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Satisfying Toilet Needs in Pre-School —Experiences of 5 - 6 Years Old

Health 2016年第15期8卷 1687-1696页

作者： Barbro Lundblad renée Johansson Helena Wigert Anna-lena Hellström The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University Institute of Health and Care Sciences Gothenburg Sweden Center of Clinical Education in Family Medicine Gothenburg Sweden Division of Neonatology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden The Gothenburg University Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC) Gothenburg Sweden

Background: It is known that, for reasons of hygiene and/or anxiety, some first year primary school children actively choose to avoid going to the toilet whilst at school, while at the same time many young children’s primary care visits are due to urinary tract and bowel problems. By this age most children can recognise the bodily signals indicating the need for a toilet visit, and can independently perform the associated routines. Aim of this study was to describe the experience of healthy 5 to 6 years old when needing and using toilets whilst at pre-school. Methods: A qualitative descriptive method was used. Seventeen children aged 5 to 6 years were interviewed. Results: Nearly all used the toilet when the need arose, but there were times during the day when their freedom to use the toilet was restricted. Most children experienced periods of waiting outside the toilet and a long wait could result in a decision to not use it. On those occasions when help was needed, it was usually necessary to shout once or more in order to attract the teacher’s attention. Some children found the toilets clean and fresh while others found them dirty and smelly. Privacy during toilet visits was desirable among the children but queue outside the toilet was a cause of worry. Conclusion: The children were mostly able to use the toilet whilst at preschool, despite the challenges to their senses and integrity and occasionally issues with the teacher’s rules. The need for privacy often had to yield to the teacher’s need to control the children or even because toilet doors and/or locks were not adapted to the children’s requirements.

关键词： Children Pre-School Integrity Safety Toilet Habits

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The relaxin peptide family–potential future hope for neuroprotective therapy? A short review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 402-405页

作者： Marius Nistor Martin Schmidt rené Schiffner Department of Neurology Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany Orthopaedic Department Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany Institute for Biochemistry II Jena University Hospital Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany

Since its discovery in the 1920’s the relaxin peptide hormone family has not only grown in number to now seven members （relaxin-1, relaxin-2, relaxin-3, insulin-like peptide （INSL） 3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6）, but ever more effects, suchs as vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-apoptopic, anti-fibriotic and anti-inflammatory, have been linked to them. While relaxin-2 has mainly been investigated in the context of cardiac protection, most comprehensively in the RELAX-AHF and RELAX AHF2 studies, a small number of studies have furthermore assessed the potential neuroprotective effects of especially relaxin-2 and other members of the relaxin family. In this short review we summarise and discuss recent efforts to utilize relaxin hormones for neuroprotection and point out potential future fields of research and translational applications. While many questions still need to be answered, the promising results of the available studies definitely warrant future well-designed studies on neuroprotection by relaxin peptides.

关键词： relaxin relaxin-2 neuroprotection stroke hemorrhagic shock cerebral

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Eosinophil associated genes in the inflammatory bowel disease 4 region:Correlation to inflammatory bowel disease revealed

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第44期18卷 6409-6419页

作者： Kristin blom Jenny Rubin Jonas Halfvarson Leif Trkvist Anders Rnnblom Per Sangfelt Mikael Lrdal Ulla-Britt Jnsson Urban Sjqvist lena Douhan Hkansson Per Venge Marie Carlson Department of Medical Sciences Clinical ChemistryUppsala University HospitalSE-75185 UppsalaSweden Division of Gastroenterology Department of Intestinal Medicinerebro University HospitalSE-70185 rebroSweden School of Health and Medical Sciences rebro UniversitySE-70185 rebroSweden IBD Clinical research group Karolinska University HospitalSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department for Clinical Science Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska University HospitalSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department of Medical Sciences Gastroenterology Research GroupUppsala UniversitySE-75185 UppsalaSweden Department of Medicine Karolinska InstitutetSE-17177 StockholmSweden

