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High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among primary school children,Uttar Pradesh,India,2015

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1235-1243页

作者： Sandipan Ganguly Sharad Barkataki Sumallya Karmakar Prerna Sanga K.Boopathi K.Kanagasabai P.Kamaraj Punam Chowdhury Rituparna Sarkar Dibyendu Raj leo james Shanta Dutta Rakesh Sehgal Priya Jha Manoj Murhekar National Institute of Cholera&Enteric Diseases Indian Council of Medical ResearchKolkataIndia Evidence Action-Deworm the World Initiative New DelhiIndia GFK Mode MumbaiIndia Department of Epidemiology National Institute of EpidemiologyIndian Council of Medical ResearchChennaiIndia Department of Medical Parasitology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia

Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections often affect the poorest and most deprived *** order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program,we conducted a survey among primary school children studying in government schools in the Indian state of Uttar *** objectives of our survey were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children studying in 130 primary schools from 9 agroclimatic zones,during May-August *** about socio-demographic details,defecation and handhygiene practices,and stool samples were collected from the school *** samples were examined using the Kato-Katz ***:Stool samples from 6421 school children were *** overall weighted prevalence of any STH in the State was 75.6%(95%CI:71.2-79.5).The prevalence was more than 50%in six of the nine agro-climatic *** was the most prevalent STH(prevalence:69.6%),followed by hookworm(prevalence:22.6%)and ***(4.6%).The majority of the STH infections were of low *** practice of open defecation and not washing hands with soap after defecation and residence in kutcha house were significant risk factors of STH ***:STH prevalence among primary school children in Uttar Pradesh was *** the WHO guidelines on deworming frequency according to STH prevalence,Govt of Uttar Pradesh needs to implement a school-based deworming program with bi-annual *** findings of our survey would also help monitor the performance of school based deworming programme.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Uttar Pradesh India

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INTERACTION OF SIMILARLY CHARGED SURFACES MEDIATED BY NANOPARTICLES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2011年第4期29卷 414-420页

作者： Klemen Bohinc leo Lue Faculty of Health Sciences University of LjubljanaSI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of StrathclydeJames Weir Building75 Montrose StreetGlasgow G1 1XJUK

We study the interaction between two like charged surfaces embedded in a solution of oppositely charged multivalent rod-like counterions. The counterions consist of two rigidly bonded point charges, each of valency Z. The strength of the electrostatic coupling increases with increasing surface charge density or valency of the charges. The system is analyzed by employing a self-consistent field theory, which treats the short and long range interactions of the counterions within different approximations. We find that in the weak coupling limit, the interactions are only repulsive. In the intermediate coupling regime, the multivalent rod-like counterions can mediate attractive interactions between the surfaces. For sufficiently long rods, bridging contributes to the attractive interaction. In the strong coupling limit, the charge correlations can contribute to the attractive interactions at short separations between the charged surfaces. Two minima can then appear in the force curve between surfaces.

关键词： Electrostatics Nanoparticle interactions Theory.

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Lethal means and suicide prevention among military veterans

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Military Medical Research 2023年第1期10卷 139-140页

作者： Joshua Levine leo Sher Veterans’Administration New York Harbor Healthcare System BrooklynNY 11209USA james J.Peters Veterans’Administration Medical Center BronxNY 10468USA

Dear Editor,Suicide amongst the military veteran population is a significant *** VeteranSuicidePreventionAnnualReportrevealedthat6261 died by suicide in 2019[1]. The lingering effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (... 详细信息

关键词： Suicide Depression Public health Lethal means Military veterans

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Characterization of the Expression of the ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptor Following Status Epilepticus and during Epilepsy Using a P2X7-EGFP Reporter Mouse

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第11期36卷 1242-1258页

作者： james Morgan Mariana Alves Giorgia Conte Aida Menendez-Mendez Laura de Diego-Garcia Gioacchino de leo Edward Beamer Jonathon Smith Annette Nicke Tobias Engel Department of Physiology and Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D02 YN77Ireland FutureNeuro Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological DiseasesRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D02 YN77Ireland Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of MedicineLudwig-Maximilians-Universitat Miinchen80336 MunichGermany

