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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura Nadal Marta Tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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A review on the scale-up of high-shear wet granulation processes and the impact of process parameters

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 180-195页

作者： Ana Rita Alves Marta Filipe simões sérgio simões João Gomes University of Coimbra CERESDepartment of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyRua Sílvio Lima3030-790CoimbraPortugal Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica São Martinho do BispoCoimbra3045-016Portugal Faculty of Pharmacy University of CoimbraAzinhaga de Santa Comba3000-548CoimbraPortugal

Wet granulation is one of the most important agglomeration processes,and high-shear granulation(HsG)one of the most employed technologies in the pharmaceutical *** most critical process parameters of HsG are discussed in this *** main concern in scaling up the wet granulation process is the differences between scales,which prevent the particles from having the same experience across all *** scale-up of wet granulation processes is commonly divided into two categories:engineering and attribute-based *** engineering-based scale-up approach is a strategy based on dimensional analysis and an attribute-based supported on the principles of“equifinality”,where process variables are adjusted to obtain equivalent granule *** work presents the effect of different HsG process parameters on the scale-up,as well as the use of process analytical tools(PAT)and modelling *** aim is to review applied scale-up approaches in HsG and discuss benefits and *** is proven why the scale-up for oral solid pharmaceutical products is still considered a hot topic and a very challenging task for development and engineering teams.

关键词： High-shear wetgranulation Parametric-based Attribute-based Physics-based modelling Impeller design scale-up

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A New Approach to Multivariate Network Traffic Analysis

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2019年第2期34卷 388-402页

作者： Jinoh Kim Alex sim Department of Computer science Texas A&M University Commerce 75428 U.S.A. Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A.

Network traffic analysis is one of the core functions in network monitoring for effective network operations and *** online traffic analysis has been widely studied,it is still intensively challenging due to several *** of the primary challenges is the heavy volume of traffic to analyze within a finite amount of time due to the increasing network *** important challenge for effective traffic analysis is to support multivariate functions of traffic variables to help administrators identify unexpected network events *** this end,we propose a new approach with the multivariate analysis that offers a high-level summary of the online network *** this approach,the current state of the network will display patterns compiled from a set of traffic variables,and the detection problems in network monitoring(e.g.,change detection and anomaly detection)can be reduced to a pattern identification and classification *** this paper,we introduce our preliminary work with clustered patterns for online,multivariate network traffic analysis with the challenges and limitations we *** then present a grid-based model that is designed to overcome the limitations of the clustered pattern-based *** will discuss the potential of the new model with respect to the technical challenges including streaming-based computation and robustness to outliers.

关键词： network traffic analysis multivariate analysis time-series similarity network monitoring

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AI Increasingly Makes the Calls, But Human Referees still Rule-Mostly

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ENGINEERING 2024年第11期42卷 9-11页

作者： leslie, Mitch 不详

On 14 July 2024,less than five minutes remained in the cham-pionship match of the Euro 2024 tournament to determine the best national soccer team in *** and England were tied 1-1 when spanish player Mikel Oyarzabal lunged for a ball at the top of the penalty area and toed in what appeared to be the game-winning goal[1].However,Oyarzabal was close to being offside,or too far down the field,on the *** calls are notoriously difficult to make—the attacking player’s head,body,or feet cannot be ahead of the ball and the second-to-last defender[2].To be sure about the call,the head referee on the field could have asked for help from the video assistant referee(Fig.1),or VAR,which is actu-ally a team of officials that monitors multiple video feeds of the game[3].

关键词： penalty player still

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synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymer beads for the purification of vitamin E

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Particuology 2021年第4期19卷 10-18页

作者： Youhong Zhang Yinpei Zhua leslie s.Loo Jianguo Yin Kean Wang school of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205PR China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205PR China singapore Institute of Technology 10 Dover Drive138683 Singapore Jiangsu Xixin Vitamin Co. Ltd.Jiangsu 223600PR China Center for Catalysis and separation(CeCAs) Chemical Engineering DepartmentKhalifa University of Science&TechnologyAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)beads imprinted with vitamin E(V_(E))were synthesized via a two-step swelling polymerization method,using methacrylic acid(MAA)and other functional monomers together with polystyrene(Ps)microspheres as the *** initial trials,different functional monomers were assessed,along with a variety of solvents and imprinting *** MIP_(MAA) sample exhibited the highest performance and was characterized and also assessed with regard to V_(E) adsorption under various experimental *** material exhibited reasonably good sphericity,porosity and stability,along with an excellent adsorption capacity of 46 mg/*** was much higher than the value for the corresponding non-imprinted polymer made with the same monomer,and 20%higher than that for an acrylamide-based MIP synthesized using a precipitation polymerization *** core-shell structured MIP_(MAA) also demonstrated fast adsorption kinetics,a low pressure drop and good reusability in fixed bed *** V_(E) adsorption equilibrium,selectivity,kinetics,thermodynamics and regeneration capacity of this material were also examined and are reported herein.

