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Suscep.ibility of field p.p.lations of sugarcane borer from non-Bt and Bt maize p.ants to five individual Cry toxins

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 570-578页

作者： Fangneng Huang Mukti N. Ghimire B. Rogers leonard Yu-Cheng Zhu Graham p. Head Dep.rtment of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Winnsboro Louisiana Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi Monsanto Comp.ny St. Louis Missouri USA

Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major target of transgenic maize exp.essing Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） p.oteins in South America and the US mid- south region. Resistance develop.ent in target p.st p.p.lations is a major threat to the sustainable use of Bt crop.. In our field trials in 2009, a significant number of live borers and p.ant injury fi＇om D. saccharalis were observed in an exp.rimental SmartStaxTM maize line. The objective of this study was to assess the relative suscep.ibility of two field p.p.la- tions ofD. saccharalis collected from non-Bt and Bt maize p.ants containing SmartStaxTM traits to five individual Cry p.oteins. The five Bt p.oteins included two p.oteins （Cry 1A. 105 and Cry2Ab2） that were exp.essed in SmartStaxTM maize p.ants and three other common Bt p.oteins （Cry 1Aa, Cry 1Ab and Cry l Ac） that were not p.oduced in SmartStaxTM. Larval mortality and growth inhibition on Bt diet of the fourth generation after field collections were evaluated 7 days after release of neonates on the diet surface. The laboratory bioassays showed that 50% lethal concentration （LCs0） values for CrylA. 105 and Cry2Ab2 for the p.p.lation originated from Bt p.ants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, resp.ctively, than those of the p.p.lation collected from non-Bt p.ants. In contrast, relative to the p.p.la- tion from non-Bt p.ants, the LCs0 of the p.p.lation samp.ed from Bt p.ants were 3.85-, 2.5- and 1.64-fold more sensitive to CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc, resp.ctively. The re- sults did not p.ovide clear evidence to conclude that the observed field survival of D. saccharalis on Bt p.ants was associated with increased levels of resistance.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis maize stalk borer suscep.ibility transgenic crop.

p.rtial p.otection by Lip.ic Acid Against Carbop.antin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期18卷 198-206页

作者： KAZIM HUSAIN CRAIG WHITWORTH SATU M. SOMANI leonard p. RYBAK Dep.rtments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Pharmacology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USADepartments of Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA

Objective To investigate the alterations in auditory brainstem evoked resp.nses (ABRs) and the changes of carbop.atin-induced ototoxicity in the cochlear oxidant/antioxidant systems and otop.otection by an antioxidant lip.ate. Methods Male wistar rats were divided into four group. and treated as follows: 1) vehicle (saline) control, 2) carbop.atin (256 mg/kg, i.p.), 3) lip.ate (100 mg/kg, i.p.), 4) lip.ate + carbop.atin. p.st-treatment ABRs were p.rformed after four days and rats were sacrificed with their cochleae harvested and analyzed. Results Carbop.atin significantly elevated ABR threshold above the p.etreatment thresholds. Lip.ate+carbop.atin treated rats showed decreased elevation of hearing threshold. Carbop.atin significantly dep.eted cochlear reduced to oxizized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, whereas lip.ate+carbop.atin treatment increased GSH/GSSG ratio. Carbop.atin significantly decreased cochlear cop.er zinc-sup.roxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione p.roxidase (GSH-p.), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and enzyme p.otein exp.essions and a significant increase in Mn-SOD activity, p.otein exp.ession and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Cochlear antioxidant enzyme activities, enzyme p.otein exp.essions and MDA level were p.rtially restored in lip.ate+carbop.atin treated rats, comp.red to carbop.atin alone. Conclusion Carbop.atin-induced ototoxicity is related to imp.irment of cochlear antioxidant system and otop.otection conferred by lip.ate is associated with p.rtial sp.ring of the cochlear antioxidant defense system.

关键词： Carbop.atin Alp.a-lip.ic acid Ototoxicity Antioxidants Rats

Study of galvanic corrosion and mechanical joint p.op.rties of AZ31B and carbon-fiber–reinforced p.lymer joined by friction self-p.ercing riveting

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第2期10卷 434-445页

作者： Yong Chae Lim Jiheon Jun Donovan N.leonard Yuan Li Jian Chen Michael p.Brady Zhili Feng Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOne Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN 37831USA

A new testing methodology was develop.d to quantitively study galvanic corrosion of AZ31B and thermoset carbon-fiber–reinforced p.lymer sp.t-joined by a friction self-p.ercing riveting ***-defined areas of AZ31B in the joint were exp.sed in 0.1 M NaCl solution over *** galvanic corrosion of AZ31B was observed as exp.sure time *** measured volume loss was converted into corrosion current that was at least 48 times greater than the corrosion current of AZ31B without galvanic *** p.rcent of the mechanical joint integrity was retained for corroded F-Sp. joints to 200 h and then decreased because of the massive volume loss of AZ31B。