Mounting evidence suggests that the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor contributes to increased hyperexcitability in the *** increased expression of P2X7 in the hippocampus and cortex following status epilepticus and during epilepsy has been repeatedly demonstrated,the cell type-specific expression of P2X7 and its expression in extra-hippocampal brain structures remains incompletely *** this study,P2X7 expression was visualized by using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing P2X7 fused to the fluorescent protein *** results showed increased P2X7-EGFP expression after status epilepticus induced by intra-amygdala kainic acid and during epilepsy in different brain regions including the hippocampus,cortex,striatum,thalamus and cerebellum,and this was most evident in microglia and *** of P2X7-EGFP with cell type-specific markers was not detected in neurons or *** data suggest that P2X7 activation is a common pathological hallmark across different brain structures,possibly contributing to brain inflammation and neurodegeneration following acute seizures and during epilepsy.

关键词： Purinergic signaling P2X7 Green fluorescence protein Status epilepticus Epilepsy Cell typespecific expression

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Boosting charge collection efficiency via large-area free-standing Ag/ZnO core-shell nanowire array electrodes

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第2期29卷 124-128页

作者： Yuyi Feng Paul Kim Clayton A.Nemitz Kwang-Dae Kim Yoonseok Park Karl leo james Dorman Jonas Weickert Yongtian Wang Lukas Schmidt-Mende School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Physics University of Konstanz Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California94720 Berkeley USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) Dresden University of Technology Chemical Engineering Department Louisiana State University

Hybrid nanostructures, comprising of a metal core and a semiconductor shell layer, show great potential for a new generation of low-cost solar cells due to their unique electronic and optical properties. However, experimental results have fallen far short of the ultra-high efficiency(i.e. beyond Shockley-Queisser limit) predicted by theoretical simulations. This limits the commercial application of these materials. Here, a non-transparent organic solar cell with an array of Ag/ZnO nanowires has been experimentally fabricated to increase the internal quantum efficiency(IQE) by a factor of 2.5 compared to a planar counterpart. This result indicates a significant enhancement of charge collection efficiency due to the ultrafast Ag nanowire channels. This hybrid nanostructure can also serve as a perfect back reflector for semi-transparent solar cells, which can result in enhanced light absorption by a factor of 1.8 compared to the reference samples. The enhanced charge collection and light absorption can make these Ag/ZnO nanostructures available for the application of modern optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Vertically aligned nanowires Silver Core-shell Charge collection efficiency Light harvesting Semi-transparent organic solar cells

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Rapid,high-resolution detection of environmental change over continental scales from satellite data–the Earth Observation Data Cube

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第1期9卷 106-111页

作者： Adam Lewis leo Lymburner Matthew B.J.Purss Brendan Brooke Ben Evans Alex Ip Arnold G.Dekker james R.Irons Stuart Minchin Norman Mueller Simon Oliver Dale Roberts Barbara Ryan Medhavy Thankappan Rob Woodcock Lesley Wyborn Geoscience Australia CanberraAustralia National Computational Infrastructure Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CanberraAustralia NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMDUSA Research School of Finance Actuarial Studies and Applied StatisticsANUCanberraAustralia The Group on Earth Observations Secretariate GenevaSwitzerland

The effort and cost required to convert satellite Earth Observation(EO)data into meaningful geophysical variables has prevented the systematic analysis of all available *** overcome these problems,we utilise an integrated High Performance Computing and Data environment to rapidly process,restructure and analyse the Australian Landsat data *** this approach,the EO data are assigned to a common grid framework that spans the full geospatial and temporal extent of the observations–the EO Data *** approach is pixel-based and incorporates geometric and spectral calibration and quality assurance of each Earth surface reflectance *** demonstrate the utility of the approach with rapid time-series mapping of surface water across the entire Australian continent using 27 years of continuous,25 m resolution *** preliminary analysis of the Landsat archive shows how the EO Data Cube can effectively liberate high-resolution EO data from their complex sensor-specific data structures and revolutionise our ability to measure environmental change.

