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Sustainability Assessment of Banana (Musa spp.) Yield Gap Reduction through Value Chain Development Interventions in Smallholder Farming Systems in Manicaland, Zimbabwe

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 962-992页

作者： Mthintwa Tawanda hove Hlamalani Ngwenya Johan van Niekerk Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Center of Sustainable Agriculture Extension and Rural Development University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa

This study evaluated the effectiveness of donor supported agricultural value chain development projects in sustainably narrowing yield gaps for banana smallholder farmer producers in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. The study used a mixed methods research design that relied on farmers records for the quantitative analysis and focus group discussion and in-depth interviews for key experts for the qualitative aspects. A mix of regression analysis, t-tests, Pearsons’s correlation and analysis of variance statistical methods were used for the quantitative analysis while thematic response analysis was used for the qualitative engagements. The findings showed that by the end of the activity, the project had successfully narrowed the banana yield gaps to 18.66 tons per hectare working with a potential yield base of 40 tons. However, 5 years after the project closure the yield gap had fallen to 24.7 tons indicating a lack of sustainability of yield gap reduction. However, the yield gap slump does not override the fact that farmers on average were still able to sell approximately 5 tons per every 6 months after 5 years from the project closure which is beyond any poverty threshold. This suggests genuine upward economic mobility. Additionally, in analyzing what factors had the greatest influence on yield gap reduction, the access to fertilizer ranked highest where genetics, irrigation and improved agronomy followed in that respective order. The study further showed that farmers who receive value chain development support whilst at an already commercialized state tend to maintain productivity thresholds higher in comparison to those who are at a pre commercial state. This is evidenced by the fact that the pre commercial farmers had a yield reduction of 30.83 percent after 5 years of the project closure whereas the former realized a productivity growth of 7.84%. In conclusion, whilst the intervention was successful in transitioning farmers out of poverty, more investment should be made to

关键词： Yield Gap Value Chain Development Soil Health Varietal Replacement Rate Sustainability and Economic Mobility

ROCK inhibition as a novel potential strategy for axonal regeneration in optic neuropathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第12期10卷 1949-1950页

作者： Inge van hove Evy Lefevere Lieve Moons Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group Department of BiologyKU Leuven Laboratory of Ophthalmology Department of NeurosciencesKU Leuven

Optic neuropathies or optic nerve diseases are a frequent cause of permanent vision loss that can occur after inflammation,ischemia,infection,tumors,trauma and/or an elevated pressure inside the eye（also called intra... 详细信息

关键词： ROCK inhibition as a novel potential strategy for axonal regeneration in optic neuropathies RGCs

Complementary research in mammals and fish indicates MMP-2 as a pleiotropic contributor to optic nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第5期11卷 740-742页

作者： Kim Lemmens Inge van hove Lieve Moons Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group Department of BiologyKU Leuven

Matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs）are members of the metzincin superfamily named after the zinc ion and the conserved methionine residue at the active *** addition to their role in extracellular matrix（ECM）remodeling... 详细信息

关键词： MMP Complementary research in mammals and fish indicates MMP-2 as a pleiotropic contributor to optic nerve regeneration MMPs

A perspective on causality assessment in epigenetic research on neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 331-332页

作者： Philippos Koulousakis Assia Tiane Niels Hellings Jos Prickaerts Daniel van den hove Tim vanmierlo Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Neuroscience Biomedical Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium University MS Center(UMSC)Hasselt-Pelt HasseltBelgium Department of Immunology and Infection Biomedical Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany

Epigenetics refers to herita ble and reversible processes regulating gene expression that do not involve a change to the DNA *** modifications include DNA modifications(*** methylation a nd hydroxymethyl at ion),histo... 详细信息

关键词： degenerative sequence modification

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地拉那金字塔

世界建筑导报 2024年第4期39卷 121-125页

作者： Ronald Hoogeveen Stavros Gargaretas Guido Boeters Angel Sanchez Navarro Boris Tikvarski Jasper van der Ven Mirco Facchinelli Manuel Magnaguagno leo Stuckardt MVRDV

地拉那金字塔是一个新型的文化中心,位于阿尔巴尼亚首都的中心地带。地拉那金字塔最初是作为纪念共产主义者恩维尔·霍查(EnverHoxha)而建的博物馆,MVRDV对其进行了巨大的改造,现在的地拉那金字塔重新使用了混凝土结构,已经成为了一个... 详细信息

地拉那金字塔是一个新型的文化中心,位于阿尔巴尼亚首都的中心地带。地拉那金字塔最初是作为纪念共产主义者恩维尔·霍查(EnverHoxha)而建的博物馆,MVRDV对其进行了巨大的改造,现在的地拉那金字塔重新使用了混凝土结构,已经成为了一个新公园中的开放式雕塑。公园和雕塑中散布着一个个五颜六色的盒子,这些盒子散落在原来的建筑中及其周围,里面有咖啡馆、工作室、工作坊、创业办公室、孵化器、节庆活动,还有供阿尔巴尼亚青年免费学习各种技术和知识的教室。建筑倾斜的外墙还增加了台阶,让阿尔巴尼亚人民可以在这位前共产主义者的杰作上漫步。

关键词：工作坊金字塔节庆活动孵化器阿尔巴尼亚咖啡馆工作室混凝土结构

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Strong variation in frequencies of male and female determiners between neighboring housefly populations

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1470-1482页

作者： Xuan Li Fangfei Lin Louis van de Zande leo W.Beukeboom Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands

