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Salivary flow rates, per se, may not serve as consistent predictors for dental caries

Open Journal of Stomatology 2013年第2期3卷 133-141页

作者： Cynthia P. Trajtenberg Juliana A. Barros Shalizeh A. Patel leslie miles Charles F. Streckfus Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston Houston USA Department of Medical/Surgical Rehabilitation University of Texas School of Nursing at Houston Houston USA Department of Periodontics Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine Cleveland USA Department of Restorative Dentistry Prosthodontics and Biomaterials University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston Houston USA

Background: This clinical study evaluated the effects of salivary flow rate, age, race, health status and medications on the incidence of caries. Methods:Cauca-sian and African-American men and women (n = 501), aged 22-93 years participated in the study. Stimulated (S) and unstimulated (U) parotid (P) and submandibular glands (SM) salivary secretions were collected. Stimulated whole saliva (SWS) was collected as control. Glandular stimulation was achieved using 2% citric acid at 30-second intervals to the dorsal surface of the tongue. Salivary flow rates (SFR) were calculated by total weight of saliva divided by 5 minutes and expressed in ml/minute. Coronal caries were scored using the NIDR DMFS index. Carious lesions were classified according to tooth surfaces by a calibrated single examiner. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association between SFR with age and percentage of carious teeth. Multiple regression analyses were calculated at (p < 0.05). Results: The variables gender, race, age, health status, medication usage and salivary function were not predictors for dental disease. Additionally, these risk factors were not risk factors for missing teeth. Conclusions: In conclusion, cross-sectional investigations are limited in their ability to identify the relevant variables for disease prediction. In addition, clinical and basic science investigations will be necessary to assess risk factors for dental caries.

关键词： Salivary Glands Saliva Caries Aging Medications

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世界上最美的赛马场（英文）

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英语画刊(高中版) 2020年第24期 12-13页

作者： leslie Anne Wiggins

寒马是历史最悠久的运动之一,也是最具绅士风范和高雅特征的大众娱乐活动。当今著名的赛马场多分布在赛马业发达的欧美国家和地区。一起去领略世界顶级赛马场的独特魅力吧!Chantilly Racecourse Chantilly, France Chantilly Racecourse...

寒马是历史最悠久的运动之一,也是最具绅士风范和高雅特征的大众娱乐活动。当今著名的赛马场多分布在赛马业发达的欧美国家和地区。一起去领略世界顶级赛马场的独特魅力吧!Chantilly Racecourse Chantilly, France Chantilly Racecourse’ s grandstand(正面看台)was built in 1879 by the famed French architect Pierre Jér?me HonoréDaumet. Located 30 miles north of Paris, the track hosts the Prix du Jockey Club, among other notable races throughout the season.

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Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.J.OGILVIE leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSIDE François COUNILLON Brynhildur DAVIÐSDÓTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK James R.MCGOODWIN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Roads University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of Bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden Danish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS119017MoscowRussia

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://***/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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