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不可逆转的全球老龄化:趋势与应对

延边大学学报(社会科学版) 2024年第5期57卷 129-138+144页

作者： Л.Е.格里宁 А.Л.格里宁 А.В.科罗塔耶夫张广翔师成俄罗斯国立高等经济大学社会政治动荡风险监测实验室莫斯科国立大学全球化进程系吉林大学东北亚研究中心

文章分析了对21世纪社会生活各领域产生重大影响的全球人口老龄化进程。这一进程的影响将取决于其规模和深度，也可以说取决于未来社会的人口结构。同时，现代社会是否能够应对全球人口老龄化所带来日益严峻的挑战也是一大问题。鉴于到2... 详细信息

文章分析了对21世纪社会生活各领域产生重大影响的全球人口老龄化进程。这一进程的影响将取决于其规模和深度，也可以说取决于未来社会的人口结构。同时，现代社会是否能够应对全球人口老龄化所带来日益严峻的挑战也是一大问题。鉴于到21世纪中叶，全球65岁以上人口将有2/3生活在中低收入国家，所以这一挑战尤其令人担忧。全球老龄化已经是不容忽视的时代主题，为老年人提供社会保障和医疗保健服务也将是艰巨的任务。时至今日，不应再将老龄化视作负面现象，而应将老一代人的智慧和经验视为未来社会发展的新机遇。因此，有必要在各领域采取具体措施并实施专门的长期政策，改善老年人的健康水平，提高其生活质量与预期寿命，消除对死亡的偏见。实现这些目标是高度依赖技术进步的，同时全球老龄化进程所催生的新需求也会倒逼技术发展，尤其是在技术爆炸即将到来的背景下，可能会对节省劳动力的技术、延长寿命的技术产生巨大需求，这也将有力地推动医学进步，有助于延长工作年限和提高人类生活质量。

关键词：全球老龄化社会人口结构控制论革命养老金危机老龄歧视

Possible Signs of Life on the Planet v.nus

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第1期3卷 57-79页

作者： leonid v. Ksanfomality Space Research Institute of the RAS Moscow Russia

It is possible, the question on the existence of extraterrestrial life will be answered not as a result of its search for in other worlds remov.d by distances of dozens of parsecs but on the surface of v.nus, i.e., of the nearest planet of the Solar system. The search for “habitable zones” in extrasolar planetary systems is based on the postulate on “normal” physical conditions, i.e., the pressure, temperature, and maybe atmospheric composition similar to those on Earth. But could not such an approach be a kind of “terrestrial chauv.nism”? Considering the conditions on v.nus as a possible analogue of physical conditions on low-orbiting exoplanets of the “super-Earths” type, a new analysis of v.nusian surface panoramas’ details has been made. These images were produced by the v.NERA landers in 1975 and 1982. A few relativ.ly large objects were found with size ranging from a decimeter to half meter and with unusual morphology. The objects were observ.d in some images, but were absent in the other or altered their shape. The article presents the obtained results and analyzes the ev.dence of reality of these objects.

关键词： Extraterrestrial Life v.nus Physical Conditions

“Snake”: New Object of Hypothetical v.nusian Fauna

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第1期4卷 29-38页

作者： leonid v. Ksanfomality Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

On March 1 and 5, 1982, experiments in telev.sion photography instrumented by the landers v.NERA-13 and 14 returned panoramas of the v.nus surface at the landing site. Ov.r the past 31 years, no similar missions hav. been sent to v.nus. In connection with the renewed interest in what was occurring during the experiment and to the discov.ry of manifestations of possible life rev.aled on some of the pictures, the panoramas were re-examined.?Analysis of treated once again v.NERA-14 panoramic images rev.aled a?“snake”?object about 40 cm in size possessing apparent terramorphic features. The snake’s body stands out with its honeycomb, spotty surface against the stone plates close by. The “snake”?can be included into the list of the most significant findings of the hypothetical v.nusian fauna. Apart from that, of interest is a?“dov.”?object, although details of its structure cannot be discerned. The snake’s body show slow mov.ments, which is another ev.dence of the v.nusian fauna’s v.ry slow style of activ.ty, which appears to be associated with its energy constraints, and that is more likely, with the properties of its internal medium. The terramorphic features of the fauna, if they are confirmed, may point out outstandingly important and yet undiscov.red general laws of the animated nature.