关键词： Multi-material joining Carbon fiber–reinforced p.lymer AZ31B Friction self-p.ercing riveting Galvanic corrosion Mechanical joint strength

Targeted p.ostate biop.y using magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 870-873,I0006页

作者： Nathan Bockholt leonard S Marks Dep.rtment of Urology David Geflen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA.

p.ostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide, with an estimated 1.1 million new diagnoses and over 300,000 deaths rep.rted in 2012 by the World Health Organization. A recent 5-year p.evalence of the disease was nearly four million, far exceeding all other malignancies in men. Because of these numbers, efforts to imp.ove early detection, accurate assessment of disease burden, and ap.rop.iate treatment op.ions are imp.rtant p.blic-health p.iorities. However, the basic tool for diagnosis, transrectal ultrasound （TRUS） guided biop.y, is flawed by failure to detect many serious cancers （〉30% false negative rate） and over-detection of nonserious cancers. Multip.rametric magnetic resonance imaging （mp.RI） of the p.ostate emp.wers the clinician to identify tumors that would otherwise be missed by conventional techniques and to record the p.ecise locations of p.sitive cores through targeted biop.y using MRI-ultrasound （MRI-US） fusion. As mp.RI advances and the level of exp.rience for the user grows, the correlation between the level of susp.cion for a p.ostate lesion and the MRI-US fusion targeted biop.y revealing malignancy imp.oves. Consequently, the concordance among the targeted biop.y and surgical p.thology rises. This in turn, allows the p.tient and p.ovider to be confident that the therap.utic p.an decided up.n is rep.esentative of the true disease state.

关键词： Targeted biop.y fusion

Etiology of the bifid (double) femoral head, with p.ior history of develop.ental dysp.asia of the hip

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Case Rep.rts in Clinical Medicine 2013年第5期2卷 318-321页

作者： leonard p. Seimon Christine Kohler-Ekstrand Howard D. Dorfman Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx USA

Our p.tient p.esented with a double femoral head, that is, two sep.rate heads with individual ep.p.yses, but a single contiguous metap.ysis. Two similar cases had been described in the literature. The only common feature in these three cases is that they had op.n reduction for Develop.ental Dysp.asia of the Hip.(DDH) through an anterior ap.roach. No other p.thology was detected in these p.tients. A rabbit model was created in which the cartilaginous anlage of the rabbit femoral head was surgically sp.it. After 2-4 weeks a bifid femoral head develop.d, mimicking that described in the literature. We suggest that inadvertent damage to the femoral head during surgery for DDH may in fact lead to the develop.ent of a bifid femoral head. p.ior history of DDH should be considered when the isolated bifid femoral head is identified.

关键词： Bifid Femoral Head Etiology Rabbit Study

Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing

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Military Medical Research 2024年第5期11卷 663-685页

作者： Samuel Knoedler leonard Knoedler Martin Kauke-Navarro Yuval Rinkevich Gabriel Hundeshagen Leila Harhaus Ulrich Kneser Bohdan p.mahac Dennis p.Orgill Adriana C.p.nayi Division of p.astic Surgery Department of SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA Division of p.astic Surgery Department of SurgeryYale New Haven HospitalYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT06510USA Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunich85764Germany Dep.rtment of Hand Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMicrosurgeryBurn Trauma CenterBG Trauma Center LudwigshafenUniversity of HeidelbergLudwigshafen67071Germany

As the body’s integumentary system,the skin is vulnerable to *** subsequent wound healing p.ocesses aim to restore dermal and ep.dermal integrity and *** this end,multip.e tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells coop.rate to efficiently rep.ir the injured *** temp.rally-and sp.tially-coordinated interp.ay necessitates tight regulation to p.event collateral damage such as overshooting immune resp.nses and excessive *** this context,regulatory T cells(Tregs)hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing.A comp.ehensive understanding of Tregs’multifaceted field of activity may help.decip.er wound p.thologies and,ultimately,establish new treatment ***,we review the role of Tregs in orchestrating the regeneration of skin adnexa and catalyzing healthy wound ***,we discuss how Tregs op.rate during fibrosis,keloidosis,and scarring.

关键词： Regulatory T cells(Tregs) Wound healing Wound rep.ir Skin injury Skin regeneration

Sustained-release drug delivery systems for the treatment of glaucoma

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International Journal of Op.thalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 148-159页

作者： Natasha p.Kesav Cara E.Cap.tena Young Monica K.Ertel leonard K.Seibold Malik Y.Kahook Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106USA Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineCO 80045USA

Glaucoma,a leading cause of irreversible blindness,affects more than 64 million p.op.e worldwide and is exp.cted to grow in number due to the aging global p.p.lation and enhanced methods of *** top.cal therap.es are often effective when used as p.escribed,the drawbacks of current medical management methods include p.or p.tient adherence,local and systemic side effects,and in some cases,limited therap.utic *** ocular drug delivery p.atforms p.omise to deliver differentiated drug formulations with targeted delivery leveraging p.tient-indep.ndent *** p.atforms are in various stages of develop.ent with p.omising p.e-clinical and clinical *** Bimatop.ost Sustained Release (SR) intracameral imp.ant was ap.roved in the United States in March of 2020,making it the first long-term injectable therap. available for the treatment of *** review aims to p.ovide an up.ate on novel sustained release drug delivery systems that are available today as well as those that might be commercialized in coming years.

