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Reduction of unactivated alkyl chlorides enabled by light-induced single electron transfer

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 471-481页

作者： lei Dai zhao-Fei Zhang Xiang-Yu Chen School of Chemical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology ParkBinzhou256606China

Alkyl chlorides are abundant and easily accessible starting ***,due to the high reduction potentials associated with unactivated alkyl chlorides,achieving their single electron reduction remains a persistent *** challenge has spurred the exploration of efficient activation methods to overcome this *** recent years,photocatalysis has emerged as a mild and potent tool for the single electron reduction of unactivated alkyl chlorides,opening up new possibilities in this *** the rapid advancements in this area,a comprehensive review that provides a conceptual understanding of this emerging field,with a specific focus on reaction design and catalytic mechanisms,would be timely and highly ***,we present an overview of various synthetic techniques for photoinduced single electron reduction of unactivated alkyl ***,we also discuss the limitations of the present methods and future directions that lie ahead in this field.

关键词： photocatalysis unactivated alkyl chlorides single electron transfer radical reactions

Balancing electron transfer and intermediate adsorption ability of metallic Ni-Fe-RE-P bifunctional catalysts via 4f-2p-3d electron interaction for enhanced water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 458-465页

作者： hong-Rui zhao Cheng-Zong Yuan Chenliang Zhou Wenkai zhao Lunliang Zhang Cong-Hui Li lei Xin Fuling Wu Shufeng Ye Xiaomeng Zhang Yunfa Chen School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Jiangxi Province Research Institute of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341119JiangxiChina State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Balancing electron transfer and intermediate adsorption ability of bifunctional catalysts via tailoring electronic structures is crucial for green hydrogen production,while it still remains challenging due to lacking efficient ***,one efficient and universal strategy is developed to greatly regulate electronic structures of the metallic Ni-Fe-P catalysts via in-situ introducing the rare earth(RE)atoms(Ni-Fe-RE-P,RE=La,Ce,Pr,and Nd).Accordingly,the as-prepared optimal Ni-Fe-Ce-P/CC self-supported bifunctional electrodes exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability with the low overpotentials of 247 and 331 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2) for HER and OER,*** the assembled electrolyzer,the Ni-Fe-Ce-P/CC as bifunctional electrodes displayed low operation potential of 1.49 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),and the catalytic performance can be maintained for 100 *** results combined with density functional theory(DFT)calculation reveal that Ce doping leads to electron decentralization and crystal structure distortion,which can tailor the band structures and d-band center of Ni-Fe-P,further increasing conductivity and optimizing intermediate adsorption *** work not only proposes a valuable strategy to regulate the electron transfer and intermediate adsorption of electrocatalysts via RE atoms doping,but also provides a deep under-standing of regulation mechanism of metallic electrocatalysts for enhanced water splitting.

关键词： RE atoms Electron transfer Adsorption energy Oxygen evolution Hydrogen evolution

The Electrical Properties and Snow Melting of Graphite Slurry Infiltrated Steel Fiber Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2010年第4期25卷 609-612页

作者：洪雷 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology

The conductivity property of graphite slurry infiltrated steel fiber concrete （GSIFCON） was investigated by the four-probe method. The experimental results show that the electrical resistivity of GSIFCON decreases significantly at a specific concentration of graphite, i e, the percolation concentration. A model was accordingly developed to explain its conductive mechanism, where graphite particles could be served as bridge for conductive network between unconnected fiber chains. For an application, snow melting test of GSIFCON was carried out and a simple heating power analysis was performed. The results reveal that the thermal energy produced by GSIFCON makes snow melting effectively and the electrothermal efficiency can reach approximately 20%.

关键词： GSIFCON graphite electrical resistivity snow melting test

Tracking lithiation with transmission electron microscopy

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 291-311页

作者： Xincheng lei Jianxiong zhao Jiayi Wang Dong Su Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics&International Academy of Optoelectronics at zhaoqing South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Li-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated energy-storage techniques for portable electronic devices and electric cars,and are expanding their territory into the large-scale energy *** energy storage of LIBs is realized by the reversible shuttle of lithium ions between *** is essential to track the lithium diffusion and obtain a profound insight into the lithiation mechanism during the work cycle of *** electron microscopy(TEM)is a powerful tool for the structural characterization,which can provide the information about the lithiation at the atomic *** this review,we summarize the research frontiers of TEM applications on *** introduce the techniques for the direct observation of Li species in LIB-related ***,the application of cryo-TEM is ***,in-situ TEM technique is further discussed since it shows great advantages in studying the dynamical structure changes of *** perspectives and strategies in this review offer feasible guidance for researchers to further improve the performance of LIBs.

