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Resolving the geometric structure of trastuzumab by mobility capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry

Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 221-225页

作者： Wenjing Zhang Jie hong lei Yang Zuqiang Xu Yu xiang Wei Xu School of Life Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Available online Immunoglobulins G(IgGs)are Y-shaped globular proteins,however,their high flexibility and heterogeneity pose great challenges to their structure and conformation *** structure of IgG closely correlates to its biofunctions,such as the antibody escape of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)could attribute to the distance mismatch between the ends of two Fab arms(antigen-binding sites)and envelope glycoprotein spikes on virion ***,we report the first use of mobility capillary electrophoresis(MCE)and native mass spectrometry(nMS)to resolve the internal geometric structure and conformation of an IgG(trastuzumab)in solution *** proteolysis,the ellipsoid dimensions of IgG and its subunits were measured by MCE-nMS *** was then reconstructed,in which the sizes and relative positions of these three subunits in three-dimensional space were *** was found that the two Fab arms have an angle of~102.1°and a distance of~11.0 nm between the two antigen-binding sites under native condition,and the Fc arm was tilted~16.0°towards one of the Fab *** was not on the plane of Fab-Fab,but has an angle of no larger than 103.1°.Under acidic environment(pH 3.0),each subunit of the IgG would unfold into larger dimensions,and the angles between these subunits also *** great potential for tumor imaging and therapy,the structure of F(ab')_(2)fragments was also measured and validated by molecular dynamic *** was found that the electrostatic force among these three subunits and steric hindrance stemming from Fc help maintaining the angle between two Fab arms.

关键词： Native mass spectrometry Mobility capillary electrophoresis Trastuzumab Protein structure Geometric structure

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Reduction of unactivated alkyl chlorides enabled by light-induced single electron transfer

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 471-481页

作者： lei Dai Zhao-Fei Zhang xiang-Yu Chen School of Chemical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology ParkBinzhou256606China

Alkyl chlorides are abundant and easily accessible starting ***,due to the high reduction potentials associated with unactivated alkyl chlorides,achieving their single electron reduction remains a persistent *** challenge has spurred the exploration of efficient activation methods to overcome this *** recent years,photocatalysis has emerged as a mild and potent tool for the single electron reduction of unactivated alkyl chlorides,opening up new possibilities in this *** the rapid advancements in this area,a comprehensive review that provides a conceptual understanding of this emerging field,with a specific focus on reaction design and catalytic mechanisms,would be timely and highly ***,we present an overview of various synthetic techniques for photoinduced single electron reduction of unactivated alkyl ***,we also discuss the limitations of the present methods and future directions that lie ahead in this field.

关键词： photocatalysis unactivated alkyl chlorides single electron transfer radical reactions

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Feature-Grounded Single-Stage Text-to-Image Generation

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 469-480页

作者： Yuan Zhou Peng Wang lei xiang Haofeng Zhang School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Recently,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become the mainstream text-to-image(T2I)***,a standard normal distribution noise of inputs cannot provide sufficient information to synthesize an image that approaches the ground-truth image ***,the multistage generation strategy results in complex T2I ***,this study proposes a novel feature-grounded single-stage T2I model,which considers the“real”distribution learned from training images as one input and introduces a worst-case-optimized similarity measure into the loss function to enhance the model's generation *** results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed model in terms of the Frechet inception distance and inception score compared to those of some classical and state-of-the-art models,showing the improved similarities among the generated image,text,and ground truth.

关键词： text-to-image(T2I) feature-grounded single-stage generation Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)

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Reynolds-number scaling analysis on lift generation of a flapping and passive rotating wing with an inhomogeneous mass distribution

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 259-269页

作者： Suyang QIN Haotian HANG Yang xiang hong LIU J.C.Wu center for aerodynamics school of aeronautics and astronauticsshanghai jiao tong universityshanghai 200240china