Sex-determination mechanisms evolve rapidly and vary between ***,polymorphic systems are found,like in the *** the dynamics and stability of such systems can provide a better understanding of the evolution of sex-determination *** the housefly,dominant male-determining loci(M)can lie not only on the Y chromosome(M^(Y)),but also on autosomes(M^(A))or the X chromosome(M^(X)).M enforces male development by inhibiting the female-determining gene transformer(tra).A mutant tra allele,tra^(D),is insensitive to M and is a dominant female determiner.M^(Y) prevails at high latitudes and polymorphic M loci together with tra^(D) at low *** get more insight into the stability and frequencies of these sex determiners with mutually exclusive dominance,we investigated 5 regional Spanish *** found strong variation among *** populations with hemizygous M^(III) were found,2 contained homozygous M^(X) with additional hemizygous MI and M^(II) in 1 *** population contained homozygous and hemizygous M^(X) with additionally hemizygous M^(II).All females in populations with homozygous M,had tra^(D),whereas no tra^(D) was found in populations without homozygous *** results indicate locally stable systems may either harbor a single hemizygous M and no tra^(D),corresponding to a male heterogametic system,or homozygous and/or multiple M and heterozygous tra^(D),reminiscent of a female heterogametic *** support that M loci can accumulate in the presence of a dominant female *** migration between populations may contribute to the stability of these systems.

关键词： aneuploidy housefly polymorphic sex determination recombination regional variation sex-determining loci

Absence of complementary sex determination in two Leptopilina species(Figitidae,Hymenoptera)and a reconsideration of its incompatibility with endosymbiont-induced thelytoky

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 900-914页

作者： Fangying Chen Martijn Schenkel Elzemiek Geuverink Louis van de Zande leo W.Beukeboom Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of GroningenP.O.Box 11103 Groningen9700 CCthe Netherlands

Complementary sex determination(CSD)is a widespread sex determination mechanism in haplodiploid *** CSD,sex is determined by the allelic state of one or multiple CSD *** at one or more loci leads to female development,whereas hemizygosity of haploid eggs and homozygosity of diploid eggs results in male ***(arrhenotokous)reproduction normally yields haploid male and diploid female *** asexual reproduction(thelytoky),diploidized unfertilized eggs develop into *** is often induced by bacterial endosymbionts that achieve egg diploidization by gamete *** gamete duplication leads to complete homozygosity,endosymbiont-induced thelytokous reproduction is presumed to be incompatible with CSD,which relies on heterozygosity for female ***,we excluded CSD in four Asobara(Braconidae)species and proposed a two-step mechanism for Wolbachia-induced thelytoky in Asobara ***,we conclusively reject CSD in two cynipid wasp species,Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina *** further show that thelytoky in *** depends on Wolbachia titer but that diploidization and feminization steps cannot be separated,unlike in *** discuss what these results reveal about the sex determination mechanism of *** and the presumed incompatibility between CSD and endosymbiont-induced thelytoky in the Hymenoptera.

关键词： arrhenotoky haplodiploidy inbreeding sex determination thelytoky Wolbachia bacteria

Use of incipient motion data for backward erosion piping models

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第5期34卷 401-408页

作者： Vera M.van Beek Bryant A.Robbins Gijs J.C.M.Hoffmans Adam Bezuijen leo C.van Rijn Deltares U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center Ghent University leovanrijn-Sediment-Consultancy

Backward erosion piping involves the gradual removal of granular material under the action of water flow from the foundation of a dam or levee, whereby shallow pipes are formed that grow in the direction opposite to the flow. This pipe-forming process can ultimately lead to failure of a water-retaining structure and is considered one of the most important failure mechanisms for dikes and levees in the Netherlands and the United States. Modeling of this mechanism requires the assessment of hydraulic conditions in the pipe, which are controlled by the particle equilibrium at the pipe wall. Since the pipe’s dimensions are controlled by the inflow to the pipe from the porous medium, the flow through the pipe is thought to be laminar for fine-to medium-grained sands. The literature provides data for incipient motion in laminar flow, which is reviewed here and complemented with data from backward erosion experiments. The experiments illustrate the applicability of the laminar incipient motion data to determine the erosion pipe dimensions and corresponding pipe hydraulics for fine-to medium-grained sands, for the purpose of backward erosion piping modeling.

关键词： Internal erosion Backward erosion piping Cylindrical test Incipient motion Dikes Levees

Mushroomβ-glucan and polyphenol formulations as natural immunity boosters and balancers:nature of the application

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 378-396页

作者： Maja Kozarski Anita Klaus leo van Griensven Dragica Jakovljevic Nina Todorovic Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar Jovana Vunduk Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade 11080Serbia Plant Research International Wageningen University and Research CentreWageningen 6700 AAThe Netherlands Institute of Chemistry Technology and MetallurgyUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade 11000Serbia Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory Institute of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute of General and Physical Chemistry University of BelgradeBelgrade 11158Serbia

Mushrooms are experiencing a kind of renaissance as a part of the contemporary human *** valuable organisms are more than food,they fit in perfectly as a novel market group known as ***-balancing mushroom dietary fibers and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols are the main focus of the healthcare *** and cosmetic companies are increasingly using mushroom extracts rich in these *** review considers the basic molecular immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of the most commonly used mushroom dietary fibers,β-*** literature data on their bioavailability,metabolic transformations,preclinical and human clinical research,and safety are *** mechanisms of polyphenol ingredients are also *** molecules present great potential in the design of the new immunity balancer formulations according to their widespread structural ***,we draw attention to the perspectives of modern trends in mushroom nutraceutical and cosmeceutical formulations to strengthen and balance immunity.

关键词： Mushrooms β-Glucan Polyphenols Immunity boosters Superfood Natural cosmetics