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Biochar Serves as a long-term Soil Carbon Pool

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 231-232页

作者： lena Q.Ma Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida

Biochar is a carbon-rich(>60%)organic material derived from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and *** consists of a continuum ranging from slightly charred material through char and charcoal to soot,and is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,marine sediment,soil and ***,>80%of biochar produced ends up in soils,where it resides for hundreds to thousands of *** of its resistance to biological and chemical breakdown, biochar can serve as a pool of C with long residence time in the *** a result,there has been increasing attention given to the potential of biochar to sequestrate carbon and counteract

关键词： biochar soil carbon pool carbon-based greenhouse gases

Health care in light of different theories of health——A proposed framework for integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期17卷 321-327页

作者： lena Gronblom lundstrom Ulrika Aasa Yan Zhang Tobias Sundberg Physiotherapy Unit Department of Community Medicine and RehabilitationUmea University90187 UmeaSweden Harris College o f Nursing and Health Sciences Texas Christian UniversityFort WorthTX 76109USA Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM) Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia Musculoskeletal and Sports Injury Epidemiology Center (MUSIC) Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska Institutet111 77 StockholmSweden

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the biomedical,the biopsychosocial, and the social humanistic theories of health and to propose a framework for integrating the latter into health care. In summary, the definitions of health, illness and disease are essential to the practice of health care and play fundamental roles in how patients’ experiences of being ill are valued and assessed within health care systems. Principally, the biomedical perspective proceeds from pathoanatomical deficiencies defining disease and malfunction;the addition of psychosocial components forms a biopsychosocial *** addition, the social humanistic perspective extends from a person’s will, their ability to act, and the possibility to fulfill wanted actions. Thus, health care that does not address the social humanistic perspective may lack the power to describe how these entities are related to the patient on a personal level;thus,the will of the patient is not always fully addressed. Importantly, by targeting the will of the patient and the patient’s ability to act, the proposed framework of integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care may further emphasize and strengthen the interrelatedness of medical perspectives. A framework for integrating a social humanistic perspective into health care is proposed and its potential impact on health care is discussed.

关键词： Theoretical models Biomedical Biopsychosocial Social humanistic Review

Renewable energy in Benin: current situation and future prospects

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Clean Energy 2023年第5期7卷 952-961页

作者： Romain Akpahou lena D.Mensah David A.Quansah Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens,all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly *** has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent *** country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy(RE)potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production *** paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future *** current energy situation of the country is discussed,followed by an examination of its electricity demand-and-supply *** country has been found to depend heavily on natural gas and petroleum products from neighbouring countries and has~41%of national electricity ***,the government is taking considerable steps to implement RE projects in the *** study analyzes government targets in the energy sector with existing policies and institutional *** are made for the benefit of the government,the private sector and other actors in order to developing the RE potential of Benin.

关键词： Benin electricity demand energy policy future prospect renewable energy

Toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil in aquatic environment on Carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant defense system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 612-617页

作者： WANG Yuanyuan ZHOU Qixing PENG Shengwei MA lena Q NIU Xiaowei Key laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education of China) College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tganjin 300071 China Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-0290 USA

Under the indoor simulant conditions, toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil which was put into aquatic environment on the young fishes Carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant system after a 20-d exposure were investigated. Results showed that the relationship between the mortality of C. auratus and the exposed doses could be divided into 3 phases： fishes exposed to the low dose groups （0.5-5.0 g/l） were dead due to the ingestion of crude-oil-contaminated soils in aquatic environment; at the medium dose groups （5.0-25.0 g/l） fishes were dead due to the penetration of toxic substances; at the high dose groups （25.0-50.0 g/l） fishes were dead due to environmental stress. The highest mortality and death speed were found in the 1.0 g/l dose group, and the death speed was sharply increased in the 50.0 g/l dose group in the late phase of exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） and the content of malaondialdehyde （MDA） in the hepatic tissues of C. auratus were induced significantly. The activity of SOD was increased and then decreased. It was significantly inhibited in the 50.0 g/l dose group. The activity of CAT was highly induced, and restored to a level which is little more than the control when the exposed doses exceeded 10.0 g/l. The activity of GST was the most sensitive, it was significantly induced in all dose groups, and the highest elevation was up to 6 times in the 0.5 g/l dose group comparing with the control. The MDA content was significantly elevated in the 50.0 g/l dose group, and the changes of the MDA content were opposite with the changes of GST activity.

关键词： crude-oil-contaminated soil ecotoxicology aquatic environment Carassius auratus antioxidant defense system

Catalytic effect of platinum and silver in a hydrogen peroxide monopropellant ceramic microthruster

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第3期9卷 216-224页

作者： Zahra Khaji lena Klintberg Kristoffer Palmer Greger Thornell Angstrom Space Technology Centre.Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University.Box 35Uppsala.75103Sweden Division of Microsystems Technology Department of Engineering SciencesUppsala UniversityBox 35.Uppsala.75103Sweden Nanospace AB Ulis Tag 29A.Uppsala75651Sweden

Ceramic microthrusters with an embedded Pt resistive heater,two temperature sensors,and a Pt or Ag catalytic bed were made of high-temperature co-fired alumina *** increase the surface area by a factor of 1.21,and so the catalytic effect,the Pt catalytic bed was made porous by mixing the Pt paste with 15—20vol.%graphite sacrificial paste before screen printing *** was in-situ electroplated on the porous Pt surface after *** of 50wt.%hydrogen peroxide as a monopropellant was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively by changing the catalyst(between Ag and Pt),flow rate(15—55 μl/min),and operating temperature(115—300℃).A reference device without catalyst exhibited an unstable behavior as a result of no,or vety little,decomposition,whereas the Ag catalyst was more stable,and the Pt one even more ***,Pt was found to be slightly more ***,there were small differences between Pt and Ag in the power needed to maintain the *** inventive methods to make the Pt bed porous as well as in-situ electroplating Ag were success-fully demonstrated.

