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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA letty salinas M.Estela PONCE Paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Auxin signaling gets oxidative to promote root hair growth

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 696-698页

作者： Victoria Berdion Gabarain Miguel A.Ibeas Hernan salinas-Grenet Jose M.Estevez Fundación Instituto Leloir&IIBBA-CONICET Av.Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos Aires C1405BWEArgentina Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile ANID Millennium Science Initiative ProgramMillennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants(MN-SAP)SantiagoChile ANID Millennium Science Initiative ProgramMillennium Institute for Integrative Biology(iBio)SantiagoChile

Root hairs(RHs)emerge as cylindrical cell protrusions from the root epidermis in a polar manner,and these outgrows increase the rhizosphere space to acquire water and nutrients,anchor the plant,and interact with various soil microorganisms.Auxin is one of the key hormones to promote RH growth,and high levels of auxin are directly promoted by low levels of macronutrients in the soil,such as phosphate(Bhosale et al.,2018)and nitrates(Jia et al.,2023).The nutritional signals for roots,which rapidly change in both time and place within the soil,are tightly linked to signaling pathways that execute swifts on cellular processes to adjust to a challenging environment.Plant rapid alkalinization factors(RALFs)are peptides that are released outside the cell and act as peptide-hormone signals.They attach to the extracellular domains of members of the Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE family,specifically FERONIA(FER)in conjunction with its co-receptor LORELEI-LIKE-GPIANCHORED PROTEIN 1.

关键词： soil outside alkali

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Microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 705-716页

作者： Jessica Cornell Shelbi salinas Hou-Yuan Huang Miou Zhou Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCAUSA

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.Microglia possess varied morphologies and functions.Under normal physiological conditions,microglia mainly exist in a resting state and constantly monitor their microenvironment and survey neuronal and synaptic activity.Through the C1 q,C3 and CR3"Eat Me"and CD47 and SIRPα"Don't Eat Me"complement pathways,as well as other pathways such as CX3 CR1 signaling,resting microglia regulate synaptic pruning,a process crucial for the promotion of synapse formation and the regulation of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity.By mediating synaptic pruning,resting microglia play an important role in the regulation of experience-dependent plasticity in the barrel cortex and visual cortex after whisker removal or monocular deprivation,and also in the regulation of learning and memory,including the modulation of memory strength,forgetfulness,and memory quality.As a response to brain injury,infection or neuroinflammation,microglia become activated and increase in number.Activated microglia change to an amoeboid shape,migrate to sites of inflammation and secrete proteins such as cytokines,chemokines and reactive oxygen species.These molecules released by microglia can lead to synaptic plasticity and learning and memory deficits associated with aging,Alzheimer's disease,traumatic brain injury,HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder,and other neurological or mental disorders such as autism,depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.With a focus mainly on recently published literature,here we reviewed the studies investigating the role of resting microglia in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory,as well as how activated microglia modulate disease-related plasticity and learning and memory deficits.By summarizing the function of microglia in these processes,we aim to provide an overview of microglia regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory,and to discuss the possibility of microglia manipulation as a therapeutic to ameliorate cognitive d

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease cognitive deficits experience-dependent plasticity learning and memory mental disorders microglia synaptic plasticity synaptic pruning

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Intersections between innate immune response and gastric cancer development

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第15期29卷 2222-2240页

作者： Franz Villarroel-Espindola Troy Ejsmentewicz Roxana Gonzalez-Stegmaier Roddy A Jorquera Esteban salinas Translational Medicine Unit Instituto Oncologico Fundacion Arturo Lopez PerezSantiago 7500000Metropolitan regionChile

Worldwide,gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy.It has a reduced prevalence but has maintained its poor prognosis being the fourth leading cause of deaths related to cancer.The highest mortality rates occur in Asian and Latin American countries,where cases are usually diagnosed at advanced stages.Overall,GC is viewed as the consequence of a multifactorial process,involving the virulence of the Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)strains,as well as some environmental factors,dietary habits,and host intrinsic factors.The tumor microenvironment in GC appears to be chronically inflamed which promotes tumor progression and reduces the therapeutic opportunities.It has been suggested that inflammation assessment needs to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively,considering cell-infiltration types,availability of receptors to detect damage and pathogens,and presence or absence of aggressive H.pylori strains.Gastrointestinal epithelial cells express several Toll-like receptors and determine the first defensive line against pathogens,and have been also described as mediators of tumorigenesis.However,other molecules,such as cytokines related to inflammation and innate immunity,including immune checkpoint molecules,interferon-gamma pathway and NETosis have been associated with an increased risk of GC.Therefore,this review will explore innate immune activation in the context of premalignant lesions of the gastric epithelium and established gastric tumors.

