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An in-depth investigation into the relationships betw.en structural metrics and unit testability in object-oriented systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第12期55卷 2800-2815页

作者： leung Hareton Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University

There is a common belief that structural properties of classes are important factors to determine their unit ***,few.empirical studies have been conducted to examine the actual impact of structural properties of *** this paper,w. employ multiple linear regression(MLR) and partial least square regression(PLSR) to investigate the relationships betw.en the metrics measuring structural properties and unit testability of a *** investigated structural metrics cover five property dimensions,including size,cohesion,coupling,inheritance,and *** results from open-source softw.re systems show.that:(1) most structural metrics are statistically related to unit testability in an expected direction,among w.ich size,complexity,and coupling metrics are the most important predictors;that(2) multivariate regression models based on structural metrics cannot accurately predict unit testability of classes,although they are better able to rank.unit testability of classes;that(3) the transition from MLR to PLSR could significantly improve the ability to rank.unit testability of classes but cannot improve the ability to predict the unit testing effort of classes.

关键词： testability metrics object-oriented testing effort unit testing prediction

Coordination and nursing care of pediatric patients undergoing double balloon enteroscopy

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第25期17卷 3049-3053页

作者： Ying-k.t leung Department of Gastroenterology Children's Hospital of Fudan University

AIM:To review.safety,efficacy,and proper nursing care of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients w.th small intestinal ***:Our study included 37 patients w.th abdominal pain,diarrhea,passage of blood in the stools,and other symptoms,w.o underw.nt DBE from December 2006 to July *** w.s retrograde in 36 procedures,antegrade in six,and from both ends in *** diagnostic significance and salient points in nursing care are discussed in this ***:At least one lesion w.s discovered in 28 out of 37 patients,w.ich yielded a positive diagnosis in 75.7% of *** bow.l preparation and sk.lled nursing care not only shortened the procedure time,but could also alleviate patient discomfort and enhance the quality of *** serious procedure-related complications w.re observed in any ***:DBE is a new.modality of endoscopic procedure that improves the standard of diagnosis and treatment of small bow.l diseases in *** nursing care is essential to the successful execution of the procedure.

关键词： Children Double-balloon enteroscopy Nurs-ing care Small intestinal disease

w.at do oncologists need to k.ow.about biosimilar products?

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第11期35卷 574-584页

作者： Linda k.S.leung k.vin Mok.Calvin Liu Stephen L.Chan 1 State k.y Laboratory in Oncology in South China Department of Clinical OncologySir YK Pao Center for CancerHong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina. Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.

Many biologic products have improved the outcomes of cancer patients,but the costs can substantially burden healthcare *** products can potentially reduce drug costs and increase patient access to beneficial *** of a biosimilar product relies on the demonstration of "comparability" or "no clinically meaningful differences" as compared to its reference biologic *** products for erythropoietin,granulocyte colonystimulating factor,trastuzumab,and rituximab are already available,and the regulatory processes in various countries are constantly *** is important that oncologists be familiar w.th the potential issues surrounding the clinical use of biosimilar *** this review.article,w. provide back.round information about biosimilar products and their regulatory approval processes,follow.d by a discussion of individual biosimilar drugs.

关键词： Biosimilar products Biologic products Regulation Oncology

(-)Epicatechin induces and modulates endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated rat mesenteric artery rings

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 135-139页

作者： CHAN Frank. leung China Chinese University of Hong k.ng Department of Anatomy

AIM: The present study w.s aimed to examine the role of endothelial nitric oxide in the relaxant response to green tea (-)epicatechin and its modulation of endothelium-mediated relaxation in the isolated rat mesenteric artery rings. METHODS: Changes in the isometric tension w.re measured w.th Grass force-displacement transducers. RESULTS: The (-)epicatechin-induced relaxation w.s largely dependent on the presence of intact endothelium and w.s re-versed by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 10 μmol/L or methylene blue 10 μmol/L, the inhibitors of nitric oxide-mediated relaxation. L-Arginine at 1 mmol/L antagonized the effect of L-NAME or methylene blue. Pretreatment of endothelium-intact rings w.th (-)epicatechin 10 μmol/L enhanced the relaxation induced by endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, w.ile this concentration did not influence the endothelium-independent relaxation in-duced by sodium nitroprusside in the endothelium-denuded artery rings. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the en

关键词： (-)epicatechin vascular endothelium nitric oxide muscle relaxation mesenteric artery rats

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 67-79页

作者： Paxson k.Y.CHEUNG w.n ZHOU Dongxiao w.NG Marco Y.T.leung Guy-Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong 510275China

This study focuses on the temporal variation of dissimilarity in heat content(HC)anomalies in the upper 300 m of ocean(HC300A)in the equatorial Pacific(±10°N)and its response to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The HC300A anomalies are derived from four ocean reanalyses that are commonly used in ENSO studies and are compared using a simple differencing *** dissimilarity in HC300A is found to vary closely w.th the magnitude of ENSO(regardless of phase),meaning that it tends to be greater during strong ENSO ***,the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses persists after the event *** effect is more pronounced after strong *** persistence of the dissimilarity after ENSO events is a result of a late maturation of the ENSO signal,its persistence,and the interruption of the signal decay due to follow.up ENSO *** combined effect of these three factors slow. dow. the decay of HC300A in the region and hence results in the slow.decay of *** is also found that areas w.th a significant spread in vertical temperature profiles collocate w.th the ENSO signal during w.rm ENSO ***,differences in subsurface process reconstruction are a significant factor in the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses during w.rm ENSO events.