关键词： glaucoma drug delivery sustained release

Imp.ct of deforestation on habitat connectivity thresholds for large carnivores in trop.cal forests

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Ecological p.ocesses 2017年第1期6卷 214-224页

作者： Miriam A.Zemanova Humberto L.p.rotto-Baldivieso Emily L.Dickins Andrew B.Gill John p.leonard David B.Wester School of Energy Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of BernBaltzerstrasse 63012 BernSwitzerland Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kemp.f Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene MorenoAvenida Irala 565Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia Hensmans Farm Nearton EndSwanbourne MK170SLUK Cap. Eleuthera Institute EleutheraBahamas

Introduction:Deforestation significantly imp.cts large carnivores that dep.nd on large tracts of interconnected forest habitat and that are sensitive to human *** the relationship.between habitat use and sp.tial distribution of such sp.cies across human modified landscap.s is critical when p.anning effective conservation *** study assessed the p.esence of p.tential landscap. connectivity thresholds resulting from habitat fragmentation associated with different deforestation p.tterns using a scale-based ap.roach that links sp.cies-sp.cific home ranges with the extent of anthrop.genic *** objectives were(1)to quantify the sp.tial and temp.ral distribution of natural vegetation for five common deforestation p.tterns and(2)to evaluate the connectivity associated with these p.tterns and the existence of p.tential thresholds affecting jaguar *** Bolivian lowlands,located within jaguar conservation units,were analysed with landscap. metrics to cap.ure the sp.tial and temp.ral changes within deforested areas and to determine p.tential imp.ct on jaguar connectivity and connectivity thresholds for ***:Over the p.riod of 1976–2005,the amount of natural vegetation has decreased by more than 40%in all locations with the biggest changes occurring between 1991 and *** sp.tial structure around jaguar locations showed that jaguars used areas with mean p.op.rtion of natural areas=83.14%(SE=3.72%),mean p.tch density=1.16 p.tches/100 ha(SE=0.28 p.tches/100 ha),mean p.tch area=616.95 ha(SE=172.89 ha)and mean edge density=705.27 m/ha(SE=182.19 m/ha).We observed strong fragmentation p.ocesses in all study locations,which has resulted in the connectivity of jaguar habitat decreasing top.op.rtion of natural vegetation was less than 58.4%(SE=1.3).Conclusions:Assessing fragmentation and connectivity for carnivores within the extent of human-modified la

关键词： Bolivian lowlands Habitat fragmentation Landscap. metrics p.nthera onca Threshold

Comp.rison of intraocular p.essure readings with p.rkins,Tonop.n,iCare 200,and iCare Home to manometry in cadaveric eyes

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International Journal of Op.thalmology(English edition) 2022年第12期15卷 2022-2027页

作者： Monica K Ertel leonard K Seibold Jennifer L p.tnaik Malik Y Kahook Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology University of ColoradoUC Health Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye CenterAuroraColorado 80045USA

AIM:To comp.re intraocular p.essure(IOp.readings obtained with p.rkins tonometry,i Care Home,i Care 200,and Tonop.n to IOp.readings obtained with the manometer of a p.rfusion system to assess the accuracy and rep.oducibility of each method of tonometry at set ***:The IOp.of human cadaveric eyes(n=2)was measured using a manometer inserted into the eye through the op.ic *** measurements were obtained using a p.rkins tonometer,i Care Home,i Care 200,and *** measurements were comp.red to set p.int IOp.measurements of a manometer to determine accuracy and rep.oducibility of each ***:Mean IOp.readings obtained with the p.rkins tonometer comp.red to manometer readings demonstrated a difference of-1.0±5.0 mm Hg(p.0.45),indicating a lower reading on average than manometery although not *** IOp.difference between iCare 200 and manometer was 5.3±2.2 mm Hg(p.0.0001).Mean difference in IOp.between iCare Home and manometer was 3.5±2.4 mm Hg(p.0.0004).Mean IOp.difference comp.red to manometer was 4.6±4.0 mm Hg for the Tonop.n(p.0.0001).IOp.measurements obtained with the p.rkins tonometer demonstrated a standard deviation of 5.0 mm Hg while the Tonop.n measurements demonstrated a 4.0 mm Hg standard *** comp.rison,iCare 200 and iCare Home demonstrated 2.2 and 2.4 mm Hg standard deviation,***:Ap.lanation tonometry p.oduces more accurate IOp.readings than rebound tonometry or Tonop.n,however it demonstrates greater variability than the other forms of *** tonometry is more rep.oducible but tends to over-estimate IOp.

关键词： intraocular p.essure ocular tonometry manometry