关键词： Gastric cancer Toll-like receptor Helicobacter pylori Nuclear factor kappa B Neutrophils

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Influence of soil and elevation on roadside cryptogam diversity in the tropical Andes

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 639-646页

作者： Paul salinas Marina Mazon Vinicio Carrion-Paladines Nixon Cumbicus Patricio Guzman Paolo Giordani Angel Benítez Maestría en Biología de la Conservacion y Ecología Tropical Universidad Tecnica Particular deLojaSan Cayetano Alto s/nLoja1101608Ecuador Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales del Ambiente y Biodiversidad–CITIAB Universidad Nacional de LojaCiudadela Universitariasector La ArgeliaEC 110101LojaEcuador Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Tropicales-BIETROP Herbario HUTPLDepartamento de Ciencias Biologicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Tecnica Particular de LojaSan Cayetano Alto s/nLoja1101608Ecuador Departament of Pharmacy University of GenoaViale Cembrano 416148GenoaItaly

Background: The deforestation caused by road construction is one of the main drivers for both biodiversity and function loss in tropical ecosystems. Terricolous cryptogams are pioneers in colonizing roadside and they are limited by environmental and edaphic factors, thus, cryptogams may act as pioneers for ecosystem rehabilitation at roadside.Methods: This research was aimed at determining the diversity and composition of terricolous cryptogams, as well as their relationship with elevation and soil properties among roadside of the tropical Andes of Ecuador, in order to establish indicator species of this anthropized ecosystems. Five elevations were selected and in each one 50grids of 20 cm×30 cm were sampled(250 in total along the road), where occurrence, cover and identification of every cryptogam species were recorded. To evaluate the effect of elevation and soil properties on cryptogam richness, a linear model was conducted. Species composition among elevations was compared by non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS), and their relationship with the environmental variables through a correlation with adjusted axes was performed. A total of 72 species were recorded, those being 44 bryophytes and 28lichens. Species richness and composition of terricolous cryptogams were influenced by elevation and soil properties, thus the richness is higher at elevations E1, E2 and E3(2600, 2200 and 1800 m a.s.l.), differing from low elevations E4 and E5(1400 and 1000 m a.s.l.). Higher elevations with specific soil conditions(e.g bulk density, nitrogen and silt) harbored different cryptogam communities than those in lower elevations.Conclusions: A combination of both elevation and soil properties are shaping the colonization by terricolous cryptogams commnunities. As such, 18 species were identified as the best indicators for all sets of environmental conditions at the roadside, which can therefore be considered for monitoring ecological processes in tropical areas. Use of biocrusts for restoration is an emerging field. If impl

关键词： Bryophytes Indicator species Beta diversity Lichens Richness Ecuador

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Evaluation of Microstructure and Magnetic Properties in Non-oriented Electrical Steel Strained by Tension

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2016年第2期23卷 166-170页

作者： J.salinas B. A.salinas R. Engineering Metallurgical Research Center and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute

The effects of deformation on the microstructure and magnetic properties of non oriented electrical steels were investigated. Box annealed electrical steel sheets were deformed by tension at four different strains： 3%, 8%, 12 % and 25 % The internal grain misorientation caused by tensile deformation was measured by electron backscat- tering diffraction （EBSD） with grain orientation spread （GOS） as an indicator of the lattice distortion. The experi- mental results showed that the average GOS value increases with the strain. The microstructure and crystallographic texture of deformed samples did not show a significant change in samples strained below 25 %. However, the mag- netic properties were strongly affected： coercivity was directly proportional to the square root of the GOS value and energy losses increased as the strain level was increased.

关键词： non-oriented electrical steel tensile deformation internal misorientation magnetic property EBSD

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Prefoldins 3 and 5 Play an Essential Role in Arabidopsis Tolerance to Salt Stress

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 526-534页

作者： Miguel A. Rodriguez-Milla Julio salinas Departamento de Biologfa de Plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain

During the last years, our understanding of the mechanisms that control plant response to salt stress has been steadily progressing. Pharmacological studies have allowed the suggestion that the cytoskeleton may be involved in regulating such a response. Nevertheless, genetic evidence establishing that the cytoskeleton has a role in plant tolerance to salt stress has not been reported yet. Here, we have characterized Arabidopsis T-DNA mutants for genes encoding proteins orthologous to prefoldin （PFD） subunits 3 and 5 from yeast and mammals. In these organisms, PFD subunits, also known as Genes Involved in Microtubule biogenesis （GIM）, form a heterohexameric PFD complex implicated in tubulin and actin folding. We show that, indeed, PFD3 and PFD5 can substitute for the loss of their yeast orthologs, as they are able to complement yeast gim2Δ and gim5Δ mutants, respectively. Our results indicate that pfd3 and pfd5 mutants have reduced levels of α- and β-tubulin compared to the wild-type plants when growing under both control and salt-stress conditions. In addition, pfd3 and pfd5 mutants display alterations in their developmental patterns and microtubule organization, and, more importantly, are hypersensitive to high concentrations of NaCl but not of LiCl or mannitol. These results demonstrate that the cytoskeleton plays an essential role in plant tolerance to salt stress.

关键词： Prefoldins cytoskeleton tubulin actin microtubule salt tolerance Arabidopsis

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CBFs at the Crossroads of Plant Hormone Signaling in Cold Stress Response

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 542-544页

作者： Javier Barrero-Gil Julio salinas Departamento de Biología Medioambiental Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain

Brassinosteroids （BRs） are steroid plant hormones with important roles in plant growth and development through the regulation of processes such as cell division and expansion. In addition to their role as growth promoters, BRs can also protect plants from a va- riety of abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, heat, and cold stress. Nevertheless, the molecular determinants underlying this protective effect remain largely uncharacterized.

关键词： CBFs Crossroads Plant Hormone Signaling

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Biomimetic Control of Mechanical Systems Equipped with Musculotendon Actuators

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第1期8卷 56-68页

作者： Javicr Moreno-Valenzuel Adriana salinas-Avila Instituto Politecnico Naoional-CITEDl Av. del Parque 1310 Mesa de Otay Tianjuana B.C. 22510 Mexico

This paper addresses the problem of modelling, control, and simulation of a mechanical system actuated by an agonist-antagonist musculotendon subsystem. Contraction dynamics is given by case 1 of Zajac＇s model. Saturated semi positive proportional-derivative-type controllers with switching as neural excitation inputs are proposed. Stability theory of switched system and SOSTOOLS, which is a sum of squares optimization toolbox of Matlab, are used to determine the stability of the obtained closed-loop system. To corroborate the obtained theoretical results numerical simulations are carried out. As additional contribution, the discussed ideas are applied to the biomimetic control of a DC motor, i.e., the position control is addressed assuming the presence of musculotendon actuators. Real-experiments corroborate the expected results.

关键词： biomimetie control musculotendon dynamics neural excitation saturation switched systems

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Assessing conservation practices in Amalacaxco Gorge (Izta-Popo National Park, Central Mexico) using fallout 137Cs and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 447-460页

作者： MUNOZ-salinas E CASTILLO M Departamento de Geología Regional Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de MexicoMexico Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquimicay Mineralogia Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

This study aims to assess conservation practices in Izta-Popo National Park(Central Mexico) by evaluating the mechanisms of sediment transfer. We applied a methodology based on fallout ^(137)Cs and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) analysis. This was tested in the upper catchment of Amalacaxco Gorge, selected for being one of the sectors of the park in which man-made actions have been implemented in last decades to favor forest growth in the alpine grassland and to reduce the effect of water runoff. We quantified the ^(137)Cs activity using gamma and beta spectrometry of fine sediment grains extracted from the surface of parcels of 0.4 m2 in areas of natural forest, natural alpine grassland, alpine grassland with conservation practices, ravines and trails. In general, ^(137)Cs values increases as local slope decreases as it was expected. The natural forest is the most stable area in terms of soil erosion and sediment accumulation and, mean ^(137)Cs activity was taken as reference to assess cumulative zones, with higher ^(137)Cs values and erosive, with lower. We found that trails are accumulative surfaces but in other areas, erosion predominates. Man-made ditches, trenches and afforestation in the alpine grassland have higher ^(137)Cs values than thenatural grassland, which indicates that conservation practices are limiting the sediment transfer from hillslopes to channels, however, soil retention is less than in the natural grassland. Additionally, we evaluated the luminescence(OSL) values obtained from samples extracted from the sediment transported in ravines that are cutting into different sectors of the study area to assess the grade of resetting of fluvial materials. These luminescence results indicated that the sediment transported in ravines that are cutting into the natural forest and alpine grassland is bleached more efficiently than the sediment transported in the alpine grassland with conservation practices. Results of fallout ^(137)Cs and luminescence strongly suggest that man-made actions in th

关键词：国家公园放射性墨西哥惯例保存估计尘埃中央

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