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Evolution and control of inclusions of Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon steel during the steelmaking process

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 585-590页

作者： Wenjun Ma Bin chen Haibo Li Lixia Hao jianguan chen Yi jia Daozheng Liu Shougang Research Institute of Technology Room 1107No.69Yangzhuang RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing100043China Beijing Shougang co. ltdRoom 606Yang DianZi Town Riverside VillageQian'an064404China

This article investigates the evolution and control of inclusions in the smelting process of titanium containing ultra-low carbon *** industrial experiments,the influence of oxygen content before aluminum addition on inclusions in ultra-low carbon IF steel was explored,and the evolution process of inclusions was *** microstructure of different types of inclusions was observed using three-dimensional analysis *** has found that the oxygen content before aluminum addition has no significant effect on the final oxygen ***,under low aluminum and low oxygen conditions,the size of inclusions formed is small and difficult to float and *** if the cycle time is extended,the AF index of inclusions remains at a high *** three-dimensional morphology analysis of inclusions,it was found that alumina formed under high aluminum and high oxygen conditions is very dense,while inclusions are relatively loose under low aluminum and low oxygen *** addition,through the analysis of aluminum oxygen supersaturation before the formation of aluminum oxide inclusions,it was found that due to the low oxygen content,the nucleation rate of aluminum oxide in the early stage of inclusion formation is relatively low,and the inclusions grow along the trajectory of oxygen,ultimately forming polycrystalline aluminum oxide *** article also observed for the first time the initial three-dimensional morphology of Al Ti inclusions,providing a theoretical basis for further optimizing smelting processes and controlling inclusions.

关键词： Inclusions Ultra-low carbon steel Steelmaking process Morphology of Al_(2)O_(3) TiO_(x)complex oxide Al_(2)O_(3)cluster

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Tensile strength behavior of cement-stabilized dredged sediment reinforced by polypropylene fiber

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 380-392页

作者： lei LANG jiangshan LI Xin chen Lijun HAN Ping WANG State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering Wuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

This study evaluated the feasibility of using polypropylene fiber(PF)as reinforcement in improving tensile strength behavior of cement-stabilized dredged sediment(CDS).The effects of cement content,water content,PF content and length on the tensile strength and stress–strain behavioral evolutions were evaluated by conducting splitting tensile strength ***,the micro-mechanisms characterizing the tensile strength behavior inside PF-reinforced CDS(CPFDS)were clarified via analyzing macro failure and microstructure *** results indicate that the highest tensile strengths of 7,28,60,and 90 d CPFDS were reached at PF contents of 0.6%,1.0%,1.0%,and 1.0%,exhibiting values 5.96%,65.16%,34.10%,and 35.83%higher than those of CDS,***,3 mm,PF of showed the best reinforcement *** CPFDS exhibited obvious tensile strain-hardening characteristic,and also had better ductility than *** mix factor(C_(C)^(a)/C_(w)^(b))and time parameter(q_(t0)(t))of CDS,and the reinforcement index(k_(t-PF))of CPFDS were used to establish the tensile strength prediction models of CDS and CPFDS,considering multiple *** PF“bridge effect”and associated cementation-reinforcement coupling actions inside CPFDS were mainly responsible for tensile strength behavior *** key findings contribute to the use of CPFDS as recycled engineering soils.

关键词： dredged sediment chemical stabilization fiber reinforcement splitting tensile strength micro-mechanisms

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Influence of Film Thickness on Nanofabrication of Graphene Oxide

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第2期7卷 13-25页

作者： Chuan Tang lei chen Linmao Qian Tribology Research Institute The State Key Laboratory of Rail Vehicle SystemSchool of Mechanical EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Nanofabrication of two-dimensional materials through mechanical machining is normally influenced by not only process parameters such as load and velocity but also intrinsic properties such as strength and ***,we examined the effects of graphene oxide(GO)film thickness on nanofabrication on the plane surfaces and at the step edges using scanning probe microscope *** material removal of GO initiates at the load above a critical value,which strongly depends on film thickness and *** the increase in film thickness,the critical load decreases monotonically on the plane surfaces but increases gradually at the step ***,the critical load for the GO monolayer at the step edges is at least 25 times lower than that on the plane surfaces,and the gap decreases to around 3 times when GO thickness increases to four ***,mechanical nanofabrication initiating from the GO step edge allows producing various nanopatterns under extremely low loads around 1 ***,the GO nanostructures are deoxidized by annealing at 800°C in high-purity argon to restore their highly functionalized conjugated structures,which are supported by X-ray diffraction and Raman *** work provides a novel approach to fabricating graphene-like nanostructures by deoxidizing GO after nanofabrication,which holds significant potential for applications in graphene-based devices.

