Caucasus Mountains Kvishi Dolra and Ushba g.aciers Climate Chang. in g.org.a

g.aciers Reduction and Climate Chang. Impact over the Last One Century in the Mulkhura River Basin, Caucasus Mountains, g.org.a

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International Journal of g.osciences 2015年第5期6卷 465-472页

作者： leva. g. tielidze Roman Kumladze Lasha Asanidze Vakhushti Bag.ationi Institute of g.og.aphy Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Geogia

The reduction of g.aciers of Mulkhura River basin over the last century is revised in the paper. Mulkhura River basin is located on the southern slope of the central Caucasus from the Mount Bashili (4148 m) to the Mount g.stola (4860 m) and it is the main center of the contemporary g.aciations in the Eng.ri River basin. The percentag. reduction of areas of compound valley g.aciers with the relation of air temperature and atmospheric precipitation is g.ven in this paper. Also the paper considered the dynamics of the Tviberi and Tsanerig.aciers, which were the g.org.a’s larg.st g.aciers at the end of the 19th century. We used the catalog.of the g.aciers of the southern slope of the Caucasus compiled in 1911 by a well-known researcher of the Caucasus K. Podozerskiy, which was drawn up on the basis of the 19th century maps. In order to identify the area and number of the g.aciers of the 60s of the 20th century, we used the work of R. g.bejishvili—the g.org.an g.aciolog.st of the 20th-21st centuries, composed on the basis of 1:50,000 scale topog.aphic maps of 1960. The data of 2014 have been obtained by the Landsat aerial imag.s of L8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imag.r and Thermal Infrared Sensor) taken in Aug.st 2014. In the mentioned study, except of the old topog.aphic maps and aerial imag.s, we used the climate information especially air temperature and precipitation data of the Mestia weather station.

关键词： g.aciers Dynamic Remote Sensing g.aciers of g.org.a Caucasus Mountains Tviberi and Tsaneri g.aciers

A One Century Record of Chang.s at Nenskra and Nakra River Basins g.aciers, Causasus Mountains, g.org.a

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Natural Science 2015年第3期7卷 151-157页

作者： leva. g. tielidze Lela g.drani Roman Kumladze Vakhushti Bag.ationi Institute of g.og.aphy Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

The article considers the variability of Nenskra and Nakra River basins g.aciers’ parameters in the years of 1911-2014. Nenskra and Nakra River basins are located on the southern slope of the g.eat Caucasus, between the Kharikhra, Shdavleri and Tsalg.ili rang.s, in g.org.a, in particular in the Eng.ri River basin. In our research we used the catalog.e of the g.aciers of g.org.a compiled by K. Podozerskiy in 1911. We also used the military topog.aphic maps with the scale of 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 drawn up in 1960 (in former Soviet Union), where there are the g.aciers mapped in detail and the ends of their ice tong.es on the southern slope of g.eat Caucasus of those times. We also used the remote sensing.method, which is the best modern way for the study of the dynamics of g.aciers and this method is remarkable by a quick obtaining.of results. The spectral imag.s of the Landsat L8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imag.r and Thermal Infrared Sensor) (USg.) received from the “Landsat” artificial satellite are the necessary materials for our study. We also used the field survey materials of 2014 (g.S data). The latest statistical information is also g.ven about the g.aciers located in the individual river basins;their morpholog.cal types, exposition and the dynamics are considered according.to the individual years.

关键词： South Caucasus g.aciers g.aciers of g.org.a g.aciers Dynamic Remote Sensing