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Photoinduced Radical-Ionic Transfer of Various Chlorofluorocarbons to Alkenes from Oxime-Based Surrogates

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1222-1230页

作者： Jinghui Zhang Muliang Zhang martin Oestreich Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin10623 Berlin Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026

Functional-group-transfer strategies that avoid the use of unsustainable chemicals are attractive for the development of green ***(CFCs)not only contribute to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer,but their gaseous nature also poses a serious threat in scientific ***,the design of effective and sustainable alternatives to CFCs is highly ***,a practical CFC transfer platform for the addition of both a fluoroalkyl group and a chlorine substituent across alkenes by a photomediated redox-neutral manifold using bench-stable and easy-to-handle oxime-based surrogates is *** distinct reactivity of these tunable reagents allows for their single-electron reduction to trigger fragmentation driven by benzonitrile formation and loss of carbon *** other fragments released in that step,namely an electrophilic fluoroalkyl radical and a nucleophilic chloride anion,are subsequently transferred onto alkenes by a radical-ionic mechanism to deliver the desired chlorofluorocarbon products.

关键词： alkenes chlorofluorocarbons functionalgroup transfer radical-ionic crossover photoredox catalysis

Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1280-1286页

作者： Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto Jessica Audrey Daniel martin Simadibrata Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJakarta Pusat 10430DKI JakartaIndonesia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55905United States Nuffield Department of Population Health University of OxfordOxford OX37LFUnited Kingdom

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(***)for the rescue therapy against Helicobacter pylori(***),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric *** is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by *** to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the H+/K+-ATPase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the K+ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid *** with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for *** studies suggested that *** plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves *** eradication *** an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical ***,*** comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue ***,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

关键词： Vonoprazan Saccharomyces boulardii Helicobacter pylori Rescue therapy Eradication rate

Rice Husk at a Glance:From Agro-Industrial to Modern Applications

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 14-32页

作者： Masoumeh KORDI Naser FARROKHI martin I.PECH-CANUL Asadollah AHMADIKHAH Department of Cell&Molecular Biology Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran 1062 Metallurgical Industry Avenue Industrial Park Saltillo-Ramos ArizpeRamos ArizpeCoahuila 25900Mexico

Excessive waste production has led to the concept of a circular bioeconomy to deliver valuable by-products and improve environmental *** annual worldwide rice production accounts for more than 750 million tons of grain and 150 million tons of *** husk(RH)contains valuable biomaterials with extensive applications in various *** proportions of each component depend primarily on rice genotype,soil chemistry,and climatic *** and its derivatives,including ash,biochar,hydrochar,and activated carbon have been placed foreground of applications in agriculture and other *** the investigation on RH’s compositions,microstructures,and by-products has been done copiously,owing to its unique features,it is still an open-ended area with enormous scope for innovation,research,and ***,we reviewed the latest applications of RH and its derivatives,including fuel and other energy resources,construction materials,pharmacy,medicine,and nanobiotechnology to keep this versatile biomaterial in the spotlight.

关键词： circular bioeconomy rice husk activated carbon rice husk ash rice husk biochar rice husk hydrochar rice husk application

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Mapping the clinical practice of traditional,complementary and integrative medicine in oncology in Western countries:A multinational cross-sectional survey

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 64-71页

作者： Matthias Huemer Sandro Graca Sarah Bitsche Guenter Hofmann Mike Armour martin Pichler Palliative Care Unit Division of OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria Northern College of Acupuncture York YO16LJUnited Kingdom School of Health and Society Faculty of EducationHealth and WellbeingUniversity of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV11LYUnited Kingdom National Institute of Complementary Medicine Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW 2751Australia Translational Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityPenrith NSW 2751Australia Medical Research Institute of New Zealand Wellington 6021New Zealand Translational Oncology University Hospital of Augsburg86156 AugsburgGermany

Background Many cancer patients seek adjunctive therapies to biomedical cancer treatments at some point of their disease *** acupuncture is increasingly recommended by leading oncological associations,limited evidence exists concerning the evidence-informed practice and adherence to current guidelines of traditional complementary and integrative medicine(TCIM)practitioners treating cancer *** An international online-survey assessed the demographical data,clinical practice,and sources of information used by TCIM practitioners in Austria,Germany,United States of America,Australia,and New *** In total,404 respondents completed the survey,of which 254(62.9%)treated cancer *** practitioners were acupuncturists and herbalists(57.1%),had(16.8±9.9)years of clinical experience and see a median of 2(1,4)cancer patients per *** cancer(61.8%)is the most common cancer type seen in TCIM *** TCIM treatments are frequently concurrent with the patient’s cancer specific treatment(39.9%),which is also reflected by the main goal of a TCIM treatment to alleviate side effects(52.4%).However,only 28.0%of the respondents are in contact with the treating *** to the respondents,pain is most effectively treated using acupuncture,while herbal medicine is best for cancer-related *** practitioners mostly use certified courses(33.1%)or online databases(28.3%)but often believe that experts are more reliable to inform their practice(37.0%)than research publications(32.7%).Conclusion Acupuncturists and herbalists commonly treat cancer *** practitioners use TCIM as an adjunct to biomedicine as supportive care and use it largely in accordance with current oncological guidelines.

