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Protective performance of shear stiffening gel-modified foam against ballistic impact:Experimental and numerical study

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 510-520页

作者： Huan Tu Haowei Yang Pengzhao Xu Zhe Yang Fan Tang Cheng Dong Yuchao Chen Lei Ren Wenjian Cao Chenguang Huang Yacong Guo Yanpeng Wei Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Xi'an Institute of Electromechanical Information Technology Xi'an 710065China Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory Beijing 102202China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

As one of the most widely used personal protective equipment(PPE),body armors play an important role in protecting the human body from the high-velocity impact of bullets or projectiles.The body torso and critical organs of the wear may suffer severe behind-armor blunt trauma(BABT)even though the impactor is stopped by the body armor.A type of novel composite material through incorporating shear stiffening gel(STG)into ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA)foam is developed and used as buffer layers to reduce BABT.In this paper,the protective performance of body armors composed of fabric bulletproof layers and a buffer layer made of foam material is investigated both experimentally and numerically.The effectiveness of STG-modified EVA in damage relief is verified by ballistic tests.In parallel with the experimental study,numerical simulations are conducted by LS-DYNA®to investigate the dynamic response of each component and capture the key mechanical parameters,which are hardly obtained from field tests.To fully describe the material behavior under the transient impact,the selected constitutive models take the failure and strain rate effect into consideration.A good agreement between the experimental observations and numerical results is achieved to prove the validity of the modelling method.The tests and simulations show that the impact-induced deformation on the human body is significantly reduced by using STG-modified EVA as the buffering material.The improvement of protective performance is attributed to better dynamic properties and more outstanding energy absorption capability of the composite foam.

关键词： Ballistic behavior Composite foam Shear stiffening gel Finite element analysis Protective mechanism

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ROS Balance Autoregulating Core-Shell CeO_(2)@ZIF-8/Au Nanoplatform for Wound Repair

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 341-361页

作者： Xi Zhou Quan Zhou Zhaozhi He Yi Xiao Yan Liu Zhuohang Huang Yaoji Sun Jiawei Wang Zhengdong Zhao Xiaozhou Liu Bin Zhou Lei Ren Yu Sun Zhiwei Chen Xingcai Zhang The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of XiamenDepartment of BiomaterialsCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005People’s Republic of China Department of Electronic Science Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance ResearchSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005People’s Republic of China John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Otorhinolaryngology Union Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022People’s Republic of China NO.1 Middle School Affiliated to Central China Normal University Wuhan 430223People’s Republic of China

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)plays important roles in living organisms.While ROS is a double-edged sword,which can eliminate drug-resistant bacteria,but excessive levels can cause oxidative damage to cells.A core–shell nanozyme,Ce O_(2)@ZIF-8/Au,has been crafted,spontaneously activating both ROS generating and scavenging functions,achieving the multifaceted functions of eliminating bacteria,reducing inflammation,and promoting wound healing.The Au Nanoparticles(NPs)on the shell exhibit high-efficiency peroxidase-like activity,producing ROS to kill bacteria.Meanwhile,the encapsulation of Ce O_(2) core within ZIF-8 provides a seal for temporarily limiting the superoxide dismutase and catalase-like activities of Ce O_(2) nanoparticles.Subsequently,as the ZIF-8 structure decomposes in the acidic microenvironment,the Ce O_(2) core is gradually released,exerting its ROS scavenging activity to eliminate excess ROS produced by the Au NPs.These two functions automatically and continuously regulate the balance of ROS levels,ultimately achieving the function of killing bacteria,reducing inflammation,and promoting wound healing.Such innovative ROS spontaneous regulators hold immense potential for revolutionizing the field of antibacterial agents and therapies.

