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Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ:Role of[Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated excitation-transcription coupling

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第4期2卷 328-336页

作者： leonid v.kapilevich Tatyana A.Kironenko Anna N.Zaharova Yuri v.Kotelevtsev Nickolai O.Dulin Sergei N.Orlov National Research Tomsk State University TomskRussia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow RegionRussia University of Chicago ILUSA Siberian Medical University TomskRussia M.v.Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia

During the last two decadesnumerous research teams demonstratedthat skeletalmuscles function as an exercise-dependent endocrine organ secreting dozens of *** of physiological and pathophysiological implications of skeletalmusclemyokines secretion has been described;however,upstream signals and sensing mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly *** is well documented that in skeletal muscles intensive exercise triggers dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations caused by permanent activation of voltage-gated Nat and Kt ***,we demonstrated that sustained elevation of the[Nat]i/[Kt]i ratio triggers expression of dozens ubiquitous genes including several canonical myokines,such as interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase 2,in the presence of intra-and extracellular Ca2t *** data allowed us to suggest a novel[Nat]i/[Kt]i-sensitive,Ca2t i-independent mechanism of excitation-transcription coupling which triggers myokine *** pathway exists in parallel with canonical signaling mediated by Ca2t i,AMP-activated protein kinase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a(HIF-1a).In ourmini-reviewwe briefly summarize data supporting this hypothesis as well as unresolved issues aiming to forthcoming studies.

关键词： Myokines Secretion Skeletal muscle Transcription Translation

Spherically Symmetric Problem of General Relativity for a Fluid Sphere

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 401-415页

作者： valery v. vasiliev leonid v. Fedorov Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The paper is devoted to a spherically symmetric problem of General Relativity (GR) for a fluid sphere. The problem is solved within the framework of a special geometry of the Riemannian space induced by gravitation. According to this geometry, the four-dimensional Riemannian space is assumed to be Euclidean with respect to the space coordinates and Riemannian with respect to the time coordinate. Such interpretation of the Riemannian space allows us to obtain complete set of GR equations for the external empty space and the internal spaces for incompressible and compressible perfect fluids. The obtained analytical solution for an incompressible fluid is compared with the Schwarzchild solution. For a sphere consisting of compressible fluid or gas, a numerical solution is presented and discussed.

关键词： General Relativity Spherically Symmetric Problem Fluid Sphere

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred M.Whitlock Zachary Michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel Martin vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov leonid v.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

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Pulsed THz radiation under ultrafast optical discharge of vacuum photodiode

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期 100-113页

作者： Aleksandr A.Ushakov Kseniia A.Mamaeva leonid v.Seleznev Georgy E.Rizaev vladimir Bukin Timophey v.Dolmatov Pavel A.Chizhov vladimir Bagdasarov Sergey v.Garnov Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

In this paper, we first present an experimental demonstration of terahertz radiation pulse generation with energy up to 5 pJ under the electron emission during ultrafast optical discharge of a vacuum photodiode. We use a femtosecond optical excitation of metallic copper photocathode for the generation of ultrashort electron bunch and up to 45 kv/cm external electric field for the photo-emitted electron acceleration. Measurements of terahertz pulses energy as a function of emitted charge density, incidence angle of optical radiation and applied electric field have been provided. Spectral and polarization characteristics of generated terahertz pulses have also been studied. The proposed semi-analytical model and simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics prove the experimental data and allow for the optimization of experimental conditions aimed at flexible control of radiation parameters.

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小国的大气象亚美尼亚的地道风物

环球人文地理 2024年第1期 36-45页

作者：读书康梁庭俊宣砚 leonid Andronov katiekk2 v unsplash 摄图网

亚美尼亚人将水果杏奉为国宝，爱吃重油重盐的烤肉、大饼。在市中心的购物大街与教堂中，能一窥他们的生活与精神世界。说到葡萄酒，除了法国，亚美尼亚的葡萄酒也是历史悠久。除此以外，随处可见的修道院也是亚美尼亚的标志之一。左页...