关键词： Integrative medicine Acupuncture Oncology Evidence-informed practice International survey

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Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 376-386页

作者： Shimin Liu Yanyan Yang Hailing Luo Wenjie Pang Graeme B.martin The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Institute of Animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University Resonance Health Burswood

In markets for beef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF) is highly desirable for meat-eating quality, but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this problem, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, subcutaneous fat(SCF) and visceral fat(VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasible. With genetic strategies, several problems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations between IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently,selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also be grea

关键词： Fat depot Fat partition Intramuscular fat Feed efficiency Bovine Ovine

Convective drying of wood chips:Accelerating coupled DEM-CFD simulations with parametrized reduced single particle models

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 158-167页

作者： Lucas Reineking Jonas Fischer Ali Mjalled Enric Illana Siegmar Wirtz Viktor Scherer martin Monnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr-Universität-BochumUniversitätstraße 150Bochum44801Germany Energy Plant Technology Ruhr-Universität-BochumUniversitätstraße 150Bochum44801Germany

The simulation of industry-scale reactive bulks is challenging due to the complex interaction between fluid and *** particles in the bulk and their interaction with the fluid flow can be described by combined Discrete Element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics(DEM-CFD)***,the computational cost of the Finite Volume(FV)methods deployed in these models can become prohibi-tively expensive,especially for high inner-particle *** particle Reduced Models(RMs)can be used to achieve both fast and accurate descriptions of the processes in each *** an example of bulk systems comprising heat and mass transfer,we compared FV and RM simulations for the drying of wood chips in a bulk reactor.A manifold-based nonlinear interpolation was applied to resolve changing boundary conditions for the *** simulations showed that RMs provide accurate values for the thermodynamic state variables of the ***,the time required for the bulk simulation was reduced by 67%with the *** is evident that simulations with high inner-particle resolution can be accelerated by RMs if manifold-based nonlinear interpolation is used to address changing boundary conditions.

关键词： Reduced model Reactive bulk Discrete element method Manifold-based interpolation Drying of porous mediaDEM-CFD

NeuroPNM:Model reduction of pore network models using neural networks

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 239-251页

作者： Robert Jendersie Ali Mjalled Xiang Lu Lucas Reineking Abdolreza Kharaghani martin Monnigmann Christian Lessig Otto-von-Guericke-Universitat Magdeburg Universitatsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Germany Ruhr-Universitat-Bochum Universitatstraβe 150Bochum44801Germany

Reacting particle systems play an important role in many industrial applications,for example biomass drying or the manufacturing of *** numerical modeling and simulation of such systems is therefore of great importance for an efficient,reliable,and environmentally sustainable operation of the *** complex thermodynamical,chemical,and flow processes that take place in the particles are a particular challenge in a ***,typically a large number of particles is involved,rendering an explicit treatment of individual ones impossible in a reactor-level *** approach for overcoming this challenge is to compute effective,physical parameters from single-particle,high-resolution *** can be combined with model reduction methods if the dynamical behaviour of particles must be *** network models with their unrivaled resolution have thereby been used successfully as high-resolution models,for instance to obtain the macroscopic diffusion coeffcient of *** parameter identification and model reduction have recently gained new impetus by the dramatic progress made in machine learning in the last *** report results on the use of neural networks for parameter identification and model reduction based on three-dimensional pore network models(PNM).We believe that our results provide a powerful complement to existing methodologies for reactor-level simulations with many thermally-thick particles.

关键词： Porenetwork models Neural networks Parameter estimation Reduced order model

Porphyrinic Acceptors forFullerene-Free MolecularPhotovoltaics

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 276-296页

作者： Jorge Labella Juan Laforga-martin Tomás Torres Department of Organic Chemistry Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid28049 Madrid Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences Universidad Aut´onoma de MadridMadrid IMDEA—Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

Over the past few years,the development of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has become a prominent focus in both organic and perovskite solar cell(OSCs and PSCs,respectively)research *** this context,porphyrinoids,compounds structurally related to porphyrins,have emerged as promising solar cell *** contrast to the widely used fullerene acceptors,porphyrinoids exhibit strong,broad absorption properties across the UV–vis/NIR spectrum,which can be easily tuned through chemical ***,they can be prepared and derivatized using cost-effective and straightforward methodologies,allowing for convenient adjustments in thin-film morphology,processability,supramolecular organization,and energy ***,these compounds offer higher thermal and photochemical stability,resulting in longer device lifetimes compared to their fullerene-based *** this review,we outline the utilization of porphyrinoids as NFAs in OSCs and PSCs,discussing essential aspects such as design guidelines,molecular properties,and device *** goal is to inspire and further promote the development of n-type porphyrinoids,which have not yet fully unleashed their potential.

关键词： fullerene-free molecular photovoltaics nonfullerene acceptors porphyrinic acceptors n-type porphyrinoids organic and perovskite solar cells

CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak martin Hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies GmbH Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

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