关键词： Monopropellant microthruster HTCC Catalytic bed Platinum Silver Hydrogen peroxide Electroplating

China in South Caucasus:Challenges and Opportunities in the Background of BRI

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China in South Caucasus:Challenges and Opportunities in the ...

作者： lena Nishnianidze 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

The aim of this thesis is to define the development of the three South Caucasian countries:Azerbaijan,Armenia and Georgia’s relation with *** main focus of this work is to show the role of China in the region and what challenges and the possibilities can it interface during bilateral relation under the background of *** thesis mostly focusing shortly after the end of Soviet Union when the states got independence and new foreign policy has *** aim of the paper is to describe the major events that had impact on relations between China and the South Caucasus region,to analyse all the dependent and independent variable which bring the Chinese focus in the *** paper claims that Chinese interest is influenced because of the geopolitical side of the region,its strategic location in world map and the natural resources,which directly influences to the economy in positive *** though,it is not neglected to analyse different perspective of the future relation,the factors that shapes actual foreign policy of South *** thesis tries to shed into light that Chinese interest in the region is not only economical segment in region but the geopolitical *** geopolitical determinants,this region is still attractive for many big powers,therefore the paper analyses whether Chinese aim in the region can be intersected by other players like Russia,Turkey and western *** does not refuse its imperialist policy,which has become a tradition,and the United States has been trying to hinder it and the region is another polygon between the two *** is seen as another power which tries to feel regionalism because of the economic interest in the *** the same time,Chinese interest in the region is mostly to use the strategic location as shortcut route to access European market in fast way,the paper shows the importance maritime and land power through the geopolitical *** for the opportunities,paper shows and an

关键词： South Caucasus China Azerbaijan Armenia Georgia BRI Middle Corridor Geopolitics

PlA2G7: a new player in shaping energy metabolism and lifespan

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第7期7卷 2128-2129页

作者： lena Susanna Candels Svea Becker Christian Trautwein Department of Medicine III University Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany

In a recent study published in science,Spadaro and colleagues described the downregulation of PlA2G7 through sustained calory restriction as a crucial factor for lowering inflammatory mechanisms and contributing to ***2G7’s identification as a critical regulatory gene is important to better understand the role of adipose tissue metabolism in regulating immune-metabolic *** data show that long-term calorie restriction(CR)improves health and extends life expectancy.1 Chronic 40%CR increases susceptibility to infections in mice,shortening their *** contrast,the Comprehensive Assessment of long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy(CAlERIE)analysis found that moderate CR in humans over 24 months did not reduce immune functions.14%sustained CR was associated with improved adipose tissue metabolism,decreased inflammation,and reduced thymic *** et *** that low platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolase(PlA2G7)correlates with immune-metabolic consequences of CR and contributes to decreased inflammation and a longer lifespan in healthy mid-aged adults.1 PlA2G7 is a lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 involved in phospholipid catabolism during inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.

关键词： metabolism sustained PlA2

long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity,and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 12-22页

作者： Anna-lena Grün Susanne Straskraba Stefanie Schulz Michael Schloter Christoph Emmerling Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences Department of Soil Science University of Trier J.W.Goethe University Institute of Molecular Biosciences Research for Comparative Microbiome Analysis Helmholtz Zentrum München Chair for Soil Science Technische Universit?t München

The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles（AgNP） in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, ***, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass（quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000） and bacterial ammonia oxidizers（quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009）. Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity（quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014）, and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms（quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001）. The results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag＋ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag^＋ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Soil Microbiome amoA nifH leucine aminopeptidase activity AgPure

Machine-learning driven global optimization of surface adsorbate geometries

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1196-1203页

作者： Hyunwook Jung lena Sauerland Sina Stocker Karsten Reuter Johannes T.Margraf Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6D-14195 BerlinGermany

The adsorption energies of molecular adsorbates on catalyst surfaces are key descriptors in computational catalysis *** the relatively large reaction intermediates frequently encountered,e.g.,in syngas conversion,a multitude of possible binding motifs leads to complex potential energy surfaces(PES),*** implies that finding the optimal structure is a difficult global optimization problem,which leads to significant uncertainty about the stability of many *** tackle this issue,we present a global optimization protocol for surface adsorbate geometries which trains a surrogate machine learning potential *** approach is applicable to arbitrary surface models and adsorbates and minimizes both human intervention and the number of required DFT calculations by iteratively updating the training set with configurations explored by the *** demonstrate the efficiency of this approach for a diverse set of adsorbates on the Rh(111)and(211)surfaces.

关键词： optimization global implies