亚美尼亚人将水果杏奉为国宝，爱吃重油重盐的烤肉、大饼。在市中心的购物大街与教堂中，能一窥他们的生活与精神世界。说到葡萄酒，除了法国，亚美尼亚的葡萄酒也是历史悠久。除此以外，随处可见的修道院也是亚美尼亚的标志之一。左页大图为当地的葡萄园。右页图为亚美尼亚的修道院。在杰尔穆克的日子，说得上是此行节奏最慢的时候。

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Computational study of laser fragmentation in liquid:Phase explosion,inverse Leidenfrost effect at the nanoscale,and evaporation in a nanobubble

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 99-114页

作者： Hao Huang leonid v.Zhigilei School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesville 22904-4745USA

Laser fragmentation in liquid is an effective and environment-friendly processing technique capable of yielding colloidal nanoparticles and atomic clusters with a narrow size distribution. The advancement of this technique can be facilitated by an improved understanding of processes that control the sizes, shapes, and structures of the produced nanoparticles. In this work, the dependence of the fragmentation mechanisms on the energy density deposited by the laser pulse is investigated in atomistic simulations performed for 20 nm Au nanoparticles irradiated in water by 10 ps laser pulses. The simulations reveal that the decrease in the absorbed laser energy leads to sequential transitions from the regime of “strong” phase explosion, when all products of an explosive phase decomposition of the irradiated nanoparticle are promptly injected into the water surrounding a nanobubble formed around the nanoparticle, to two distinct regimes of nanoparticle fragmentation leading to the formation of a large central nanoparticle surrounded by smaller satellite fragments. First, in the regime of “mild” phase explosion, the central nanoparticle is produced by the reflection of some of the hot metal droplets generated by the explosive decomposition of the nanoparticle from the boundary of the nanobubble. This reflection is attributed to the inverse Leidenfrost effect acting at the nanoscale. The reflected droplets converge in the center of the nanobubble and coalesce into a single droplet that solidifies shortly after the collapse of the nanobubble. Further decrease in the absorbed laser energy brings the irradiation conditions below the threshold for the phase explosion and results in the formation of a core-satellite structure of the fragmentation products through an interplay of the intense evaporation from the surface of the irradiated nanoparticle, evolution of the nanobubble, and condensation of the metal vapor into clusters and small satellite nanoparticles. The computationa

关键词： laser fragmentation in liquid molecular dynamics simulations phase explosion inverse Leidenfrost effect nanobubble nanoparticles

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Nonlinear interference in crystal superlattices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1239-1245页

作者： Anna v.Paterova leonid A.Krivitsky Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)138634 SingaporeSingapore

Nonlinear interferometers with correlated photons hold promise to advance optical characterization and metrology techniques by improving their performance and *** interferometers offer subshot noise phase sensitivity and enable measurements in detection-challenging regions using inexpensive and efficient *** sensitivity of nonlinear interferometers,defined by the ability to measure small shifts of interference fringes,can be significantly enhanced by using multiple nonlinear elements,or crystal ***,to date,experiments with more than two nonlinear elements have not been realized,thus hindering the potential of nonlinear ***,we build a nonlinear interferometer with up to five nonlinear elements,referred to as superlattices,in a highly stable and versatile *** study the modification of the interference pattern for different configurations of the superlattices and perform a proof-of-concept gas sensing experiment with enhanced *** approach offers a viable path towards broader adoption of nonlinear interferometers with correlated photons for imaging,interferometry,and spectroscopy.

关键词： spectroscopy nonlinear Nonlinear

Ultrashort pulse laser ablation in liquids:probing the first nanoseconds of underwater phase explosion

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1005-1007页

作者： Chaobo Chen leonid v.Zhigilei Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia395 McCormick RoadCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4745USA

The ultrafast pump-probe microscopy has shed new light on the complex dynamics of laser-induced explosive phase transformations and highlighted the importance of close integration of experimental,computational,and the... 详细信息

关键词： laser pump pulse

Dynamo saturation in rapidly rotating solar-type stars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第11期15卷 1801-1812页

作者： leonid L.Kitchatinov Serge v.Olemskoy Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory

The magnetic activity of solar-type stars generally increases with stellar rotation rate. The increase, however, saturates for fast rotation. The Babcock-Leighton mechanism of stellar dynamos saturates as well when the mean tilt angle of active regions approaches ninety degrees. Saturation of magnetic activity may be a consequence of this property of the Babcock-Leighton mechanism. Stellar dynamo models with a tilt angle proportional to the rotation rate are constructed to probe this *** versions of the model- treating the tilt angles globally and using Joy＇s law for its latitude dependence- are considered. Both models show a saturation of dynamogenerated magnetic flux at high rotation rates. The model with latitude-dependent tilt angles also shows a change in dynamo regime in the saturation region. The new regime combines a cyclic dynamo at low latitudes with an（almost） steady polar dynamo.

关键词： saturation stellar latitude rotation rotating stars polar regime meridional consequence

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