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Adaptive immunity in the liver

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 354-368页

作者： Zongw.n Shuai Miranda w. leung Xiaosong He w.ici Zhang Guoxiang Yang Patrick.SC leung M Eric Gershw.n Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022 China.

The anatomical architecture of the human liver and the diversity of its immune components endow.the liver w.th its physiological function of immune competence. Adaptive immunity is a major arm of the immune system that is organized in a highly specialized and systematic manner, thus providing long-lasting protection w.th immunological memory. Adaptive immunity consists of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Cellular immunity is k.ow. to have a crucial role in controlling infection, cancer and autoimmune disorders in the liver. In this article, w. w.ll focus on hepatic virus infections, hepatocellular carcinoma and autoimmune disorders as examples to illustrate the current understanding of the contribution of T cells to cellular immunity in these maladies. Cellular immune suppression is primarily responsible for chronic viral infections and cancer. How.ver, an uncontrolled auto-reactive immune response accounts for autoimmunity. Consequently, these immune abnormalities are ascribed to the quantitative and functional changes in adaptive immune cells and their subsets, innate immunocytes, chemok.nes, cytok.nes and various surface receptors on immune cells. A greater understanding of the complex orchestration of the hepatic adaptive immune regulators during homeostasis and immune competence are much needed to identify relevant targets for clinical intervention to treat immunological disorders in the liver.

关键词： adaptive immunity T cells immunopathogenesis antiviral immunity

Lanthanide mechanoluminescence

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第1期36卷 1-41页

作者： Jean-Claude G.Bünzli k.-leung w.ng Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China

Mechanoluminescence （ML） is the emission of light consecutive to a mechanical force or stress imposed to a crystalline material. Many inorganic and organic compounds present this phenomenon that is k.ow. for over 400 years. Lanthanide and uranyl salts w.re among the first substances investigated for this property. Mechanoluminescence, also referred to as triboluminescence, is often considered as being a badly understood phenomenon. In fact it is because of tw. main reasons. Firstly, a variety of different mechanical stresses, from simple rubbing, to applied pressure, crushing, impact of a w.ight, ultrasound, laser-generated shock.w.ve, crystallization, dissolution of crystals, or even w.nd can trigger it. Secondly, ML is very sensitive to the purity and morphology of the sample： in inorganic compounds, generation of traps by doping ＂impurities＂（e.g. lanthanide ions） is responsible for light emission so that the exact composition of the sample has to be k.ow. to a very detailed level; for chelates, the crystallization conditions are crucial since they often generate extended netw.rk. of w.ak.interactions that are instrumental in triggering ML w.en they are brok.n. In fact mechanisms of ML are relatively w.ll k.ow. and theories and models often reproduce very w.ll the experiments. Additionally, practical applications are at hand, for example stress, crack. and impact sensors based on SrAI204：Eu11 or Et3NH[Eu（dbm）4] are used to test structures and materials as diverse as road bridges, reinforced concrete elements, pressur- ized containers or airplane w.ngs and to image the propagation of crack. or stress distribution. Military and security applications involve detecting the passage of vehicle or soldiers and producing counter- feiting ink. w.ile more joyful applications are luminous balls, w.apping papers and adhesive tapes. Not only bulk.materials, but micro- and nanoparticles feature mechanoluminescent properties and single particle manipulation under an AFM allow.

关键词： MechanoluminescenceRare earthsStress sensorsPressure sensorsImpact sensors

Symptomatic Tarlov cyst and electroacupuncture: more studies required

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第1期13卷 58-60页

作者： k.0}n leung Chia School of Medicine Flinders University

Tarlov cysts, w.ich develop betw.en the endoneurium and perineurium, are perineural cysts that are defined as cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）-filled saccular lesions commonly located in the extradural space of the sacral spinal canall. They are rare, show.ng up in 1.5% to 4.6% of patients receiving magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） for their lumbosacral symptoms, and only 1% or less of Tarlov cysts are considered to be symptomatic.

关键词： acupuncture therapy back.pain Tarlov cysts case reports

高掺量粉煤灰高延性水泥基复合材料的制备和性能

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硅酸盐学报 2009年第12期37卷 2071-2077页

作者：庞超明 leung C k.Y 孙伟东南大学材料科学与工程学院江苏省土木工程材料重点实验室南京211189 香港科技大学土木工程与环境学院中国香港九龙

高延性水泥基复合材料(high ductility cementitious composites,HDCC)是一种具有应变硬化、多缝开裂和高延性等特性的新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,其材料设计必须取得基体韧度、界面黏结和纤维特性三者的最优组合,因此,HDCC的制备必须... 详细信息

高延性水泥基复合材料(high ductility cementitious composites,HDCC)是一种具有应变硬化、多缝开裂和高延性等特性的新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,其材料设计必须取得基体韧度、界面黏结和纤维特性三者的最优组合,因此,HDCC的制备必须优选原材料和优化配合比,以取得最优的材料制备技术。从配合比设计入手,研究了粉煤灰含量、胶砂比等对HDCC力学性能的影响,优化了特定材料下的材料制备技术。结果表明:粉煤灰含量、胶砂比和养护条件对HDCC的拉伸性能均具有较大的影响。随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,砂含量的降低,拉伸应变增大。当砂含量较高时,基体开裂韧度较高,基体的极限拉伸应力下对应的极限拉伸应变较小,然而随着应力的下降,复合材料仍然能维持相当大的应变。

