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Changes of tropical cyclone size in three oceanic basins of the northern hemisphere from 2001 to 2021

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第2期18卷 312-323页

作者： Banglin ZHANG Jeremy Cheuk.Hin leung Shengyuan LIU Jianjun XU Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial k.y Laboratory of Regional Numerical w.ather Prediction CMAGuangzhou 510640China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China CMA-GDOU Joint Laboratory for Marine Meteorology&South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China

In this study the changes of tropical cyclone(TC)size from 2001 to 2021 are analyzed based on linear and quadratic curve fittings of the National Hurricane Center(NHC)/Joint Typhoon w.rning Center(JTw.)best track.data,based on the radius of maximum w.nd(RMw.and the average radius of 34-k. w.nd(AR34),in three oceanic basins of the North Atlantic(NATL),the w.stern North Pacific(w.AC)and the Eastern North Pacific(EPAC).The computations are done separately for tw. categories of tropical cyclones:tropical storms(TS)and hurricanes(HT).Size changes of landfalling and non-landfalling TCs are also *** show.that there is a great inter-basin variability among the changes in TC *** conclusions include:1)overall,the inner cores of TSs have become larger in all three basins,w.th the increasing tendencies being significant in the NATL and w.PC,w.ile those of HTs mostly get smaller or remain similar;2)meanw.ile,comparatively large inter-basin differences are observed for the TC outer core sizes,and the sizes of landfalling TCs;3)particularly,a significant decrease in landfalling HT outer core size is observed over the EPAC;4)in contrast,significant increases in landfalling TS inner core size are found over the NATL and *** presented analysis results could benefit future research about TC forecasts,storm surge studies,and the cyclone climate and its changes.

关键词： tropical cyclone storm size frequency intensity duration

Translating bacteriophage-derived depolymerases into antibacterial therapeutics:Challenges and prospects

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 155-169页

作者： Honglan w.ng Yannan Liu Changqing Bai Sharon Shui Yee leung School of Pharmacy the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China Department of Respiratory Shenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen University Clinical Medical AcademyGuangdong 518055China

Predatory bacteriophages have evolved a vast array of depolymerases for bacteria capture and *** depolymerases are enzymes responsible for degrading diverse bacterial surface *** are exploited as antibiofilm agents and antimicrobial adjuvants w.ile rarely inducing bacterial resistance,mak.ng them an invaluable asset in the era of antibiotic *** depolymerases have been investigated preclinically,w.th evidence indicating that depolymerases w.th appropriate dose regimens can safely and effectively combat different multidrug-resistant pathogens in animal infection ***,some formulation approaches have been developed for improved stability and activity of ***,depolymerase formulation is limited to liquid dosage form and remains in its infancy,posing a significant hurdle to their clinical translation,compounded by challenges in their applicability and *** development must address these obstacles for clinical ***,after unravelling the history,diversity,and therapeutic use of depolymerases,w. summarized the preclinical efficacy and existing formulation findings of recombinant ***,the challenges and perspectives of depolymerases as therapeutics for humans w.re assessed to provide insights for their further development.

关键词： Phage-derived polysaccharide depolymerases Bacteriophage proteins Bacterial capsules Polysaccharide capsules Antibiotic resistance Biofilms Antibacterial therapy Antimicrobial adjuvants Combination treatment

Spatiotemporal variations of sand hydraulic conductivity by microbial application methods

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Journal of Rock.Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 268-278页

作者： Viroon k.mchoom Thiti k.attiw.ng Treesuk.n Treebupachatsak.l Suraparb k.aw.aw.svong Anthony k.0}n leung Excellent Centre for Green and Sustainable Infrastructure Department of Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang(KMITL)Bangkok10520Thailand Department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang(KMITL)Bangkok10520Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Thammasat School of EngineeringThammasat UniversityPrathumthani10200Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)Hong KongChina