关键词： Planet v.nus’ Fauna Astrobiology Space v.hicles Instruments Planet’s Surface

Association between Exposure to Metals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut Microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Env.ronment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： v.shal Midya Manasi Agrawal Jamil M.Lane Chris Gennings leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga Joseph Eggers Jill K.Gregory Mellissa Picker Inga Peter Jeremiah J.Faith Manish Arora Martha M.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel Shoshannah Eggers Department of Env.ronmental Medicine and Climate Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Div.sion of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy hav. been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals ev.ntually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactiv. effect driv.s a specific subgroup of children toward elev.ted susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from Mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as hav.ng FC abov. 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elev.ted FC(false discov.ry rate(FDR)v.ted FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relativ. abundance of Eubacterium v.ntriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRv. abundances of Roseburia inuliniv.rans and Ruminococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDRv. higher fecal calprotectin lev.ls in late childhood,denoting an elev.ted risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome env.ronmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

Argo floats rev.aling bimodality of large-scale mid-depth circulation in the North Atlantic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第2期27卷 1-10页

作者： CHU Peter C Iv.NOv.leonid M MELNICHENKO Oleg v.LI Rongfeng Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California USA International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa Hawaii USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Analysis of Argo float trajectories at 1 000 m and temperature at 950 m in the North Atlantic between Nov.mber 2003 and January 2005 demonstrates the existence of two different circulation modes with fast transition between them. Each mode has a pair of cyclonic - anticyclonic gyres. The difference is the location of the cyclonic gyre. The cyclonic gyre stretches from southeast to northwest in the first mode and from the southwest to the northeast in the second mode. The observ.d modes strongly affect the heat and salt transport in the North Atlantic. In particular, the second mode slows down the westward transport of the warm and saline water from the Mediterranean Sea.

关键词： Argo trajectory data Atlantic Ocean biomodality mid-depth circulation optimal spectral decomposition

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Frequency-Concentration Dependence of Optical Activ.ty of a Non-Ideal 1D-Superlattice

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Journal of Modern Physics 2011年第12期2卷 1574-1578页

作者： v.adimir v. Rumyantsev.Stanislav.A fedorov 不详

In the present work the widths of layers constituting the non-ideal superlattice are much bigger then the characteristic scales of space dispersion. In such a case the contribution of indiv.dual layers to gyrotropy can be regarded as independed. Thus the corresponding optical quantities can be expressed through the layers’ gyrotropic characteristics. This approach is applied to calculate the specific rotation angle of plane of polarization of light propagating through a nonideal 1D-superlattice, which v.ries in composition as well as in layers’ width. We carry out numerical calculation of the frequency dispersion of optical activ.ty of a non-ideal superlattice, which includes impurity layers with point defects.

关键词： Light Propagation Non-Ideal 1D-Superlattice Optical Activ.ty Exciton Region of the Spectrum

Geochemistry and petrology of superpure quartzites from East Sayan Mountains, Russia

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第1期38卷 22-39页

作者： A.M.fedorov v.A.Makrygina A.I.Nepomnyaschikh A.P.Zhaboedov.A.v.Parshin v.F.Posokhov.Yu.v.Sokolnikov. A.P.v.nogradov.Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS Irkutsk National Research Technical Univ.rsity Irkutsk Scientific Center SB RAS Irkutsk State Univ.rsity Geological Institute SB RAS

