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Rotational Flows, thermodynamics, Angle Vibration and Action of Whirly Flows on Fishes

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Open journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2017年第4期7卷 53-56页

作者： lena j.-t. stromberg Department of Solid Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

A continuum thermodynamic model for how whirls can transform into thermal energy-forms determined by a functional relation for temperature is derived. this is used to describe how fishes maintain circulation in the va... 详细信息

关键词： Entropy temperature thermodynamics Angular Velocity Vorticity Eddy Harmonic Oscillator Angle Vibration temperature Distribution Spatial Cylindrical Coordinates φ(t )

Senescence-specific Alteration of Hydrogen Peroxide Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oilseed Rape Spring Variety Brassica napus ***

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第8期54卷 540-554页

作者： Stefan Bieker lena Riester Mark Stahl jürgen Franzaring Ulrike Zentgraf ZMBP (Center for Plant Molecular Biology) University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 2872076 Tübingen Germany Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology kologiezentrum 2August-von-Hartmann-Str.370599 StuttgartGermany

In order to analyze the signaling function of hydrogen peroxide （H202） production in senescence in more detail, we manipulated intracellular H202 levels in Arabidopsis thaliala （L.） Heynh by using the hydrogen- peroxide-sensitive part of the Escherichia coil transcription regulator OxyR, which was directed to the cytoplasm as well as into the peroxisomes. H202 levels were lowered and senescence was delayed in both transgenic lines, but OxyR was found to be more effective in the cytoplasm. to transfer this knowledge to crop plants, we analyzed oilseed rape plants Brassica napus L. cv. Mozart for H20~ and its scavenging enzymes catalase （CAt） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） during leaf and plant development. H202 levels were found to increase during bolting and flowering time, but no increase could be observed in the very late stages of senescence. With increasing H202 levels, CAt and APX activities declined, so it is likely that similar mechanisms are used in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis to control H202 levels. Under elevated CO2 conditions, oilseed rape senescence was accelerated and coincided with an earlier increase in H202 levels, indicating that H202 may be one of the signals to inducing senescence in a broader range of Brassicaceae.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana Brassica napus E. coil Oxy-RD intracellular hydrogen peroxide senescence phenotype catalase ascorbatePeroxidase elevated CO2.

Current Injection Provokes Rapid Expansion of the Guard Cell Cytosolic Volume and triggers Ca^2＋ Signals

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Molecular Plant 2016年第3期9卷 471-480页

作者： lena j. Voss Rainer Hedrich M. Rob G. Roelfsema Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences Biocenter Werzburg University Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 97082 Werzburg Germany

High-resolution microscopy opens the door for detailed single-cell studies with fluorescent reporter dyes and proteins. We used a confocal spinning disc microscope to monitor fluorescent dyes and the fluorescent protein Venus in tobacco and Arabidopsis guard cells. Multi-barreled microelectrodes were used to inject dyes and apply voltage pulses, which provoke transient rises in the cytosolic Ca^2＋ level. Voltage pulses also caused changes in the distribution of Lucifer Yellow and Venus, which pointed to a reversible increase of guard cell cytosolic volume. the dynamic cytosolic volume changes turned out to be provoked by current injection of ions. A reduction of the clamp current, by blocking K^＋ uptake channels with Cs^＋, strongly suppressed the cytosolic volume changes. Cs^＋ not only inhibited the expansion of the cytosol, but also inhibited hyperpolarization-induced elevations of the cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration. A complete loss of voltage-induced Ca^2＋ signals occurred when Ca^2＋-permeable plasma membrane channels were simultaneously blocked with La^3＋. this shows that two mechanisms cause hyperpolarization-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca^2＋-concentration：（i） activation of voltage-dependent Ca^2＋-permeable channels, （ii） osmotically induced expansion of the cytosol, which leads to a release of Ca^2＋ from intracellular stores.