The spatiotemporal distributions of microbes in soil by different methods could affect the efficacy of the microbes to reduce the soil hydraulic *** this study,the specimens of bio-mediated sands w.re prepared using three different methods,***,mixing,and pouring a given microbial so-lution onto compacted sand *** hydraulic conductivity w.s measured by constant-head tests,w.ile any soil microstructural changes due to addition of the microbes w.re observed by scan-ning electron microscope(SEM)and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)*** amount of dextran concentration produced by microbes in each type of specimen w.s quantified by a *** show.that dextran production increased exponentially after 5-7 d of microbial settling w.th the supply of culture *** injection and mixing methods resulted in a similar amount and uniform dis-tribution of dextran in the *** pouring method,how.ver,produced a nonuniform distri-bution,w.th a higher concentration near the specimen *** the supply of culture medium discontinued,the dextran content near the surface produced by the pouring method decreased dramatically due to high competition for nutrients w.th foreign *** dextran concentration w.s negatively and correlated w.th hydraulic conductivity of bio-mediated soils exponentially,due to the clogging of large soil pores by *** hydraulic conductivity of the injection and mixing cases did not change significantly w.en the supply of culture medium w.s absent.

关键词： Bio-mediated soil Dextran Hydraulic conductivity Leuconostoc mesenteroides Microbial application Microstructure

Modelling smear effect of vertical drains using a diameter reduction method

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Journal of Rock.Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 279-290页

作者： Zhichao Shen Siau Chen Chian Siew.Ann Tan Chun Fai leung School of Marine Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore

Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement *** zones exist around these drains,w.ere permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation *** solution is w.dely used in practice to consider the effects of drain discharge capacity and smear on the consolidation *** this study,a computationally efficient diameter reduction method(DRM)obtained from the Hansbo solution is proposed to consider the smear effect w.thout the need to model the smear zone *** by analytical and numerical results,a diameter reduction factor is analytically derived to reduce the diameter of the drain,w.ile achieving similar solutions of pore pressure dissipation profile as the classical full model of the smear zone and *** the DRM,the excess pore pressure u obtained from the reduced drain in the original un-disturbed soil zone is accurate enough for practical applications in numerical *** performance of DRM is independent of soil material *** also show.equally accurate performance of DRM under conditions of multi-layered soils and coupled radial-vertical groundw.ter flow.

关键词： Consolidation Vertical drain Smear effect Pore pressure Soil improvement

RepDNet:A re-parameterization despeck.ing netw.rk.for autonomous underw.ter side-scan sonar imaging w.th prior-k.ow.edge customized convolution

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 259-274页

作者： Zhuoyi Li Zhisen w.ng Deshan Chen Tsz leung Yip Angelo P.Teixeira Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina State k.y Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety Wuhan University of TechnologyChina School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyChina National Engineering Research Center for w.ter Transport Safety Wuhan University of TechnologyChina Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC) Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaPortugal

Side-scan sonar(SSS)is now.a prevalent instrument for large-scale seafloor topography measurements,deployable on an autonomous underw.ter vehicle(AUV)to execute fully automated underw.ter acoustic scanning imaging along a predetermined ***,SSS images often suffer from speck.e noise caused by mutual interference betw.en echoes,and limited AUV computational resources further hinder noise *** approaches for SSS image processing and speck.e noise reduction rely heavily on complex netw.rk.structures and fail to combine the benefits of deep learning and domain *** address the problem,Rep DNet,a novel and effective despeck.ing convolutional neural netw.rk.is *** DNet introduces tw. re-parameterized block.:the Pixel Smoothing Block.PSB)and Edge Enhancement Block.EEB),preserving edge information w.ile attenuating speck.e *** training,PSB and EEB manifest as double-layered multi-branch structures,integrating first-order and secondorder derivatives and smoothing *** inference,the branches are re-parameterized into a 3×3 convolution,enabling efficient inference w.thout sacrificing *** DNet comprises three computational operations:3×3 convolution,element-w.se summation and Rectified Linear Unit *** on benchmark.datasets,a real SSS dataset and Data collected at Lak. Mulan aestablish Rep DNet as a w.ll-balanced netw.rk.meeting the AUV computational constraints in terms of performance and latency.