关键词：高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料拉伸性能粉煤灰含量胶砂比

An Adjoint StateMethod for Numerical Approximation of Continuous Traffic Congestion Equilibria

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第10期10卷 1113-1131页

作者： Songting Luo Shingyu leung Jianliang Qian Department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong Kong

The equilibriummetric forminimizing a continuous congested trafficmodel is the solution of a variational problem involving geodesic *** continuous equilibrium metric and its associated variational problem are closely related to the classical discrete w.rdrop’s *** propose an adjoint state method to numerically approximate continuous traffic congestion equilibria through the continuous *** method formally derives an adjoint state equation to compute the gradient descent direction so as to minimize a nonlinear functional involving the equilibrium metric and the resulting geodesic *** geodesic distance needed for the state equation is computed by solving a factored eik.nal equation,and the adjoint state equation is solved by a fast sw.eping *** examples demonstrate that the proposed adjoint state method produces desired equilibrium metrics and outperforms the subgradient marching method for computing such equilibrium metrics.

关键词： Traffic congestion adjoint state method gradient descent fast sw.eping method factored eik.nal equation

Binary cyclic codes w.th tw. primitive nonzeros

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第7期56卷 1403-1412页

作者： FENG Tao leung k.Hin XIANG Qing Department of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang University Department of Mathematical Sciences National University of Singapore Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Delaware

In this paper, w. mak. some progress tow.rds a w.ll-k.ow. conjecture on the minimum w.ights of binary cyclic codes w.th tw. primitive nonzeros. w. also determine the w.lsh spectrum of Tr(x d ) over F2m in the case w.e... 详细信息

关键词： cyclic code minimum w.ight w.lsh spectrum

A Fast Local Level Set Method for Inverse Gravimetry

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第9期10卷 1044-1070页

作者： Victor Isak.v Shingyu leung Jianliang Qian Department of Mathematics and Statistics Wichita State UniversityWichitaKansasUSA Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong Kong SAR Department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

w. propose a fast local level set method for the inverse problem of *** theoretical foundation for our approach is based on the follow.ng uniqueness result:if an open set D is star-shaped or x3-convex w.th respect to its center of gravity,then its exterior potential uniquely determines the open set *** achieve this purpose constructively,the first challenge is how.to parametrize this open set D as its boundary may have a variety of possible *** describe those different shapes w. propose to use a level-set function to parametrize the unk.ow. boundary of this open *** second challenge is how.to deal w.th the issue of partial data as gravimetric measurements are only made on a part of a given reference domainΩ.To overcome this difficulty,w. propose a linear numerical continuation approach based on the single layer representation to find potentials on the boundary of some artificial domain containing the unk.ow. set *** third challenge is how.to speed up the level set inversion *** on some features of the underlying inverse gravimetry problem such as the potential density being constant inside the unk.ow. domain,w. propose a novel numerical approach w.ich is able to tak. advantage of these features so that the computational speed is accelerated by an order of *** carry out numerical experiments for both tw.-and three-dimensional cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new.algorithm.

关键词： Level set methods inverse gravimetry fast algorithms numerical continuation

Pediatric COVID‑19:w.at disease is this?

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w.rld Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期16卷 323-325页

作者： k.m Lun Ellis Hon k.ren k. Yan leung Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Hong Kong Children’s HospitalHong Kong SARChina

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic spares no nations or cities causing escalating incidence and ***,prime ministers,celebrities and high government officials alik. have been affected by the *** peculiar reasons,children and infants have generally been spared in Hong k.ng,China until recently,w.en returning students from affected cities w.th the virus w.o largely presented w.th mild *** fact,several countries have reported on pediatric COVID-19.

关键词： mortality officials Royal

Effect of composition on flexural behavior of engineered cementitious composites

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第12期55卷 3425-3433页

作者： PAN JinLong YUAN Fang LUO Min leung k.nYing k.y Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education School of Civil Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Jiangsu Posts & Telecommunications Planning and Designing Institute CO.LTD. Nanjing 210006 China Department o fCtvtl and Envtronmental Engmeermg Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China

In this paper, four point bending tests w.re carried out to investigate the flexural properties of PVA fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC) w.th different mix proportions. Based on the test results, the flexural toughness w.s evaluated w.th the methods of JSCE and post crack.strength method (PCSm), respectively. Several parameters such as amount of w.ter reducer, amount of sand, and fiber volume fraction w.re investigated to study their effects on the flexural toughness of ECC beams. According to the test results, superfluous w.ter reducing additions can cause adverse effect on strength of the matrix and interfacial bond betw.en fibers and the matrix, resulting in decreased bending strength and flexural toughness of ECC beams. Increase of the fiber volume fraction can result in increased flexural strength and toughness due to enhanced bridging effect betw.en fibers and cementitious matrix. High amount of sand can reduce ductility and strain hardening behavior of ECC material, and better flexural toughness can be achieved w.en the amount of sand by w.ight is set to 0.2 for current w.ter/cement ratio.

关键词： ECC composition four-point bending test flexural toughness