关键词： guard cell cytosolic Ca^2+ cytosolic volume voltage clamp current injection ion channel

Haplotype resolved chromosome level genome assembly of Citrus australis reveals disease resistance and other citrus specific genes

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 193-206页

作者： Upuli Nakandala Ardashir Kharabian Masouleh Malcolm WSmith Agnelo Furtado Patrick Mason lena Constantin Robert j.Henry Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Bundaberg Research StationBundabergQueensland 4670Australia

Recent advances in genome sequencing and assembly techniques have made it possible to achieve chromosome level reference genomes for *** few genomes have been anchored at the chromosome level and/or are haplotype phased,with the available genomes of varying accuracy and *** now report a phased high-quality chromosome level genome assembly for an Australian native citrus species;Citrus australis(round lime)using highly accurate PacBio HiFi long reads,complemented with Hi-C *** with Hi-C integrated assembly resulted in a 331 Mb genome of *** with two haplotypes of nine pseudochromosomes with an N50 of 36.3 Mb and 98.8% genome assembly completeness(BUSCO).Repeat analysis showed that more than 50% of the genome contained interspersed *** them,LtR elements were the predominant type(21.0%),of which LtR Gypsy(9.8%)and LtR copia(7.7%)elements were the most abundant repeats.A total of 29464 genes and 32009 transcripts were identified in the *** these,28222 CDS(25753 genes)had BLASt hits and 21401 CDS(75.8%)were annotated with at least one GO *** specific genes for antimicrobial peptides,defense,volatile compounds and acidity regulation were *** synteny analysis showed conserved regions between the two haplotypes with some structural variations in Chromosomes 2,4,7 and *** chromosome scale,and haplotype resolved *** genome will facilitate the study of important genes for citrus breeding and will also allow the enhanced definition of the evolutionary relationships between wild and domesticated citrus species.

关键词： citrus Citrus breeding

Live and Let Die： the Core Circadian Oscillator Coordinates Plant Life History and Pilots Leaf Senescence

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 351-353页

作者： Ulrike Zentgraf jasmin Doll lena Riester Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants (ZMBP) University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen Germany

For a long time, many scientists were keen on discovering ＂the master regulator＂ of plant senescence. However, in the last two decades, it became very clear that this ＂master regulator＂ does not exist, but an extremely complex regulatory network controls all aspects and phases of senescence. temporal transcript profiling of a defined leaf of Arabidopsis with high resolution, which covered 22 time points during onset and progression of leaf senescence, revealed expression changes of more than 6500 genes and disclosed a distinct chronology of events （Breeze et al., 2011）. Besides autophagy and transport,

关键词： ARABIDOPSIS

Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity,and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 12-22页

作者： Anna-lena Grün Susanne Straskraba Stefanie Schulz Michael Schloter Christoph Emmerling Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences Department of Soil Science University of Trier j.W.Goethe University Institute of Molecular Biosciences Research for Comparative Microbiome Analysis Helmholtz Zentrum München Chair for Soil Science Technische Universit?t München

the increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles（AgNP） in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. the study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. the short term effects of AgNP were, in general, ***, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass（quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000） and bacterial ammonia oxidizers（quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009）. Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity（quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014）, and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms（quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001）. the results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag＋ion release. thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag^＋ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Soil Microbiome amoA nifH Leucine aminopeptidase activity AgPure

Eosinophil associated genes in the inflammatory bowel disease 4 region:Correlation to inflammatory bowel disease revealed

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第44期18卷 6409-6419页

作者： Kristin Blom jenny Rubin jonas Halfvarson Leif trkvist Anders Rnnblom Per Sangfelt Mikael Lrdal Ulla-Britt jnsson Urban Sjqvist lena Douhan Hkansson Per Venge Marie Carlson Department of Medical Sciences Clinical ChemistryUppsala University HospitalSE-75185 UppsalaSweden Division of Gastroenterology Department of Intestinal Medicinerebro University HospitalSE-70185 rebroSweden School of Health and Medical Sciences rebro UniversitySE-70185 rebroSweden IBD Clinical research group Karolinska University HospitalSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department for Clinical Science Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska University HospitalSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department of Medical Sciences Gastroenterology Research GroupUppsala UniversitySE-75185 UppsalaSweden Department of Medicine Karolinska InstitutetSE-17177 StockholmSweden