关键词： Earth Observation Data Cube HPD HPC surface water Landsat Australia

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Mental health of the male adolescent and young man: the Copenhagen statement

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第3期14卷 224-232页

作者： Timothy R.Rice Lesha D.Shah Pilar Trelles Shih-Ku Lin Dinne Skjaerlund Christensen Andreas Walther leo Sher Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1 Gustave L.Levy PlaceNew YorkNY 10029USA New York University School of Medicine New Y orkNYUSA Taipei City Hospital and T aipei Medical University TaipeiChina Department of Public Health Center for Healthy Aging and Section of En vironmental HealthUniversity of Copenhag enCopenhagenDenmark Biological Psychology TU DresdenDresdenGermany Clinical Psychology and Psy chotherapy University of Zur ichZurichSwitzerland james J.Peters VA Medical Center and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New Y orkNYUSA

Background Male adolescents and young men benefit when their mental health care is specialized to match their unique gendered and developmental needs. Sensitivity to the social circumstances of this population is important;additionally, the emerging ability to tailor care through knowledge gleaned from the intersection of psychiatry, neurology, and endocrinol-ogy informs care. Data sources This article summarized the views of six experts in the area of the adolescent and young adult male mental health. These experts were select members of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry's Task Force on Men's Mental Health. They convened to present two symposia on the topic of men's mental health at the 13th World Congress of Biological Psychiatry (WCBP) in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2017. Results In these works, a special focus is paid to addictive disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, aggression, and brain development. Collectively, the authors present an argument for the merits of a male-specifi c model of mental health care to advance the overall well-being of this population. Conclusions Men's mental health should be recognized as a social issue as much as a medical issue, with special attention paid to problems such as unemployment, familial disruption, and substance abuse. These problems, and especially those of major societal impact including violence and suicide which are much more frequently the product of male youth and men, should have more male-tailored options for service provision that respond to men's mental health needs.

关键词： Aggression Development Externalizing behaviors Inpatient care Men's mental health Testosterone

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Giant ultrafast dichroism and birefringence with active nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第10期13卷 2240-2250页

作者： Giulia Crotti Mert Akturk Andrea Schirato Vincent Vinel Anton A.Trifonov Ivan C.Buchvarov Dragomir N.Neshev Remo Proietti Zaccaria Paolo Laporta Aristide Lemaître Giuseppe leo Giulio Cerullo Margherita Maiuri Giuseppe Della Valle Department of Physics Politecnico di Milano20133 MilanoItaly Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 16163 GenovaItaly Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques(MPQ) UniversitéParis Cité&CNRS75013 ParisFrance John Atanasoff Center for Bio and Nano Photonics(JAC BNP) 1164 SofiaBulgaria Department of Physics St.Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia5 James Bourchier Boulevard1164 SofiaBulgaria ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia. Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Industrial TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China. Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie(IFN) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche20133 MilanoItaly. UniversitéParis-Saclay CNRSCentre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert91120 PalaiseauFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Switching of light polarization on the sub-picosecond timescale is a crucial functionality for applications in a variety of contexts,including telecommunications,biology and *** ability to control polarization at ultrafast speed would pave the way for the development of unprecedented free-space optical links and of novel techniques for probing dynamical processes in complex systems,as chiral *** high switching speeds can only be reached with an all-optical paradigm,i.e.,engineering active platforms capable of controlling light polarization via ultrashort laser *** we demonstrate giant modulation of dichroism and birefringence in an all-dielectric metasurface,achieved at low fluences of the optical control *** performance,which leverages the many degrees of freedom offered by all-dielectric active metasurfaces,is obtained by combining a high-quality factor nonlocal resonance with the giant third-order optical nonlinearity dictated by photogenerated hot carriers at the semiconductor band edge.