关键词： Metal-organic framework(MOF) Reactive oxygen species(ROS) Cerium dioxide Au nanoparticles Wound healing

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Fault diagnosis of HVAC system with imbalanced data using multi-scale convolution composite neural network

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 371-386页

作者： Rouhui Wu Yizhu ren Mengying Tan lei Nie School of Mechanical Engineering Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China Industrial Research Institute of Xiangyang Hubei University of Technology Xiangyang441100China

Accurate fault diagnosis of heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems is of significant importance for maintaining normal operation,reducing energy consumption,and minimizing maintenance costs.However,in practical applications,it is challenging to obtain sufficient fault data for HVAC systems,leading to imbalanced data,where the number of fault samples is much smaller than that of normal samples.Moreover,most existing HVAC system fault diagnosis methods heavily rely on balanced training sets to achieve high fault diagnosis accuracy.Therefore,to address this issue,a composite neural network fault diagnosis model is proposed,which combines SMOTETomek,multi-scale one-dimensional convolutional neural networks(M1DCNN),and support vector machine(SVM).This method first utilizes SMOTETomek to augment the minority class samples in the imbalanced dataset,achieving a balanced number of faulty and normal data.Then,it employs the M1DCNN model to extract feature information from the augmented dataset.Finally,it replaces the original Softmax classifier with an SVM classifier for classification,thus enhancing the fault diagnosis accuracy.Using the SMOTETomek-M1DCNN-SVM method,we conducted fault diagnosis validation on both the ASHRAE RP-1043 dataset and experimental dataset with an imbalance ratio of 1:10.The results demonstrate the superiority of this approach,providing a novel and promising solution for intelligent building management,with accuracy and F1 scores of 98.45%and 100%for the RP-1043 dataset and experimental dataset,respectively.

关键词： fault diagnosis chiller imbalanced data SMOTETomek multi-scale neural networks

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Modelling analysis embodies drastic transition among global potential natural vegetations in face of changing climate

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 184-192页

作者： Zhengchao ren lei Liu Fang Yin Xiaoni Liu School of Earth Science and Resources Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China Research Center of Ecological Construction and Environmental Conservation in Gansu Province Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China School of Land Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China College of Pratacultural Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China

Potential natural vegetation(PNV)is a valuable reference for ecosystem renovation and has garnered increasing attention worldwide.However,there is limited knowledge on the spatio-temporal distributions,transitional processes,and underlying mechanisms of global natural vegetation,particularly in the case of ongoing climate warming.In this study,we visualize the spatio-temporal pattern and inter-transition procedure of global PNV,analyse the shifting distances and directions of global PNV under the influence of climatic disturbance,and explore the mechanisms of global PNV in response to temperature and precipitation fluctuations.To achieve this,we utilize meteorological data,mainly temperature and precipitation,from six phases:the Last Inter-Glacial(LIG),the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM),the Mid Holocene(MH),the Present Day(PD),2030(20212040)and 2090(2081–2100),and employ a widely-accepted comprehensive and sequential classification sy–stem(CSCS)for global PNV classification.We find that the spatial patterns of five PNV groups(forest,shrubland,savanna,grassland and tundra)generally align with their respective ecotopes,although their distributions have shifted due to fluctuating temperature and precipitation.Notably,we observe an unexpected transition between tundra and savanna despite their geographical distance.The shifts in distance and direction of five PNV groups are mainly driven by temperature and precipitation,although there is heterogeneity among these shifts for each group.Indeed,the heterogeneity observed among different global PNV groups suggests that they may possess varying capacities to adjust to and withstand the impacts of changing climate.The spatio-temporal distributions,mutual transitions and shift tendencies of global PNV and its underlying mechanism in face of changing climate,as revealed in this study,can significantly contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating warming and promoting re-vegetation in degraded regions worldwide.

关键词： Potential natural vegetation Global warming Vegetation classification Predicted model CSCS

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Influence of Vanes and Blades on Ingress in Axial Rim Seal for Turbine Stages