AIM： To study the association between inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and genetic variations in eosinophil protein X （EPX） and eosinophil cationic protein （ECP）. METHODS： DNA was extracted from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid blood of 587 patients with Crohn＇s disease （CD）, 592 with ulcerative colitis （UC） and 300 healthy subjects. The EPX405 （G 〉 C, rs2013109）, ECP434 （G 〉 C, rs2073342） and ECP562 （G 〉 C, rs2233860） gene polymorphisms were analysed, by the 5＇-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. For de- termination of intracellular content of EPX and ECP in granulocytes, 39 blood samples was collected and extracted with a buffer containing cetyltrimethylam- monium bromide. The intracellular content of EPX was analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent as- say. The intracellular content of ECP was analysed with the UniCAP system as described by the manufacturer. Statistical tests for calculations of results were χ2 test, Fisher＇s exact test, ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls test, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve with Log-rank test for trend, the probability values of P 〈 0.05 were considered statistically ***： The genotype frequency for males with UC and with an age of disease onset of ≥ 45 years （n = 57） was for ECP434 and ECP562, GG = 37%, GC = 60%, CC = 4% and GG = 51%, GC = 49%, CC = 0% respectively. This was significantly different from the healthy subject＇s genotype frequencies of ECP434 （GG = 57%, GC = 38%, CC = 5%; P = 0.010） and ECP562 （GG = 68%, GC = 29%,CC = 3%; P = 0.009）. The genotype frequencies for females, with an age of dis- ease onset of ≥ 45 years with CD （n = 62）, was for the ECP434 and ECP562 genotypes GG = 37%, GC =52%, CC = 11% and GG = 48%, GC = 47% and CC = 5% respectively. This was also statistically different from healthy controls for both ECP434 （P = 0.010） and ECP562 （P = 0.013）. The intracellular protein concen- tration of EPX and ECP was calculated in μg/10^6 eosi- nophils and then correlated to the EPX 405 genotypes

关键词： Eosinophil derived neurotoxin RNase 2 RNase 3 Single nucleotide polymorphism Inflamma-tion bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

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Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in 10 asymptomatic volunteers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6836-6842页

作者： Andreas G Schreyer Christian Paetzel Alois Fürst lena M Dendl Elisabeth Hutzel rené Müller-Wille Philipp Wiggermann Stephan Schleder Christian Stroszczynski Patrick Hoffstetter Department of Radiology University Medical Center Regensburg Department of Radiology Weiden Hospital Department of Surgery St. Josef Hospital

AIM: Evaluation of the wide range of normal findings in asymptomatic women undergoing dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) defecography. METHODS: MR defecography of 10 healthy female volunteers (median age: 31 years) without previous pregnancies or history of surgery were evaluated. The rectum was filled with 180 mL gadolinium ultrasound gel mixture. MR defecography was performed in the supine position. The pelvic floor was visualized with a dynamic T2-weighted sagittal plane where all relevant pelvic floor organs were acquired during defecation. The volunteers were instructed to relax and then to perform straining maneuvers to empty the rectum. The pubococcygeal line (PCGL) was used as the line of reference. The movement of pelvic floor organs was measured as the vertical distance to this reference line. Data were recorded in the resting position as well as during the defecation process with maximal straining. Examinations were performed and evaluated by two experienced abdominal radiologists without knowledge of patient history. RESULTS: Average position of the anorectal junction was located at -5.3 mm at rest and -29.9 mm during straining. The anorectal angle widened significantly from 93° at rest to 109° during defecation. A rectocele was diagnosed in eight out of 10 volunteers showing an average diameter of 25.9 mm. The bladder base was located at a position of +23 mm at rest and descended to -8.1 mm during defecation in relation to the PCGL. The bladder base moved below the PCGL in six out of 10 volunteers, which was formally defined as a cystocele. The uterocervical junction was located at an average level of +43.1 mm at rest and at +7.9 mm during straining. The uterocervical junction of three volunteers fell below the PCGL; described formally as uterocervical prolapse. CONCLUSION: Based on the range of standard values in asymptomatic volunteers, MR defecography values for pathological changes have to be re-evaluated.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Defecography Standard values

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A Survey of the History and Applications of American Ginseng(西洋参)

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2021年第1期4卷 12-18页

作者： Nisma lena Bahaji Azami Qun Yu Yun-Hui Shen Department of Pharmacology School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and *** discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and *** to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to *** a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ***,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected *** article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.