关键词： dielectric surfaces nonlinearity

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A Finite Element Analysis Study Comparing 3 Internal Fixation Techniques in Mandibular Sagittal Split Osteotomy

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2018年第5期7卷 298-311页

作者： Muhammad Kamil Hassan Michael Ring leo F. A. Stassen Dublin Dental School and Hospital Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland St. james’s Hospital Dublin Dublin Ireland Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin Ireland Dublin Dental School and Hospital Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

Purpose: To analyse, and compare using finite element analysis, the biomechanical properties of the 1.7 mm miniplate fixation against 2 conventional fixation techniques (2.0 mm bi-cortical screws and 2.0 mm miniplate) used in the mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. Methods: A 3-D virtual mandible model was constructed using images from CT scan. Sagittal split osteotomy was carried out virtually, and the fixation techniques were applied onto the model. 9 virtual models consisted of the 3 fixation techniques with mandibular movements of 3 mm setback, 3 mm advancement and 7 mm advancement were developed. Bite forces of 50, 75 and 100 N were applied for incisor bite simulation and 100, 200 and 300 N for molar biting force. Finite element analysis was carried out in Solidworks, and readings of stresses and displacement were recorded. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied and P-value of 0.05 was set for statistical analysis. Results: In this manuscript the authors have compared 3 internal fixation techniques in mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. There was a statistically significant difference for both stress and displacement readings between the 1.7 mm miniplate, the 2.0 mm bi-cortical screws and the 2.0 mm miniplate for all mandibular movements. For the 1.7 mm miniplate vs 2.0 mm bi-cortical screws, the stress reading was (P = 3.063e-08, W = 314), and for displacement was (P = 5.811e-05, W = 282). For the 1.7 mm miniplate vs 2.0 mm miniplate, the stress reading was (P = 9.862e-4, W = 263) and for displacement was (2.05e-2, W = 235). Conclusion: The 1.7 mm miniplate has adequate strength to be used in mandibular sagittal split osteotomy, although statistically less rigid when compared to the conventional 2.0 mm miniplate and 2.0 mm bi-cortical screws, especially in larger movements.

关键词： Orthognathic BSSO Rigid Fixation Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis

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Fostering social innovation and building adaptive capacity for dengue control in Cambodia: a case study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 93-104页

作者： Pierre Echaubard Chea Thy Soun Sokha Set Srun Claudia Nieto-Sanchez Koen Peters Grietens Noel R.Juban Jana Mier-Alpano Sucelle Deacosta Mojgan Sami leo Braack Bernadette Ramirez Jeffrey Hii SOAS University London Thornhaugh StreetLondon WC1H 0XGUK Malaria Consortium Phnom PenhCambodia Institute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpBelgium Social Innovation and Health Initiatives University of the PhilipinesManillaPhilippines California State University FullertonUSA UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases GenevaSwitzerland Australian Institute of Tropical Health&Medicine James Cook University of North QueeslandTownsvilleQLDAustralia

Background:The social-ecological systems theory,with its unique conception of resilience(social-ecological systems&resilience,SESR),provides an operational framework that currently best meets the need for integration and adaptive governance as encouraged by the Sustainable Development *** accounts for the complex dynamics of social-ecological systems and operationalizes transdisciplinarity by focusing on community engagement,value co-creation,decentralized leadership and social *** Social Innovation(SI)in the context of implementation research for vector-borne diseases(VBD)control offers a low-cost strategy to contribute to lasting and contextualized community engagement in disease control and health development in low and middle income countries of the global *** this article we describe the processes of community engagement and transdisciplinary collaboration underpinning community-based dengue management in rural primary schools and households in two districts in ***:Multiple student-led and community-based interventions have been implemented focusing on empowering education,communication for behavioral change and participatory epidemiology mapping in order to engage Cambodian communities in dengue *** describe in particular the significance of the participatory processes that have contributed to the design of SI products that emerged following iterative consultations with community stakeholders to address the dengue ***:The SI products that emerged following our interaction with community members are 1)adult mosquito traps made locally from solid waste collections,2)revised dengue curriculum with hands-on activities for transformative learning,3)guppy distribution systems led by community members,4)co-design of dengue prevention communication material by students and community members,5)community ***:The initiative described in this article put in motion processes of community engagemen

关键词： Social-ecological system Community engagement Transdisciplinarity Health development Sustainability Integrated vector management Social innovation in health

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