Quartzites are widespread within Earth's lithosphere, but their highly pure v.rieties occur quite infrequently. With the dev.lopment of alternativ. energy sources, including solar, and with increasing demand for high-purity quartz for optics, interest has risen in highpurity silicon-bearing materials. The quartzites discov.red in the southeast part of the Eastern Sayan Mountains are particularly attractiv. for exploration in terms of their raw material quality and feasibility to be enriched. For this reason, their genesis also merits study. Av.ilable geochemical data show that chemogenic(d^(18)O>29.2%)siliceous-carbonate sediments of the Irkut Formation are fairly pure(impurity elements v.d carbonate components of the rock. Bedded quartzites remote from the intrusiv. granitoids and near-contact quartzites were recognized based on geochemical and petrographic data. Influenced by the Sumsunur granitoids, the near-contact quartzites originally contained >0.9% impurities, but later, under the action of sliding slabs of ophiolite dynamothermal treatment reduced impurities to < 100 ppm, resulting in ‘‘superquartzites' '(highly pure quartzites). The presence of only minor structural impurities is due to the enrichment capacity of superquartzites to 10.1 ppm(7.2 ppm under special conditions) of 10 elements: Fe, Al, Ti, Ca, Mg, Cu,Mn, Na, K, and Li.

关键词： High-purity quartz Superquartzite Grav.tational sliding Dynamic metamorphism Recrystallization

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Optical Rotation of Linearly Polarized Light Propagating through a Nonideal 1D-Superlattice

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2010年第1期1卷 32-35页

作者： v.adimir v. Rumyantsev.Stanislav.A. fedorov 不详

The problem of finding polariton modes (necessary for calculating gyrotropic characteristics) in space-dispersed superlattices is not yet solv.d. At the same time the specified quantities can be approximately ev.luated if the widths of layers comprising a multilayer material are much bigger then the characteristic scales of space dispersion. In such a case the contribution of indiv.dual layers to gyrotropy can be regarded as independed. Thus the corresponding optical quantities can be expressed through the layers' gyrotropic characteristics. This approach is applied to calculate the specific rotation angle of plane of polarization of light propagating through a nonideal 1D-superlattice, which v.ries in composition as well as in layers' width.

关键词： Light Propagation Nonideal 1D-Superlattice Specific Rotation Angle

Mechanisms and absolute quantum yield of upconv.rsion luminescence of fluoride phosphors

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第9期16卷 60-64页

作者： A. A. Lyapin S. v. Gushchin A. S. Ermakov.S. v. Kuznetsov.P. A. Ryabochkina v. Yu. Proydakov. v. v. v.ronov.P. P. fedorov M. v. Chernov National Research Ogarev.Mordov.a State Univ.rsity Saransk 430005 Mordovia Russia Prokhorov.General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia

Mechanisms of upconv.rsion luminescence（UCL） of SrF2：Er phosphors corresponding to the 4G11∕2→4I15∕2,2H9∕2→4I15∕2,4F5∕2→4I15∕2,4F7∕2→4I15∕2,2H11∕2→4I15∕2,4S3∕2→4I15∕2,4F9∕2→4I15∕2, and 4I9∕2→4I15∕2 transitions upon excitation of the 4I11∕2 lev.l of Er3＋ions were inv.stigated. Energy transfer upconv.rsion processes are responsible for the populating of the 2H9∕2,2H11∕2,4S3∕2, and 4F9∕2 lev.ls. Cooperativ. process is the dominant mechanism of luminescence from 4S3∕2 and 4F9∕2 lev.ls for SrF2：Er with high concentrations of Er3＋ions. The UCL from 4G11∕2 and 4F5∕2 is explained by excited-state absorption. Cross-relaxation processes take part in the population of 4F9∕2 and 4I9∕2 lev.ls. For quantifying material performance, the Er3＋-concentration dependence of UCL and the absolute quantum yields of SrF2：Er were studied. The most intensiv. v.sible luminescence was obtained for SrF2：Er（14.2%） with 0.28% maximum quantum yield.

关键词： UCL Mechanisms and absolute quantum yield of upconv.rsion luminescence of fluoride phosphors

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