Insects usually fly by passively rotating wings,which has been applied to the design of flapping-wing Micro-Air Vehicles(MAVs)to reduce mechanical *** this paper,a robotic passive rotating-wing model is designed to investigate wing kinematics and lift generation,which are measured by a high-speed camera and a force transducer,*** addition,flow fields are measured using the Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).Experimental results demonstrate that passive rotating motion has a coordinative relationship with actively stroking *** the stroke amplitude or frequency increases,the rotating amplitude is *** characterize the active stroking motion,a driving Reynolds number Redrivingis defined,which varies from 68 to 366 in this *** the gravity center of the wing towards trailing ed ge induces the increase of additional torque M,which decreases the wing rotating amplitude and promotes the advance of wing *** find that the timing of wing rotation is gradually delayed and the mean lift coefficient C^(-)_(L)monotonously decreases as *** increasing the additional torque M,C^(-)_(L)is slightly improved and approaches to the lift coefficient of a real fruit fly at driving Re approximately equal to *** instantaneous lifts combined with the vortical structures further demonstrate that the lift generation associated with wing rotation is mainly attributed to the growth of the LeadingEdge Vortex(LEV)and the passive wake capture *** wake capture is influenced by LEV,reversal stroke motion and wing additional torque together,which can only maintain the lift at a high level for a considerable *** high-lift generation mechanisms of flapping and passive rotating flight could shed light on the simplified design of MAVs and the improvement of their aerodynamic performance.

关键词： Flapping flight Unsteady lift Passive rotation Vortex flow Leading-edge vortex

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Bioinspired nanotransducers for neuromodulation

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 618-632页

作者： Fan Yang xiang Wu Sa Cai Guosong hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Science Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China

The field of neuromodulation has experienced significant advancements in the past decade,owing to breakthroughs in disciplines such as materials science,genetics,bioengineering,photonics,and *** convergence of these fields has resulted in the development of nanotransducers,devices that harness the synergies of these diverse *** nanotransducers,essential for neuromodulation,often draw inspiration from energy conversion processes found in nature for their unique *** this review,we will delve into the latest advancements in wireless neuromodulation facilitated by optical,magnetic,and mechanical *** will examine their working principles,properties,advantages,and limitations in comparison to current methods for deep brain neuromodulation,highlighting the impact of natural systems on their design and ***,we will underscore potential future directions,emphasizing how continued progress in materials science,neuroscience,and bioengineering might expand the horizons of what is achievable with nanotransducer-enabled neuromodulation.

关键词： bioinspired synthesis neuromodulation mechanoluminescence focused ultrasound nanotransducers sono-optogenetics

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Proton‑Prompted Ligand Exchange to Achieve High‑Efficiency CsPbI_(3) Quantum Dot Light‑Emitting Diodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 53-62页

作者： Yanming Li Ming Deng Xuanyu Zhang lei Qian Chaoyu xiang Laboratory of Advanced Nano‑Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo 315300People’s Republic of China Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology&EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100People’s Republic of China

CsPbI_(3)perovskite quantum dots(QDs)are ideal materials for the next generation of red light-emitting ***,the low phase stability of CsPbI_(3)QDs and long-chain insulating capping ligands hinder the improvement of device *** in-situ ligand replacement and ligand exchange after synthesis were often difficult to ***,we proposed a new ligand exchange strategy using a proton-prompted insitu exchange of short 5-aminopentanoic acid ligands with long-chain oleic acid and oleylamine ligands to obtain stable small-size CsPbI_(3)*** exchange strategy maintained the size and morphology of CsPbI_(3)QDs and improved the optical properties and the conductivity of CsPbI_(3)QDs *** a result,high-efficiency red QD-based light-emitting diodes with an emission wavelength of 645 nm demonstrated a record maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.45%and an operational half-life of 10.79 h.

关键词： CsPbI_(3) perovskite quantum dots Light-emitting diodes Ligand exchange Proton-prompted in-situ exchange

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Weak type(1, 1) of the Riesz transform on some direct product manifolds with exponential volume growth

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1599-1622页

作者： hong-Quan Li Jie-xiang Zhu School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

In this paper, we are concerned with the Riesz transform on the direct product manifold H^(n)× M,where H^(n) is the n-dimensional real hyperbolic space, and M is a connected complete non-compact Riemannian manifold satisfying the volume doubling property and generalized Gaussian or sub-Gaussian upper estimates for the heat kernel. We establish its weak type(1, 1) property. In addition, we obtain the weak type(1, 1) of the heat maximal operator in the same setting. Our arguments also work for a large class of direct product manifolds with exponential volume growth. Particularly, we provide a simpler proof of weak type(1, 1) boundedness of some operators considered in the work of Li et al.(2016).

