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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第2期2卷 122-128页

作者： Zan Gao leslie podlog Chaoqun Huang School of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaMN 55455USA Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between children's situational motivation and physical activity(PA)levels in a Dance Dance Revolution(DDR)program,and perceived PA ***:A sample of 215 elementary children participated in a weekly 30-min DDR ***'s situational motivation toward DDR(intrinsic motivation,identified regulation,external regulation,and amotivation)was measured,followed by the measurement of their accel-erometer-determined moderate to vigorous PA(MVPA)in *** then reported their PA ***:Only intrinsic motivation was positively related with children's MVPA in DDR and PA ***,other motivational beliefs were not significantly related to MVPA and PA *** analyses further suggested intrinsic motivation was the significant predictor for MVPA and PA ***:Children who experienced fun and learned new things when playing DDR reached high PA levels in DDR,as well as developed generalized feeling states of enjoyment.

关键词： Accelerometer Amotivation Dance Dance Revolution Identified regulation Intrinsic motivation Moderate to vigorous physical activity

Extraversion, emotional instability, and self-reported exercise: The mediating effects of approach-avoidance achievement goals

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第3期2卷 176-183页

作者： Marc Lochbaum Kylee Litchfield leslie podlog Rafer Lutz Department of Health Exerciseand Sport SciencesTexas Tech University Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah Department of Health Human Performanceand RecreationBaylor University

Background： Understanding leisure time physical inactivity is a priority in study sought to address this priority by examining whether the extraversion mediated through Elliot＇s （1999） 2 x 2 achievement goals. Westernized nations where participation rates are low. The present and emotional instability to leisure time exercise relationships were Methods： Participants were 116 female and 97 male volunteers from a Southwestern community （mean age = 37.21 years, range 24-69） who completed measures of extraversion, emotional instability, approach-avoidance achievement goals, and 7-day recall of leisure-time exercise. Multiple mediation models （Preacher and Hayes, 2008） were run to specifically examine our hypotheses. Results： The mastery-approach goal mediated the relationship from extraversion to overall exercise and strenuous intensity exercise. Results indicated emotional instability had direct effects on overall and strenuous leisure time exercise while also having significant （p 〈 0.05） indirect mediation paths through the performance-approach and avoidance goals. The extraversion and emotional instability models accounted from 15.89% to 29.82% of variance in the various self-reported exercise measures. Conclusion： The results suggest the promotion of leisure-time exercise would be improved in the studied personalities by manipulation of achievement goals. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Achievement goals Big five Mediation Physical activity

The Presence of an Exercise Instructor or Group Members Affects Physical Self-Concept and Physical Self-Esteem: An Experimental Study in the Elderly

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Health 2014年第13期6卷 1616-1627页

作者： Jens Kleinert Fabian Pels leslie podlog Institute of Psychology German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany University of Utah Salt Lake City USA

Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.

关键词： Physical Self-Esteem Physical Self-Concept Social Environment Exercise Group Instructor

Moderating variables in the relationship between mental toughness and performance in basketball

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第3期2卷 184-192页

作者： Aubrey Newland Maria Newton Laura Finch Colin R.Harbke leslie podlog Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah Department of Kinesiology Health&Physical EducationSt.Cloud State University Department of Psychology Western Illinois University

Purpose： This study explored the relationship between mental toughness and college basketball performance, specifically examining possible moderating variables （gender and starting status）. Methods： Male and female （n = 197） college basketball players completed the Psychological Performance Inventory-Alternative （PPI-A）, a measure of characteristics and skills consistent with mental toughness, and the PERK an objective measure of basketball performance. Results： Findings suggest that basketball performance can be partially predicted by mental toughness and starting status. Males reported greater mental toughness than females. Starters and nonstarters did not differ in mental toughness. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis indicated that mental toughness was related to performance for male players as both a main effect and interaction with starter status. For female players, in contrast, starter status was the only significant predictor of performance. Practitioners are encouraged to foster the psychological skills associated with mental toughness in females and non-starters in basketball. Conclusion： Discussion of the PPI-A as a measure of mental toughness and suggestions for its improvement are explored. A need exists for additional research on mental toughness and objective performance, as performance enhancement is a major impetus for research on mental toughness. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Basketball Mental toughness Moderating variables Performance Psychological Performance Inventory-Alternative Psychological skills

The relationship between self-presentation concerns and pre-game affect among adolescent American football players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第3期2卷 168-175页

作者： leslie podlog Marc Lochbaum Jens Kleinert James Dimmock Maria Newton Stefanie Schulte Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah Department of Health Exercise and Sport SciencesTexas Tech University Department of Health&Social Psychology Institute of PsychologyGerman Sport University Cologne School of Sport Science Exercise and HealthThe University of Western Australia Institute of Movement and Neurosciences German Sport University Cologne

Background： The influence of self-presentation concerns on the adolescent sport experience has received scant empirical attention. The purpose of this investigation was to prospectively examine the relationship among self-presentational concerns and pre-game affective states among middle and high school aged football players. Methods： American football players （n = 112; mean age = 15.57 years） completed a measure of self-presentational concerns （SPSQ, McGowan, et al., 2008） a week prior to the measurement of selected pre-game affective states （i.e., attentiveness, self-assurance, serenity, and fear）. Results： Regression analyses revealed that concerns about appearing athletically untalented negatively contributed to the significant prediction （p 〈 0.001） of pre-game attentiveness, /3 = -0.43, Radj ^2 19.5% （p 〈 0.001）, and self-assurance, /3 = -0.38, R^dj = 11.9% （p 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： These findings highlight the importance of reducing self-presentational concerns in promoting positive pre-game mental states that likely impact the quality of athletes＇ competitive play and experience. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Attentiveness Longitudinal Self-assurance Self-presentation