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 833-846页

作者： ren Ran DU Qiang LIU Guang ZENG Yanlian XIE lei Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine Beijing100190China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Hot gas ingestion refers to the phenomenon of mainstream hot gas flowing into the space cavity of a turbine wheel.Previous studies have found that mainstream annulus pressure distribution plays an important role in hot gas ingestion,but due to its complexity,the mechanism of the interaction between mainstream flow and hot gas ingestion remains unclear.This paper adopts the URANS method,and three sealing flow rates are considered,named C_(w)=0,C_(w)=500,and C_(w)=5000.The time-averaged annulus pressure distribution shows that an increase in the sealing flow decreases the pressure value,and the effects of the sealing flow on the pressure distribution of the leading edge of the blade are much more influential than that of the trailing edge of the vane.The unsteady pressure time-space distribution in the annulus indicates that a time-space tilted distribution of pressure at the rim exits when the sealing flow exists.This phenomenon is mainly due to the strong feedback mechanism of the sealing flow to the annulus pressure field.A comparison of the pressure and mean radial velocity distribution of the mainstream shows that the ingestion mainly occurs on the blade side,where the pressure is lower than on the vane side.The flow characteristics at the wheel rim are analyzed with a sealing flow rate C_(w)=5000,and under these conditions,both pressure-induced ingestion and ingestion caused by a passage vortex can be inferred.The three-dimensional and inertial effects of the mainstream at the wheel rim lead to the generation of separation vortices on the blade side,and the presence of separation vortices leads to ingestion along the blade side.At the same time,pressure on the blade side will cause the fluid to have a radial inward flow tendency,which will promote the formation of separation vortices,leading to more serious ingestion in the high-pressure region on the blade side.The blade pressure field can be more significant than the vane trailing pressure field in the rim seal ingestion,and it contributes some explanations

关键词： separation vortex unsteady rim seal the effect of blade on ingestion

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Numerical Simulation of Rainfall-induced Xianchi Reservoir Landslide in Yunyang,Chongqing,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 505-517页

作者： YAN Jinkai MA Yan LIU lei WANG Zhihui ren Tianxiang Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China Urban Construction School Beijing City UniversityBeijing 100083China

A calamitous landslide happened at 22:00 on September 1,2014 in the Yunyang area of Chongqing City,southwest China,enforcing the evacuation of 508 people and damaging 23 buildings.The landslide volume comprised 1.44 million m^(3) of material in the source area and 0.4 million m^(3) of shoveled material.The debris flow runout extended 400 m vertically and 1600 m horizontally.The Xianchi reservoir landslide event has been investigated as follows:(1)samples collected from the main body of landslide were carried out using GCTS ring shear apparatus;(2)the parameters of shear and pore water pressure have been measured;and(3)the post-failure characteristics of landslide have been analyzed using the numerical simulation method.The excess pore-water pressure and erosion in the motion path are considered to be the key reasons for the long-runout motion and the scale-up of landslides,such as that at Xianchi,were caused by the heavy rainfall.The aim of this paper is to acquired numerical parameters and the basic resistance model,which is beneficial to improve simulation accuracy for hazard assessment for similar to potentially dangerous hillslopes in China and elsewhere.

关键词： geohazards landslide post-failure rapid and long runout ring shear test

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C1QTNF5 is a novel attachment factor that facilitates the entry of influenza A virus

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 277-289页

作者： lei Yu Xinjin Liu Xiaoqin Wei Junrui ren Xueyun Wang Shuwen Wu Ke Lan State Key Laboratory of Virology Medical Research InstituteCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Influenza A virus(IAV)binds sialic acid receptors on the cell surface to enter the host cells,which is the key step in initiating infection,transmission and pathogenesis.Understanding the factors that contribute to the highly efficient entry of IAV into human cells will help elucidate the mechanism of viral entry and pathogenicity,and provide new targets for intervention.In the present study,we reported a novel membrane protein,C1QTNF5,which binds to the hemagglutinin protein of IAV and promotes IAV infection in vitro and in vivo.We found that the HA1 region of IAV hemagglutinin is critical for the interaction with C1QTNF5 protein,and C1QTNF5 interacts with hemagglutinin mainly through its N-terminus(1–103 aa).In addition,we further demonstrated that overexpression of C1QTNF5 promotes IAV entry,while blocking the interaction between C1QTNF5 and IAV hemagglutinin greatly inhibits viral entry.However,C1QTNF5 does not function as a receptor to mediate IAV infection in sialic acid-deficient CHO-Lec2 cells,but promotes IAV to attach to these cells,suggesting that C1QTNF5 is an important attachment factor for IAV.This work reveals C1QTNF5 as a novel IAV attachment factor and provides a new perspective for antiviral strategies.