关键词： Riesz transform heat kernel direct product real hyperbolic space

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Label Recovery and Trajectory Designable Network for Transfer Fault Diagnosis of Machines With Incorrect Annotation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 932-945页

作者： Bin Yang Yaguo lei xiang Li Naipeng Li Asoke K.Nandi the Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System the School of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniveristyXi’an 710049 the Hunan Provincial Key Labortory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment Hunan Univeristy of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China the Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System Xi’an Jiaotong UniveristyXi’an 710049China the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Brunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUK

The success of deep transfer learning in fault diagnosis is attributed to the collection of high-quality labeled data from the source ***,in engineering scenarios,achieving such high-quality label annotation is difficult and *** incorrect label annotation produces two negative effects:1)the complex decision boundary of diagnosis models lowers the generalization performance on the target domain,and2)the distribution of target domain samples becomes misaligned with the false-labeled *** overcome these negative effects,this article proposes a solution called the label recovery and trajectory designable network(LRTDN).LRTDN consists of three ***,a residual network with dual classifiers is to learn features from cross-domain ***,an annotation check module is constructed to generate a label anomaly indicator that could modify the abnormal labels of false-labeled samples in the source *** the training of relabeled samples,the complexity of diagnosis model is reduced via semi-supervised ***,the adaptation trajectories are designed for sample distributions across *** ensures that the target domain samples are only adapted with the pure-labeled *** LRTDN is verified by two case studies,in which the diagnosis knowledge of bearings is transferred across different working conditions as well as different yet related *** results show that LRTDN offers a high diagnosis accuracy even in the presence of incorrect annotation.

关键词： Deep transfer learning domain adaptation incorrect label annotation intelligent fault diagnosis rotating machines

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Precipitating thermally reinforcement phase in aluminum alloys for enhanced strength at 400℃

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 71-82页

作者： xiang Su Yuan lei Yang Chen hongjie Qu Zhixiang Qi Gong Zheng Xu Liu Henggao xiang Guang Chen National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and DesignMinistry of EducationNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Aviation and Mechanical Engineering Changzhou Institute of TechnologyChangzhou 213032China

Heat-resistant aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive fields for manufacturing hot components due to their advantages in lightweight design and energy ***,the high-temperature strength of existing cast aluminum alloys is always limited to about 100 MPa at 350℃due to coarsening and transformation of strengthening ***,we reveal that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the T6 state Al-8.4Cu-2.3Ce-1.0Mn-0.5Ni-0.2Zr alloy at 400◦C increase by 34%and 44%after re-aging at 300℃for 100 h,and its thermal strength exhibits distinguished ad-vantage over traditional heat-resistant aluminum *** enhanced elevated-temperature strength is attributed to the reprecipitation of the Ni-bearing T-Al_(20)Cu_(2)Mn_(3)phase,whose number density increases over one *** significant segregation of Ni,Ce,and Zr elements at the interfaces helps improve the thermal stability of the T *** thermostable T phase effectively strengthens the matrix by in-hibiting dislocation ***,a highly interconnected 3D intermetallic network along the grain boundaries can still remain after long-term re-aging at 300℃,which is conducive to imposing a drag on the grain boundaries at high *** finding offers a viable route for enhancing the elevated-temperature strength of heat-resistant aluminum alloys,which could provide expanded opportunities for higher-temperature applications.

关键词： Aluminum alloys Precipitation Thermally reinforcement phase Re-aging treatment High-temperature strength

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Dynamic Vision-Based Machinery Fault Diagnosis With Cross-Modality Feature Alignment

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第10期11卷 2068-2081页

作者： xiang Li Shupeng Yu Yaguo lei Naipeng Li Bin Yang Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Intelligent machinery fault diagnosis methods have been popularly and successfully developed in the past decades,and the vibration acceleration data collected by contact accelerometers have been widely *** many industrial scenarios,contactless sensors are more *** event camera is an emerging bio-inspired technology for vision sensing,which asynchronously records per-pixel brightness change polarity with high temporal resolution and low *** offers a promising tool for contactless machine vibration sensing and fault ***,the dynamic vision-based methods suffer from variations of practical factors such as camera position,machine operating condition,***,as a new sensing technology,the labeled dynamic vision data are limited,which generally cannot cover a wide range of machine fault *** at these challenges,a novel dynamic vision-based machinery fault diagnosis method is proposed in this *** is motivated to explore the abundant vibration acceleration data for enhancing the dynamic vision-based model performance.A crossmodality feature alignment method is thus proposed with deep adversarial neural networks to achieve fault diagnosis knowledge *** event erasing method is further proposed for improving model robustness against *** proposed method can effectively identify unseen fault mode with dynamic vision *** on two rotating machine monitoring datasets are carried out for validations,and the results suggest the proposed method is promising for generalized contactless machinery fault diagnosis.

关键词： Condition monitoring domain generalization eventbased camera fault diagnosis machine vision

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