关键词： Ginseng Jean-Francois Lafitau Pierre Jartoux ren Shen(人参Radix Ginseng) the Qing dynasty Xi Yang Shen(西洋参Radix Panacis Quinquefolii)

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Tip-and Laser-based 3D Nanofabrication in Extended Macroscopic Working Areas

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 132-148页

作者： Ingo Ortlepp Thomas Frohlich Roland FuBl Johann Reger Christoph Schaffel Stefan Sinzinger Steffen Strehle reneTheska lena Zentner Jens-Peter Zollner Ivo WRangelow Carsten Reinhardt Tino Hausotte Xinrui Cao Oliver Dannberg Florian Fern David Fischer Stephan Gorges Martin Hofmann Johannes Kirchner Andreas Meister Taras Sasiuk Ralf Schienbein Shraddha Supreeti Laura Mohr-Weidenfeller Christoph Weise Christoph Reuter Jaqueline Stauffenberg Eberhard Manske Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universitat IlmenauEhrenbergstrasse 2998693 IlmenauGermany Control Engineering Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Optical Engineering Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Microsystems Technology Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Precision Engineering Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Compliant Systems Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Micro-and Nanoelectronic Systems Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Nanoscale Systems Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Division for Research Service and Technology Transfer Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Electronics Technology Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany IMMS Institut flir Mikroelektronik-und Mechatronik-Systeme Gemeinniitzige GmbH(IMMS GmbH) IlmenauGermany Fachgebiet Technische Physik City University of Applied SciencesBremenGermany Lehrstuhl fiir Fertigungsmesstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-U niversitat(FAU)Erlangen-NiirnbergGermany JUMO GmbH&Co.KG FuldaGermany Asphericon GmbH JenaGermany

The field of optical lithography is subject to intense research and has gained enormous ***,the effort necessary for creating structures at the size of 20 nm and below is considerable using conventional *** effort and the resulting financial requirements can only be tackled by few global companies and thus a paradigm change for the semiconductor industry is conceivable:custom design and solutions for specific applications will dominate future development(Fritze in:Panning EM,Liddle JA(eds)Novel patterning *** society for optics and ***,Bellingham,***://***/10.1117/12.2593229).For this reason,new aspects arise for future lithography,which is why enormous effort has been directed to the development of alternative fabrication ***,the technologies emerging from this process,which are promising for coping with the current resolution and accuracy challenges,are only demonstrated as a proof-of-concept on a lab scale of several square *** scale is not adequate for the requirements of modern lithography;therefore,there is the need for new and alternative cross-scale solutions to further advance the possibilities of unconventional *** challenges arise because of the technical progress in various other fields,realizing new and unique functionalities based on nanoscale effects,e.g.,in nanophotonics,quantum computing,energy harvesting,and life *** platforms for basic research in the field of scale-spanning nanomeasuring and nanofabrication are necessary for these tasks,which are available at the Technische Universitiit Ilmenau in the form of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring(NPM)*** this equipment,the limits of technical structurability are explored for high-performance tip-based and laser-based processes for enabling real 3D nanofabrication with the highest precision in an adequate working range of several thousand cubic millimete

关键词： Nanomeasuring Nanopositioning Nanomanufacturing Scale-spanning Tip-based Laser-based Nanofabrication

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自我的疏离与回归:《莱娜》对女性身份构建的思考

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东北大学学报（社会科学版） 2019年第5期21卷 539-544页

作者：时贵仁李晓涵辽宁大学外国语学院

马克思异化理论指出当人的本质外化为异己的他物时,人与其本质成为对象性的关系而异化了。在梅维斯·迦兰的《莱娜》中,男性话语对女性的边缘化使莱娜既无法从家庭获得情感上的慰藉,也无法从社会获得认同。否认“自我”的主体最终由外... 详细信息

