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Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe:a roadmap

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 162-192页

作者： Dimitri Batani Arnaud Colaitis Fabrizio Consoli Colin N.Danson leonida antonio gizzi Javier Honrubia Thomas Kühl Sebastien Le Pape Jean-Luc Miquel Jose Manuel Perlado R.H.H.Scott Michael Tatarakis Vladimir Tikhonchuk Luca Volpe Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde Bordeaux±CNRS±CEATalence cedexFrance ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security DepartmentC.R.FrascatiFrascatiItaly AWE AldermastonReadingUK Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)PisaItaly ETSIAE Universidad Politecnica de Madrid MadridSpain GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses(LULI) CNRS±Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseau cedexFrance ALP Le BarpFrance and CEA/DAMÎle de FranceBruyères le ChâtelArpajon cedexFrance Instituto Fusión NuclearªGuillermo Velardeº(IFN-GV) Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OxfordOxfordshireUK Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers University Research and Innovation CentreHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnoCreteGreece Department of Electronic Engineering School of EngineeringHellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaCreteGreece Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC ELI-Beamlines FacilityDolníBÏrežanyCzech Republic Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) Parque CientificoVillamayorSalamancaSpain

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy *** accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy *** has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally,and the scientific community is eager to engage in this *** propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion *** proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes:(ⅰ)the physics of laser-plasma interaction and burning plasmas;(ⅱ)high-energy high repetition rate laser technology;(ⅲ)fusion reactor technology and materials;and(ⅳ)reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training *** foresee collaboration with universities,research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser *** project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser,plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.

关键词： education and training fusion reactor technology high-energy laser high repetition rate laser inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction public-private partnership radiation resistant materials

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Optical diagnostics for density measurement in high-quality laser-plasma electron accelerators

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 40-50页

作者： Fernando Brandi leonida antonio gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(INO-CNR)Sede Secondaria di PisaVia Moruzzi156124PisaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN) Sezione di PisaLargo Bruno PontecorvoLargoBruno Pontecorvo356127PisaItaly

Implementation of laser-plasma-based acceleration stages in user-oriented facilities requires the definition and deployment of appropriate diagnostic methodologies to monitor and control the acceleration *** overview is given here of optical diagnostics for density measurement in laser-plasma acceleration stages,with emphasis on wellestablished and easily implemented *** for both neutral gas and free-electron number density are considered,highlighting real-time measurement *** interferometry,in its various configurations,from standard two-arm to more advanced common-path designs,is discussed,along with spectroscopic techniques such as Stark broadening and Raman scattering.A critical analysis of the diagnostics presented is given concerning their implementation in laser-plasma acceleration stages for the production of high-quality GeV electron bunches.

关键词： gas target interferometry laser-plasma laser wake-field acceleration Raman scattering Stark broadening

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Intra-cycle depolarization of ultraintense laser pulses focused by off-axis parabolic mirrors

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 141-148页

作者： Luca Labate Gianluca Vantaggiato leonida A.gizzi Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa

A study of the structure of the electric and magnetic fields of ultraintense laser pulses focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror is reported. At first, a theoretical model is laid out, whose final equations integration allows the space and time structure of the fields to be retrieved. The model is then employed to investigate the field patterns at different times within the optical cycle, for off-axis parabola parameters normally employed in the context of ultraintense laser–plasma interaction experiments. The results show that nontrivial, complex electromagnetic field patterns are observed at the time at which the electric and magnetic fields are supposed to vanish. The importance of this effect is then studied for different laser polarizations, f numbers and off-axis angles.