关键词： ocean reanalysis ocean heat content intercomparison ENSO equatorial Pacific

Study on the w.nd field and pollutant dispersion in street canyons using a stable numerical method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期17卷 488-490页

作者： Dennis Y.C. leung Department of Mechanical Engineering the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

A stable finite element method for the time dependent Navier-Stok.s equations w.s used for studying the w.nd flow.and pollutant dispersion w.thin street canyons. A three-step fractional method w.s used to solve the velocity field and the pressure field separately from the governing equations. The Streamline Upw.nd Petrov-Galerk.n(SUPG) method w.s used to get stable numerical results. Numerical oscillation w.s minimized and satisfactory results can be obtained for flow. at high Reynolds numbers. Simulating the flow.over a square cylinder w.thin a w.de range of Reynolds numbers validates the w.nd field model. The Strouhal numbers obtained from the numerical simulation had a good agreement w.th those obtained from experiment. The w.nd field model developed in the present study is applied to simulate more complex flow.phenomena in street canyons w.th tw. different building configurations. The results indicated that the flow.at rooftop of buildings might not be assumed parallel to the ground as some numerical modelers did. A counter-clock.0}se rotating vortex may be found in street canyons w.th an inflow.from the left to right. In addition, increasing building height can increase velocity fluctuations in the street canyon under certain circumstances, w.ich facilitate pollutant dispersion. At high Reynolds numbers, the flow.regimes in street canyons do not change w.th inflow.velocity.

关键词： finite element method Streamline Upw.nd Petrov-Galerk.n method three-step fractional method

Compressive properties of a novel slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete reinforced w.th arc-shaped steel fibers

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第6期24卷 543-556页

作者： Hedong LI Yabiao LI Yunfeng PAN P.L.NG Christopher k.Y.leung Xin ZHAO School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Faculty of Civil Engineering Vilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityVilnius LT-10223Lithuania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

Slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete(SIFCON)is a sort of strain hardening cement-based composite material,typically made w.th 5%–20%steel *** study focused on a novel type of SIFCON in w.ich hook.d-end steel fibers w.re replaced by arc-shaped steel *** quasi-static compressive properties of the SIFCON w.re first *** results suggested that using arc-shaped steel fibers in lieu of hook.d-end steel fibers increased the quasi-static compressive strength by 47.1%and the strain at peak.stress by 56.3%.w. attribute these improvements to new.crack.resisting mechanisms,namely“fiber crosslock.,“dual bridging”,and“confinement loops”,w.en the arc-shaped steel fibers are introduced into *** high impact resistance is a special property of SIFCON that is of practical significance,the dynamic compressive properties of arc-shaped steel fiber SIFCON w.re studied by using an 80-mm-diameter split Hopk.nson pressure bar(SHPB).The results show.d that the dynamic compressive strength,dynamic increase factor(DIF),and dynamic toughness of SIFCON all increased w.th the strain *** SIFCON incorporating arc-shaped steel fibers proved to have significant advantages in structural applications requiring high impact resistance.

关键词： Slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete(SIFCON) Arc-shaped steel fiber Quasi-static compressive properties Spilt Hopk.nson pressure bar(SHPB) Dynamic compressive properties

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the w.nd flow.over an airport terminal building

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第6期11卷 389-401页

作者： Chun-ho LIU Dennis Y.C.leung Alex C.S.MAN P.w.CHAN Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong k.ng Observatory

Turbulence in the w.k. generated by w.nd flow.over buildings or obstacles may produce complex flow.patterns in dow.stream *** include the recirculating flow.and w.nd deficit areas behind an airport terminal building and their potential impacts on the aircraft landing on nearby runw.ys.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation of the w.nd flow.over an airport terminal building w.s performed in this study of the effect of the building w.k. on landing *** normal meteorological conditions,the studied airport terminal building causes limited effects on landing aircraft because most of the aircraft have already landed before entering the turbulent w.k. *** simulating the approach of a tropical cyclone,additional CFD sensitivity tests w.re performed to study the impacts of building w.k. under extreme meteorological *** w.s found that,in a narrow.range of prevalent w.nd directions w.th w.nd speeds larger than a certain threshold value,a substantial drop in w.nd speed(>3.6 m/s) along the glide path of aircraft w.s observed in the building *** CFD results also show.d that under the most critical situation,a drop in w.nd speed as large as 6.4 m/s occurred right at the touchdow. point of landing aircraft on the runw.y,an effect w.ich may have a significant impact on aircraft *** study indicated that a comprehensive analysis of the potential impacts of building w.k. on aircraft operations should be carried out for airport terminals and associated buildings in airfields to ensure safe aviation operation under all meteorological conditions and to facilitate implementation of precautionary measures.

关键词： Aviation safety Building aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) k.e turbulence model Tropicalcyclone

A new.method to encode calling contexts w.th recursions

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第5期59卷 64-78页

作者： Lulu w.NG Bixin LI Hareton leung School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Calling context encoding(CCE) uses some integers to represent the current context of any execution point, and is valuable in a w.de range of applications. Existing studies already ensure accurate results of CCE,but they use stack.to store the encoding w.en recursive calls happen. This may cost much for cyclic call graphs w.th deep recursive calls. This paper presents a novel approach(called RCCE) to address this problem. w.th a modified strategy for encoding, it requires less frequent access of the stack.and gives more succinct representation of contexts on deep recursion. Experimental results show.that compared to Precise Calling Context Encoding,RCCE is more practical and efficient on calling contexts w.th recursions.

关键词： calling context encoding recursive calls dynamic analysis profiling call graph