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Diel differences in blue whale(Balaenoptera musculus)dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 594-611页

作者： Francesco CARUSO leigh hickmott Joseph DWARREN Paolo SEGRE Gustavo CHIANG Paulina BAHAMONDE Sonia ESPAÑOL-JIMÉNEZ Songhai LI Alessandro BOCCONCELLI Marine Mammals and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)SanyaChina Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMassachusettsUSA Open Ocean Consulting HampshireUK Scottish Oceans Institute University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK Stony Brook University SouthamptonNew YorkUSA Hopkins Marine Station Stanford UniversityPacific GroveCaliforniaUSA Melimoyu Ecosystem Research Institute Santiago de ChileChile HUB Ambiental–Centro de Estudios Avanzado Universidad de Playa Ancha(UPLA)ValparaísoChile

The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus).From 2014 to 2019,during 6 separate research cruises,the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags(DTAGs),generating≈190 h of *** dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime(day:32.6±18.7 m;night:6.2±2.7 m;P<0.01).During the night,most time was spent close to the surface(86%±9.4%;P<0.01)and at depths of less than 12 *** 2016 to 2019,active acoustics(scientific echosounders)were used to record prey(euphausiids)density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving *** whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the *** association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also≈12 *** recent decades,northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship *** strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this *** reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.

关键词： bio-logging tags blue whale diving profile ocean conservation prey distribution

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