关键词： Graphene oxide Nanofabrication Film thickness step edge Nanopattern Deoxidized treatment

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Enhancing Green Ammonia Electrosynthesis Through Tuning Sn Vacancies in Sn‑Based MXene/ MAX Hybrids

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 154-168页

作者： Xinyu Dai Zhen‑Yi Du Ying Sun Ping chen Xiaoguang Duan Junjun Zhang Hui Li Yang Fu Baohua jia lei Zhang Wenhui Fang Jieshan Qiu Tianyi Ma Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province College of ChemistryInstitute of Clean Energy ChemistryLiaoning UniversityShenyang 110036People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601People’s Republic of China School of Chemical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia State Key Laboratory of High‑Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNingxia UniversityYinchuan 750021NingxiaPeople’s Republic of China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia ***,relevant out-lab research is still in its ***,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 *** to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long ***,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed *** as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic *** work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis N2 electroreduction Renewable energy Sn MXene/MAX hybrid

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Megafossils of Betulaceae from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin and their paleoenvironmental and phytogeographic implications

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 101-115页

作者： Tao Yang jia-Hao Cai Yan-Zhi Dai Hong-Yu chen lei Han Li Zhang Wei-Yu Liang Xu-Jun Li Wen-jia Li Jing-Yu Wu San-Ping Xie De-Fei Yan School of Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China(Gansu Province) Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Center for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environments School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Understanding the paleoenvironment and phytogeographical history of the Tibetan Plateau,China relies on discovering new plant *** Qaidam Basin has long been regarded as an ideal‘field laboratory’to investigate the paleoclimate and paleobiological evolution of the northern Tibetan ***,fossil angiosperms from the Qaidam Basin are rare,and our knowledge of its paleovegetation is ***,we report fossil leaves and fruits of Betulaceae found from the Oligocene Shangganchaigou Formation of northwestern Qaidam Basin(Huatugou area).Comparative morphological analysis led us to assign the fruits to the Betula subgenus Betula and the leaves to Carpinus *** findings,together with other reported fossil plants from the same locality,reveal a close floristic linkage between the Qaidam Basin and Europe during the *** northern pathway of this floristic exchange may have crossed through the Qaidam Basin during the late *** floristic linkage may have been facilitated by the continuous narrowing of the Turgai Strait and stronger westerlies,which transported moisture and provided favorable climatic ***,fossil plants collected from the Qaidam Basin suggest that during the Oligocene this region had warm and humid deciduous broad-leaf forest,which differs from the region’s modern vegetation and indicates that the Qaidam Basin may have been a suitable region for these plants to flourish and spread during the Oligocene.

关键词： Paleoenvironment Biogeography Betulaceous fossil Qaidam basin Tibetan Plateau Oligocene

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Towards the universal defense for query-based audio adversarial attacks on speech recognition system

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Cybersecurity 2024年第1期7卷 53-70页

作者： Feng Guo Zheng Sun Yuxuan chen lei Ju School of Cyber Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdaoChina Quancheng Laboratory QCLJinanChina

Recently,studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition(ASR)systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples(AEs),which add a small amount of noise to the original audio *** AE attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns about deploying ASR systems and *** existing defense methods are either limited in application or only defend on results,but not on *** this work,we propose a novel method to infer the adversary intent and discover audio adversarial examples based on the AEs generation *** insight of this method is based on the observation:many existing audio AE attacks utilize query-based methods,which means the adversary must send continuous and similar queries to target ASR models during the audio AE generation *** by this observation,We propose a memory mechanism by adopting audio fingerprint technology to analyze the similarity of the current query with a certain length of memory ***,we can identify when a sequence of queries appears to be suspectable to generate audio *** extensive evaluation on four state-of-the-art audio AE attacks,we demonstrate that on average our defense identify the adversary’s intent with over 90%*** careful regard for robustness evaluations,we also analyze our proposed defense and its strength to withstand two adaptive ***,our scheme is available out-of-the-box and directly compatible with any ensemble of ASR defense models to uncover audio AE attacks effectively without model retraining.

关键词： Adversarial attacks Defense Memory mechanism Query-based

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Advancing mid-infrared microdisk laser emission with Tm:YAG

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 91-96页

作者： Zhaocong Wang Huiqi Li lei Wang Yang Tan Feng chen School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Mid-infrared microcavity lasers have important applications in biosensing,mid-infrared spectroscopy,and environmental ***,the low output power of existing mid-infrared microcavity lasers hinders their practical *** drawback is attributed to the insufficient laser gain medium,which limits the development of mid-infrared whispering-gallerymode(WGM)*** address this issue,we have employed ion implantation-enhanced etching to fabricate Tm:YAG thin films as effective gain media for mid-infrared WGM *** Tm:YAG thin film,with a thickness of 2μm,exhibits excellent fluorescence ***,the Tm:YAG thin film is processed using focused ion beam to form microdisks with a diameter of 30μ*** 785 nm laser pumping,the maximum output power of the Tm:YAG microdisk at 2023.1 nm is229μW,with a slope efficiency of 2.9%.This work demonstrates the outstanding potential of Tm:YAG as a mid-infrared laser gain medium,providing a new option for the development of mid-infrared lasers.