关键词： laser-driven particle acceleration laser focusing off-axis parabolic mirrors ultrashort laser pulses

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Accurate electron beam phase-space theory for ionization-injection schemes driven by laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 64-79页

作者： Paolo Tomassini Francesco Massimo Luca Labate leonida A.gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRPisaItaly ELI-NP MagureleIfovRomania Maison de la Simulation CEAUSR Gif-sur-Yette France 4INFNSect.of PisaPisaltaly

After the introduction of the ionization-injection scheme in laser wake field acceleration and of related high-quality electron beam generation methods,such as two-color and resonant multi-pulse ionization injection(Re MPI),the theory of thermal emittance has been used to predict the beam normalized emittance obtainable with those *** recast and extend such a theory,including both higher order terms in the polynomial laser field expansion and non-polynomial corrections due to the onset of saturation effects on a single ***,a very accurate model for predicting the cycle-averaged distribution of the extracted electrons,including saturation and multi-process events,is proposed and *** show that our theory is very accurate for the selected processes of Kr^(8+→10+) and Ar^(8+→10+),resulting in a maximum error below 1%,even in a deep-saturation *** accurate prediction of the beam phase-space can be implemented,for example,in laser-envelope or hybrid particle-in-cell(PIC)/fiuid codes,to correctly mimic the cycle-averaged momentum distribution without the need for resolving the intra-cycle *** introduce further spatial averaging,obtaining expressions for the whole-beam emittance fitting with simulations in a saturated regime,***,a PIC simulation for a laser wakefield acceleration injector in the Re MPI configuration is discussed.

关键词： field theory ionization high-quality electron beams ionization injection laser wakefield acceleration laser-plasma acceleration resonant multi-pulse ionization injection tunnel ionization two-color ionization ultraintense laser pulses

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Overview and specifications of laser and target areas at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 94-102页

作者： leonida A.gizzi Luca Labate Federica Baffigi Fernando Brandi Giancarlo Bussolino Lorenzo Fulgentini Petra Köster Daniele Palla Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(INO-CNR)Sede Secondaria di Pisa56124 PisaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN) Sezione di Pisa56127 PisaItaly

We present the main features of the ultrashort, high-intensity laser installation at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) including laser, beam transport and target area specifications. The laboratory was designed to host laser–target interaction experiments of more than 220 TW peak power, in flexible focusing configurations, with ultrarelativistic intensity on the target. Specifications have been established via dedicated optical diagnostic assemblies and commissioning interaction experiments. In this paper we give a summary of laser specifications available to users,including spatial, spectral and temporal contrast features. The layout of the experimental target areas is presented, with attention to the available configurations of laser focusing geometries and diagnostics. Finally, we discuss radiation protection measures and mechanical stability of the laser focal spot on the target.

关键词： high-intensity laser laser focusing laser–plasma acceleration laboratory pointing stability radiation shielding ultrashort pulse amplification

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Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 168-221页

作者： Colin N.Danson Constantin Haefner Jake Bromage Thomas Butcher Jean-Christophe FChanteloup Enam A.Chowdhury Almantas Galvanauskas leonida A.gizzi Joachim Hein David I.Hillier Nicholas W.Hopps Yoshiaki Kato Efim A.Khazanov Ryosuke Kodama Georg Korn Ruxin Li Yutong Li Jens Limpert Jingui Ma Chang Hee Nam David Neely Dimitrios Papadopoulos Rory R.Penman Liejia Qian Jorge J.Rocca andrey A.Shaykin Craig W.Siders Christopher Spindloe Sándor Szatmári Raoul M.G.M.Trines Jianqiang Zhu Ping Zhu Jonathan D.Zuegel AWE AldermastonReadingUK OxCHEDS Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK CIFS Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegeLondonUK NIF&Photon Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreUSA Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology(ILT) AachenGermany Chair for Laser Technology LLT RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser EnergeticsRochesterUSA Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotUK LULI CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Centre for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory Istituto Nazionale di Ottica(INO)CNRPisaItaly Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena and Helmholtz InstituteJenaGermany The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries NishikuHamamatsuJapan Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of SciencesNizhny NovgorodRussia Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan ELI-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute for Applied Physics(IAP)at Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena JenaGermany Helmholtz Institute Jena JenaGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering(IOF) JenaGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasma(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Centre for Relativistic Laser Science(CoReLS) Institute for Basic ScienceDepartment of Physics and Photon ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Techno

In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was *** was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has *** are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under *** addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR *** apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development.

关键词： exawatt lasers high-power lasers petawatt lasers ultra-high intensity

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