关键词： C1QTNF5 Influenza A virus Viral entry Hemagglutinin Attachment factor

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Quality assessment of friction-stir-welded aluminum alloy welds via three-dimensional force signals

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 61-75页

作者： Ji-Hong Dong Yi-Ming Huang Jia-lei Zhu Wei Guan Xu-Kai ren Huan-Wei Yu lei Cui Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing102617People’s Republic of China Beijing Academy of Safety Engineering and Technology Beijing102617People’s Republic of China AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Beijing100024People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350People’s Republic of China Shaoxing Special Equipment Testing Institute Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Intelligent Testing and EvaluationShaoxing312071ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China

An online detection technology must be developed for realizing the real-time control of friction stir welding.In this study,the three-dimensional force exerted on a material during friction stir welding was collected synchronously and the relationship between the forces and welding quality was investigated.The results indicated that the fluctuation period of the traverse force was equal to that of the lateral force during the stable welding stage.The phase difference between two horizontal forces wasπ/2.The values of the horizontal forces increased with welding speed,whereas their amplitudes remained the same.The proposed force model showed that the traverse and lateral forces conformed to an elliptical curve,and this result was consistent with the behavior of the measured data.The variational mode decomposition was used to process the plunge force.The intrinsic mode function that represented the real fluctuation in the plunge force varied at the same frequency as the spindle rotational speed.When tunnel defects occurred,the fluctuation period features were consistent with those obtained during normal welding,whereas the ratio parameter defined in this study increased significantly.

关键词： Friction stir welding(FSW) Three-dimensional force model Variational mode decomposition Tunnel defect

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Engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for advanced photocatalysis:Recent advances

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 166-197页

作者： Xin-Lian Song lei Chen Li-Jiao Gao Jin-Tao ren Zhong-Yong Yuan National Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSmart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science CenterNankai UniversityTianjin300350China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China

Photocatalysis driven by abundant yet intermittent solar energy has considerable potential in renewable energy generation and environmental remediation.The outstanding electronic structure and physicochemical properties of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),together with unique metal-free characteristic,make them ideal candidates for advanced photocatalysts construction.This review summarizes the up-to-date advances on g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts from ingenious-design strategies and diversified photocatalytic applications.Notably,the advantages,fabrication methods and limitations of each design strategy are systemically analyzed.In order to deeply comprehend the inner connection of theory–structure–performance upon g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts,structure/composition designs,corresponding photocatalytic activities and reaction mechanisms are jointly discussed,associated with introducing their photocatalytic applications toward water splitting,carbon dioxide/nitrogen reduction and pollutants degradation,etc.Finally,the current challenges and future perspectives for g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for photocatalysis are briefly proposed.These design strategies and limitations are also instructive for constructing g-C_(3)N_(4) based materials in other energy and environment-related applications.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride g-C_(3)N_(4) Design strategies Photocatalysis Photocatalysts Reaction mechanism

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AOGAN:A generative adversarial network for screen space ambient occlusion

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Computational Visual Media 2022年第3期8卷 483-494页

作者： Lei Ren Ying Song Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018China 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Garment Personal Customization of Zhejiang Province China Key Lab of Silk and Culture Heritage and Products Design Digital Technology Ministry of Culture and TourismChina

Ambient occlusion(AO)is a widely-used real-time rendering technique which estimates light intensity on visible scene surfaces.Recently,a number of learning-based AO approaches have been proposed,which bring a new angle to solving screen space shading via a unified learning framework with competitive quality and speed.However,most such methods have high error for complex scenes or tend to ignore details.We propose an end-to-end generative adversarial network for the production of realistic AO,and explore the importance of perceptual loss in the generative model to AO accuracy.An attention mechanism is also described to improve the accuracy of details,whose effectiveness is demonstrated on a wide variety of scenes.

关键词： ambient occlusion(AO) attention mechanism generative adversarial network(GAN) perceptual loss

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