关键词： Side-scan sonar Sonar image despeck.ing Domain k.ow.edge Re-parameterization

Deep sea mineral resources and underground space as w.ll as infrastructure for sustainable and liveable cities

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第2期3卷 129-130页

作者： Jianguo w.ng Heping Xie Chunfai leung Xiaozhao Li School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina College of w.ter Resource and Hydropow.r Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Center for Offshore Research and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore State k.y Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina

This issue covers the papers on tw. special themes:(1)Mineral resources from deep sea—Science and Engineering and(2)Planning and development of underground space and infrastructure for sustainable and liveable cities.

关键词： underground sustainable Deep

Metabolic memory:mechanisms and diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1086-1114页

作者： Hao Dong Yuezhang Sun Lulingxiao Nie Aimin Cui Pengfei Zhao w.i k.ung leung Qi w.ng State k.y Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens *** from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment,such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia,thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic *** long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and *** molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management,resulting in different cellular alterations as w.ll as tissue and organ dysfunctions,culminating in disease progression and even affecting *** elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new.target in disease detection and ***,w. retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient *** provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by w.ich metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular,cellular,and organ levels,w.th emphasis on the impact of epigenetic ***,w. present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as w.ll as their implications for human health and diseases.

关键词： diseases metabolism alterations

Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling:from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 401-441页

作者： Bonan Chen Peiyao Yu w.i Nok.Chan Fuda Xie Yigan Zhang Li Liang k.m Tong leung k.0}k.w.i Lo Jun Yu Gary M.k.Tse w.i k.ng k. Fai To Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State k.y Laboratory of Digestive Disease Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina CUHk.Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina Department of Pathology Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina Institute of Biomedical Research Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina Department of Pediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body.A k.y observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis,often coinciding w.th disease *** an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium,cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease *** research suggests zinc’s involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells,despite its low.tissue *** has led to a grow.ng body of literature investigating zinc’s cellular metabolism,particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer *** transportation is under the control of tw. major transporter families:SLC30(ZnT)for the excretion of zinc and SLC39(ZIP)for the zinc ***,the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins(MTs).This review.consolidates k.ow.edge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathw.ys link.ng zinc metabolism to disease progression,w.th a special focus on *** also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc *** the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane,the potential for targeted therapies,including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies,offers promising avenues for future exploration.

关键词： metabolism invasion involvement

Combinatorial Optimization of Physics Parameterization Schemes for Typhoon Simulation Based on a Simple Genetic Algorithm(SGA)

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 10-26页

作者： Zebin LU Jianjun XU Zhiqiang CHEN Jinyi YANG Jeremy Cheuk.Hin leung Daosheng XU Banglin ZHANG China Meteorological Administration–Guangdong Ocean University Joint Laboratory for Marine Meteorology South China Sea Institute of Marine MeteorologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088 College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088 Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial k.y Laboratory of Regional Numerical w.ather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640 Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen 518120 College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000

Each physical process in a numerical w.ather prediction(Nw.)system may have many different parameterization *** studies have show. that the performance of different physical parameterization schemes varies w.th the w.ather situation to be ***,it is necessary to select a suitable combination of physical parameterization schemes according to the variation of w.ather ***,it is rather difficult to identify an optimal combination among millions of possible parameterization scheme *** study applied a simple genetic algorithm(SGA)to optimizing the combination of parameterization schemes in Nw. models for typhoon *** feasibility of SGA w.s verified w.th the simulation of Typhoon Mujigae(2015)by using the w.ather Research and Forecasting(w.F)model and Typhoon Higos(2020)by using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–w.ve–Sediment Transport(COAw.T)modeling *** results show.that SGA can efficiently obtain the optimal combination of *** Typhoon Mujigae(2015),the optimal combination can be found from the 1,304,576 possible combinations by running only 488 *** results can be obtained for Typhoon Higos(2020).Compared to the default combination proposed by the COAw.T model system,the optimal combination scheme significantly improves the simulation of typhoon track.and *** study provides a feasible w.y to search for the optimal combinations of physical parameterization schemes in w.F and COAw.T for more accurate typhoon *** can help provide references for future development of Nw. models,and for analyzing the coordination and adaptability of different physical process parameterization schemes under specific w.ather back.rounds.

关键词： simple genetic algorithm(SGA) combinatorial optimization typhoon forecast numerical w.ather prediction(Nw.)