关键词： microdisk microlaser ultrathin film

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A Fast Insertion Tabu Search with Conflict-Avoidance Heuristic for the Multisatellite Multimode Crosslink Scheduling Problem

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 843-862页

作者： Weiyi Yang lei He Xiaolu Liu Weican Meng Yingwu chen College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410000China Beijing Institude of Tranking and Telecommunication Technology Beijing 100000China

An agile earth-observing satellite equipped with multimode cameras capable of transmitting observation data to other satellites is developed to rapidly respond to requests with multiple observation *** gives rise to the Multisatellite Multimode Crosslink Scheduling(MMCS)problem,which involves allocating observation requests to agile satellites,selecting appropriate timing and observation modes for the requests,and transmitting the data to the ground station via the satellite communication ***,a mixed integer programming model is introduced to include all complex time and operation *** solve the MMCS problem,a two-stage heuristic method,called Fast insertion Tabu Search with Conflict-avoidance(FTS-C)heuristic,is *** the first stage,a conflict-avoidance insertion algorithm is designed to generate a high-quality initial solution by considering the requests transmission and ***,the tabu search-based second stage optimizes the initial ***,an extensive empirical study based on a real-world situation demonstrates that FTS-C can generate a solution with higher quality in less time than other state-of-the-art algorithms and the CPLEX solver.

关键词： earth observation satellites scheduling tabu search heuristic data transmission and download mixedinteger programming model

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Electricity-Heat-Based Integrated Demand Response Considering Double Auction Energy Market with Multi-Energy Storage for Interconnected Areas

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1688-1700页

作者： Dan Wang Deyu Huang Qing'e Hu Hongjie jia Bo Liu Yang lei Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Smart Energy&Information Technology of Tianjin Municipality Tianjin 30072China

With development of integrated energy systems and energy markets,transactive energy has received increasing attention from society and academia,and realization of energy distribution and integrated demand response through market transactions has become a current research *** on optimized operation of a distributed energy station as a regional energy supply center is of great significance for improving flexibility and reliability of the *** on retail-side energy trading market,this study first establishes a framework of combined electric and heating energy markets and analyses a double auction market mechanism model of interconnected distributed energy *** study establishes a mechanism model of energy market participants,and establishes the electric heating combined market-clearing model to maximize global surplus considering multi-energy ***,in the case study,a typical user energy consumption scenario in winter is selected,showing market-clearing results and demand response effects on a typical *** of transmission line constraints,energy supply equipment capacity,and other factors on clearing results and global surplus are compared and analyzed,verifying the effects of the proposed method on improving global surplus,enhancing interests of market participants and realizing coordination and optimal allocation of both supply and demand resources through energy complementarity between regions.

关键词： Double auction energy market integrated energy system interconnected energy stations multi-energy storage

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Quantitative Analysis of Frosting Characteristics on the Drip Tray of A Cryogenic Valve for LNG Ships

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第4期38卷 572-585页

作者： BAI Xu chen Guan-yu DU Yue XU Cao chen jia-jing School of Naval Architecture&Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

Cryogenic valves play a crucial role in the production and transportation of liquefied natural gas(LNG),and are primarily responsible for efficiently controlling the inflow and outflow of LNG and regulating ***,due to their operation in low-temperature and high-humidity environments,crucial components such as drip trays are susceptible to frosting,which may lead to LNG leakage,thereby causing severe safety *** this study,the user-defined function(UDF)is employed to redevelop Fluent,which integrates the frost growth model with the Eulerian multiphase flow model,to conduct a quantitative analysis of frosting on drip trays of cryogenic *** effects of environmental parameters,such as wind speed,ambient temperature,air humidity,and cold surface temperature on the growth of the frost layer were *** study reveals a limiting wind speed between 1 m/s and 2 m/*** reaching this limit speed,the growth of the frost layer reaches its maximum,and further increases in the wind speed have no significant effect on the growth of the frost ***,the influence of the change in the flow field on droplet impingement and freezing during the growth of the frost layer is considered through the coupling method of the kinematic characteristics of water droplets and the collection coefficient of water *** study identifies the influence of different parameters on the droplet impact efficiency,leading to the modification of the frost layer on the drip tray.

关键词： LNG carrier drip tray frost effective impact coefficient

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