关键词： Vitamin E α-Tocopherol MIP Molecularly imprinting Adsorption separation

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Charting Disaster Recovery via Google street View: A social science Perspective on Challenges Raised by the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2016年第2期7卷 175-185页

作者： leslie Mabon school of Applied social studies Robert Gordon University

There is increasing interest in using Google street View(GsV) for research purposes, particularly with regard to ‘‘virtually auditing'' the built environment to assess environmental quality. Research in this field to date generally suggests GsV is a reliable means of understanding the ‘‘real world'' environment. But limitations around the dates and resolution of images have been identified. An emerging strand within this literature is also concerned with the potential of GsV to understand recovery post-disaster. Using the GsV data set for the evacuated area around the Fukushima Dai'ichi nuclear power plant as a case study, this article evaluates GsV as a means of assessing disaster recovery in a dynamic situation with remaining uncertainty and a significant value and emotive dimension. The article suggests that GsV does have value in giving a high-level overview of the postdisaster situation and has potential to track recovery and resettlement over time. Drawing on social science literature relating to Fukushima, and disasters more widely, the article also argues it is imperative for researchers using GsV to reflect carefully on the wider socio-cultural contexts that are often not represented in the photo montage.

关键词： Digital representation of place Fukushima nuclear disaster Google street View Post-disaster recovery social dimensions of energy

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Existence results for degenerate p(x)-Laplace equations with Leray-Lions type operators

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science China Mathematics 2017年第1期60卷 133-146页

作者： HO Ky sim Inbo Department of Mathematics University of Ulsan Ulsan 680-749 South Korea

We show the existence and multiplicity of solutions to degenerate p(x)-Laplace equations with Leray-Lions type operators using direct methods and critical point theories in Calculus of Variations and prove the uniqueness and nonnegativeness of solutions when the principal operator is monotone and the nonlinearity is nonincreasing. Our operator is of the most general form containing all previous ones and we also weaken assumptions on the operator and the nonlinearity to get the above results. Moreover, we do not impose the restricted condition on p(x) and the uniform monotonicity of the operator to show the existence of three distinct solutions.

关键词： p(x)-Laplacian weighted variable exponent Lebesgue-sobolev spaces multiplicity a priori bound Leray-Lions type operators

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Farmers Reap Right to Repair Agricultural Equipment

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 8-10页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

A farmer is ready to harvest the winter wheat crop when his combine harvester breaks *** if the problem would be relatively simple to remedy,the farmer probably cannot make the repair himself or get help from an independent shop because manufacturers have restricted access to the tools,documentation,and other requirements for fixing their equipment[1].Instead,the farmer will likely have to turn to one of the manufacturer’s dealers,which could mean waiting days or even weeks for a service call from a company technician[2].In the meantime,the farmer’s crop sits unharvested,vulnerable to damage or destruction by bad weather[2].

关键词： dealer harvest likely

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signaling the Future, Cell Phones Gain Limited satellite-Link Capabilities

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 4-6页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

On 13 December 2022,a couple was driving through the Angeles National Forest near Los Angeles,CA,UsA,when their car slid off the road,plowed 100 m down a steep hillside,and landed upside down at the bottom of a canyon[1].Although the couple suffered only minor injuries,they were trapped in the canyon,and in the remote area the passenger could not get any reception on her iPhone 14 cellular ***,she was able to send an sOs through a new feature on the phone that routes such messages via satellites[2].Rescuers alerted to the couple’s location airlifted them out of the canyon later the same day.

关键词： Rescue injuries driving

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Complement activation by phospholipids: the interplay of factor H and C1q

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1033-1049页

作者： Lee Aun Tan Bingbin Yu Francis CJ sim Uday Kishore Robert B sim MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RdOxford OX13QUUK Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Centre for Infection Immunity and Disease MechanismsBiosciencesSchool of Health Sciences and Social CareBrunel UniversityUxbridge UB83PH West LondonUK Present address Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W120NNUK Present address school of Life sciences and Engineering Biology BuildingTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Complement proteins in blood recognize charged *** anionic phospholipid(aPL)cardiolipin binds both complement proteins C1q and factor H.C1q is an activator of the complement classical pathway,while factor H is an inhibitor of the alternative *** examine opposing effects of C1q and factor H on complement activation by aPL,we surveyed C1q and factor H binding,and complement activation by aPL,either coated on microtitre plates or in *** C1q and factor H bound to all aPL tested,and competed directly with each other for *** the aPL activated the complement classical pathway,but negligibly the alternative pathway,consistent with accepted roles of C1q and factor ***,in this system,factor H,by competing directly with C1q for binding to aPL,acts as a direct regulator of the complement classical *** regulatory mechanism is distinct from its action on the alternative *** of classical pathway activation by factor H was confirmed by measuring C4 activation by aPL in human sera in which the C1q:factor H molar ratio was adjusted over a wide *** factor H,which is regarded as a down-regulator only of the alternative pathway,has a distinct role in downregulating activation of the classical complement pathway by aPL.A factor H homologue,β2-glycoprotein-1,also strongly inhibits C1q binding to *** globular domains of C1q A,B and C chains bound aPL similarly to native C1q,confirming that C1q binds aPL via its globular heads.

关键词： complement regulation classical pathway C1q factor H anionic phospholipid

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