马克思异化理论指出当人的本质外化为异己的他物时,人与其本质成为对象性的关系而异化了。在梅维斯·迦兰的《莱娜》中,男性话语对女性的边缘化使莱娜既无法从家庭获得情感上的慰藉,也无法从社会获得认同。否认“自我”的主体最终由外在的家庭与社会转化为个体本身,造成了“自我”的异化。因此,女性必须回归自我、完善自我,成为参与家庭与社会的主体,彰显自身的主体性价值,才能避免男性话语的异化,实现身份的构建。

关键词：《莱娜》自我疏离回归女性身份构建

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呼伦贝尔地区不同燕麦品种的营养价值及发酵品质评价研究

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草业学报 2020年第12期29卷 171-179页

作者：肖燕子徐丽君辛晓平乌仁其其格孙林姜超呼伦贝尔学院农林学院内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站北京100081 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院内蒙古呼和浩特010031

为筛选适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质青贮燕麦品种,采用随机区组设计方法,于2018年在中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站种植10个燕麦品种(贝勒、魅力、陇燕2号、陇燕3号、燕王、青海444、巴燕3号、林纳、白燕7... 详细信息

为筛选适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质青贮燕麦品种,采用随机区组设计方法,于2018年在中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站种植10个燕麦品种(贝勒、魅力、陇燕2号、陇燕3号、燕王、青海444、巴燕3号、林纳、白燕7号、青引1号)进行区域试验。于燕麦乳熟期刈割,切至2 cm后进行罐贮。60 d后开封取样,测定其营养指标和发酵指标。结果表明:陇燕2号干物质(DM)产量最高,为4905.45 kg·hm^-2,青引1号干物质产量最低,为1773.65 kg·hm^-2,品种间差异显著(P<0.05);10个燕麦品种青贮饲料的干物质含量在30.73%~45.47%,DM含量最高品种为陇燕2号,最低品种为巴燕3号,2个品种间有显著差异(P<0.05);林纳、贝勒和陇燕2号3个品种的粗蛋白含量分别为12.63%、12.46%和12.41%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。贝勒和林纳2个燕麦品种的酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,分别为25.11%和26.11%,显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。10个燕麦品种的可溶性糖含量为2.17%~4.33%,平均含量为3.39%,含量最高为贝勒,最低为燕王,2个品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同品种的发酵品质差异显著(P<0.05)。林纳的pH值最低,乳酸含量最高,为6.86%,丙酸、丁酸、氨态氮和总挥发性脂肪酸含量低,发酵品质较好。10个燕麦品种发酵品质的V-Score评分中陇燕3号、林纳、陇燕2号、青海444、魅力、青引1号、白燕7号和贝勒8个品种的分值在80以上,发酵品质为优。综合考虑产量、营养品质和青贮发酵品质,林纳适宜作为青贮燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区种植加工。

关键词：燕麦品种青贮产量品质

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俄罗斯三大煤盆地煤层气地质特征及开发条件分析

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资源与产业 2012年第1期14卷 86-91页

作者：吕玉民王红岩汤达祯刘洪林许浩刘人和陶树中国地质大学油气沉积地质教育部创新团队北京100083 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院河北廊坊065007

在调研的基础上,选择俄罗斯三大煤盆地(库兹涅茨克、通古斯、勒拿)为研究目标,重点分析这些煤盆地煤层气地质特征,归纳煤层气开发的有利及不利因素,进而初步确定俄罗斯煤层气开发有利区和开发远景区。研究表明:库兹涅茨克煤盆地煤层多... 详细信息

在调研的基础上,选择俄罗斯三大煤盆地(库兹涅茨克、通古斯、勒拿)为研究目标,重点分析这些煤盆地煤层气地质特征,归纳煤层气开发的有利及不利因素,进而初步确定俄罗斯煤层气开发有利区和开发远景区。研究表明:库兹涅茨克煤盆地煤层多、煤厚大、含气性好、煤层气资源大且丰度高,再加上自然环境、基础设施较好,是俄罗斯有利的煤层气开发区;通古斯、勒拿煤盆地煤层多、煤厚较大、含气性较好、煤层气资源大且丰度较高,但受自然环境、基础设施等条件的约束,目前仅作为俄罗斯煤层气开发远景选区。

关键词：俄罗斯煤层气库兹涅茨克通古斯勒拿

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