关键词： lithium-ion battery electrode materials transmission electron microscopy cryo-TEM in-situ TEM

Current understanding of ELF4 deficiency:a novel inborn error of immunity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 444-450页

作者： hong-Qiang Du Xiao-Dong zhao Department of Rheumatology&Immunology National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersChongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityChildren’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityZhongshan Er Road 136Yuzhong DistrictChongqingChina

Background ELF4 deficiency has been recently recognized as a novel disorder within the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity(IEIs),specifically categorized as a“disease of immune dysregulation.”Cases of this condition,reported by our team and others,are very limited *** such,our current knowledge of this new disease remains *** review aims to provide a brief overview of the clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,and treatment strategies for this novel *** sources A comprehensive review was conducted after an extensive literature search in the PubMed/Medline database and websites concerning transcriptional factor ELF4 and reports concerning patients with ELF4 *** search strategy was“ELF4 OR ETS-related transcription factor Elf-4 OR EL4-like factor 4 OR myeloid Elf-1-like factor”as of the time of manuscript *** The current signature manifestations of ELF4 deficiency disorder are recurrent and prolonged oral ulcer,abdominal pain,and diarrhea in pediatric *** some cases,immunodeficiency and autoimmunity can also be *** Sanger sequencing or whole exome sequencing can be used to detect variation in ELF4 *** blotting for ELF4 expression of the patient’s cells can confirm the pathogenic effect of the *** fully confirm the pathogenicity of the variant,further functional test is strongly *** and biologics are the mainstream management of ELF4 deficiency *** Pediatric males presenting with recurring ulcerations in digestive tract epithelium with or without recurrent fever should be suspected of *** atypical presentations are prominent,variations in ELF4 gene should be carefully evaluated functionally due to the complex nature of ELF4 *** of treating DEX includes use of glucocorticoid and biologics and more precise treatment needs more patients to identify and further mechanistic study.

关键词： ELF4 transcription factor Immune dysregulation Inborn errors of immunity Mechanism Recurrent infections

A Denoiser for Correlated Noise Channel Decoding: Gated-Neural Network

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 122-128页

作者： Xiao Li Ling zhao Zhen Dai Yonggang lei School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology BITTT

This letter proposes a sliced-gated-convolutional neural network with belief propagation(SGCNN-BP) architecture for decoding long codes under correlated noise. The basic idea of SGCNNBP is using Neural Networks(NN) to transform the correlated noise into white noise, setting up the optimal condition for a standard BP decoder that takes the output from the NN. A gate-controlled neuron is used to regulate information flow and an optional operation—slicing is adopted to reduce parameters and lower training complexity. Simulation results show that SGCNN-BP has much better performance(with the largest gap being 5dB improvement) than a single BP decoder and achieves a nearly 1dB improvement compared to Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN).

关键词： belief propagation channel decoding correlated noise neural network

Photocatalytic synthesis of small-molecule drugs by porous framework materials

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 52-65页

作者： Yingying zhao Jiangpei Yuan lei Zhu Yu Fang State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Innovation Institute of Industrial Design and Machine Intelligence Quanzhou-Hunan University Quanzhou 362801China

Small-molecule drugs are widely used in daily *** are still issues with the current industrial synthesis techniques for small-molecule drugs,such as the use of expensive metal catalysts,convoluted reaction processes,and non-recyclable *** benefits of photocatalytic organic synthesis over conventional techniques are mild conditions,environmental friendliness,and great *** framework materials can precisely modulate catalytic sites'electronic state and ligand structure to improve photocatalytic *** particular,MOFs,COFs and PCCs based photocatalysts have received extensive research interest due to their unique morphology,structural adjustability,high photocatalytic performance,unique recyclability,excellent chemical stability,easy synthesis and low ***,a key area for future research is the development of porous framework materials as photocatalysts for the synthesis of small-molecule drugs or drug precursors.

关键词： Small-molecule drug Porous framework materials Photocatalysis

Targeting CD47-SIRPα axis for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma immunotherapy

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 205-217页

作者： Pengcheng zhao Longyan Xie lei Yu Ping Wang School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of TechnologyZiboShandong 255000China Tongji University Cancer Center Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The interaction between cluster of differentiation 47(CD47)and signal regulatory proteinα(SiRPa)protects healthy cells from macrophage attack,which is crucial for maintain-ing immune *** of CD47 occurs widely across various tumor cell types and transmits the"don't eat me"signal to macrophages to avoid phagocytosis through binding to *** of the CD47-SIRPa axis is therefore a promising approach for cancer *** is the most common hematological malignancy and is an area of unmet clin-ical *** review mainly described the current strategies targeting the CD47-SIRPa axis,including antibodies,SiRPaFc fusion proteins,small molecule inhibitors,and peptides both in preclinical studies and clinical trials with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

关键词： Cancer treatment CD47-SIRPαaxis Hodgkin lymphoma Immunotherapy Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Characteristics of a pre-combustion plasma jet igniter

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第7期37卷 178-189页

作者： Jinlu YU Baowen ZHANG Yang YU Bingbing zhao lei ZHANG Aviation Engineering School Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710038China Equipment Management and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Engineering School Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710038China

Plasma ignition technology has delivered good performance in the aerospace industry. In this study, a pre-combustion plasma jet igniter was designed, and its characteristics were examined from three aspects: the morphology, temperature, and discharge characteristics and process of ignition. Images of the OH distribution were obtained by using an OH Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence(OH-PLIF) experimental system. Results have shown that the proposed plasma jet had a higher OH concentration, longer length, and larger area than those of a traditional igniter. The stability of discharge of the igniter was improved as the equivalence ratio φ was increased, and reducing gas flow reduced the pulsation of the plasma jet. When the input current was increased from 15A to 35 A, the highest average temperature increased from 5127 K to 7987 K. An increase in the equivalence ratio reduced the region of arc ionization, but expanded the regions of the core combustion reaction and the outer flame. Herein, this study has obtained a deep understanding of the jet and ignition law and developed a new idea for the application of plasma in the ignition field.A pre-combustion plasma jet igniter can significantly improve the efficiency of ignition and shorten the ignition process compared with a traditional igniter.

关键词： Pre-combustion plasma igniter Plasma Jet temperature field Ignition process Arc Flame