AIM： to study the association between inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and genetic variations in eosinophil protein X （EPX） and eosinophil cationic protein （ECP）. MEtHODS： DNA was extracted from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid blood of 587 patients with Crohn＇s disease （CD）, 592 with ulcerative colitis （UC） and 300 healthy subjects. the EPX405 （G 〉 C, rs2013109）, ECP434 （G 〉 C, rs2073342） and ECP562 （G 〉 C, rs2233860） gene polymorphisms were analysed, by the 5＇-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. For de- termination of intracellular content of EPX and ECP in granulocytes, 39 blood samples was collected and extracted with a buffer containing cetyltrimethylam- monium bromide. the intracellular content of EPX was analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent as- say. the intracellular content of ECP was analysed with the UniCAP system as described by the manufacturer. Statistical tests for calculations of results were χ2 test, Fisher＇s exact test, ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls test, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve with Log-rank test for trend, the probability values of P 〈 0.05 were considered statistically ***： the genotype frequency for males with UC and with an age of disease onset of ≥ 45 years （n = 57） was for ECP434 and ECP562, GG = 37%, GC = 60%, CC = 4% and GG = 51%, GC = 49%, CC = 0% respectively. this was significantly different from the healthy subject＇s genotype frequencies of ECP434 （GG = 57%, GC = 38%, CC = 5%; P = 0.010） and ECP562 （GG = 68%, GC = 29%,CC = 3%; P = 0.009）. the genotype frequencies for females, with an age of dis- ease onset of ≥ 45 years with CD （n = 62）, was for the ECP434 and ECP562 genotypes GG = 37%, GC =52%, CC = 11% and GG = 48%, GC = 47% and CC = 5% respectively. this was also statistically different from healthy controls for both ECP434 （P = 0.010） and ECP562 （P = 0.013）. the intracellular protein concen- tration of EPX and ECP was calculated in μg/10^6 eosi- nophils and then correlated to the EPX 405 genotypes

关键词： Eosinophil derived neurotoxin RNase 2 RNase 3 Single nucleotide polymorphism Inflamma-tion bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

SV2B defines a subpopulation of synaptic vesicles

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journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第9期15卷 1-13页

作者： Isabelle Paulussen Hannes Beckert timothy FMusial lena j.Gschossmann julia Wolf Mathieu Schmitt jérôme Clasadonte Georges Mairet-Coello Christian Wolff Susanne Schoch Dirk Dietrich Synaptic Neuroscience team Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital BonnBonn 53127Germany Synaptic Neuroscience team Department of NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonn 53127Germany Microscopy Core Facility Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonn 53127Germany UCB Pharma Braine l’Alleud 1420Belgium

Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein ***,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron ***2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active *** contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active ***2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of ***2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency *** data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial *** almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.

关键词： 3D electron microscopy synaptic vesicles synaptic vesicle proteins endocytosis trafficking spatial organization

Beyond cardiomyocytes:Cellular diversity in the heart's response to exercise

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第4期12卷 423-437,F0003页

作者： lena E.trager Margaret Lyons Alexandra Kuznetsov Cedric Sheffield Kangsan Roh Rebecca Freeman james Rhee j.Sawalla Guseh Haobo Li Anthony Rosenzweig Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Research CenterDepartment of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA University of Minnesota Medical School MinneapolisMI 55455USA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Institute for Heart and Brain Health University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Cardiomyocytes comprise~70%to 85%of the total volume of the adult mammalian heart but only about 25%to 35%of its total number of *** in single cell and single nuclei RNA sequencing have greatly facilitated investigation into and increased appreciation of the potential functions of non-cardiomyocytes in the *** much of this work has focused on the relationship between non-cardiomyocytes,disease,and the heart's response to pathological stress,it will also be important to understand the roles that these cells play in the healthy heart,cardiac homeostasis,and the response to physiological stress such as *** present review summarizes recent research highlighting dynamic changes in non-cardiomyocytes in response to the physiological stress of *** particular interest are changes in fibrotic pathways,the cardiac vasculature,and immune or inflammatory *** many instances,limited data are available about how specific lineages change in response to exercise or whether the changes observed are functionally important,underscoring the need for further research.

关键词： Angiogenesis Cardiac fibrosis Cardioprotection Hypertrophy Non-cardiomyocytes Proliferation