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A Review of Biological Fluid Power Systems and Their Potential Bionic Applications

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 367-399页

作者： Chunbao Liu Yingjie Wang Luquan ren lei ren School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun 130022 China School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK

Nature has always inspired human achievements in industry, and biomimetics is increasingly being applied in fluid power technology. Arachnida use hydraulic forces, rather than muscle, for leg extensions during locomotion. Many cold-blooded and soft-bodied organisms rely on a hydrostatic skeleton to transmit force, which involves a hydraulic mechanism. Biological hydraulic transmission differs from engineering hydraulic transmission in many aspects, such as in energy transfer and transformation, the movement mode, environmental friendliness, system pressure level, and energy supplement mode. The existence of a hydraulic mechanism in a biological drive requires 3 features: a power source, cavity, and working medium. The power source is similar to a hydraulic pump, and the cavity is similar to a hydraulic cylinder, both of which are necessary for producing deformation. The working medium is similar to a hydraulic fluid. Under these 3 conditions, a biological flow is generated inside or outside the body to meet the requirements of a biological drive. This paper reviews the biological organisms that employ hydraulic systems, identifies related studies on these biological hydraulic systems, and summarizes the mechanisms involved in using hydraulic pressure to achieve graceful and agile movements. This in-depth study and exploration of biological hydraulic systems can provide a good reference for solving the challenges of using hydraulic systems, such as increasing the energy efficiency, improving reliability, building smart components and systems, reducing the size and weight of components, reducing the environmental impact of systems, and improving and applying energy storage and redeployment capabilities. This paper also includes a detailed discussion of new ideas and innovative sources for the future development of hydraulic systems. In contrast with the bio-inspired designs used in other engineering fields, very few studies have reported on using bio-inspired methods

关键词： bionic fluid power pressurized liquids locomotion bio-inspired applications

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响应面法优化菊花糯米酒的加工工艺研究

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兰州文理学院学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期38卷 85-91页

作者：马婉茹丁之恩王俊钢任磊徐凯丽亳州学院生物与食品工程系安徽亳州236800 药食同源功能食品亳州市重点实验室安徽亳州236800

以菊花和糯米酒为主要原料,采用菊花浸提液、糯米酒、柠檬酸、赤藓糖醇进行调配实验,研究菊花糯米酒的调配工艺.选取菊花汁添加量、糯米酒添加量、柠檬酸添加量和赤藓糖醇添加量为单因素,初步确定各因素的最佳范围.采用响应面分析法对... 详细信息

以菊花和糯米酒为主要原料,采用菊花浸提液、糯米酒、柠檬酸、赤藓糖醇进行调配实验,研究菊花糯米酒的调配工艺.选取菊花汁添加量、糯米酒添加量、柠檬酸添加量和赤藓糖醇添加量为单因素,初步确定各因素的最佳范围.采用响应面分析法对影响菊花糯米酒品质的工艺参数进行优化,得出菊花糯米酒的最佳工艺参数:菊花汁添加比例为25%,糯米酒添加比例为55%,糖醇添加比例为3%,柠檬酸添加比例为0.09%.通过此工艺调配出的菊花糯米酒口感清凉甜美,酸甜适中,菊花香味与米酒香味和谐一致.

关键词：响应面分析法菊花糯米酒调配工艺

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Engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for advanced photocatalysis:Recent advances

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 166-197页

作者： Xin-Lian Song lei Chen Li-Jiao Gao Jin-Tao ren Zhong-Yong Yuan National Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSmart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science CenterNankai UniversityTianjin300350China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China

Photocatalysis driven by abundant yet intermittent solar energy has considerable potential in renewable energy generation and environmental *** outstanding electronic structure and physicochemical properties of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),together with unique metal-free characteristic,make them ideal candidates for advanced photocatalysts *** review summarizes the up-to-date advances on g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts from ingenious-design strategies and diversified photocatalytic ***,the advantages,fabrication methods and limitations of each design strategy are systemically *** order to deeply comprehend the inner connection of theory–structure–performance upon g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts,structure/composition designs,corresponding photocatalytic activities and reaction mechanisms are jointly discussed,associated with introducing their photocatalytic applications toward water splitting,carbon dioxide/nitrogen reduction and pollutants degradation,***,the current challenges and future perspectives for g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for photocatalysis are briefly *** design strategies and limitations are also instructive for constructing g-C_(3)N_(4) based materials in other energy and environment-related applications.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride g-C_(3)N_(4) Design strategies Photocatalysis Photocatalysts Reaction mechanism

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Computation of the stability derivatives via CFD and the sensitivity equations

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第2期27卷 179-188页

作者： Guo-Dong lei Yu-Xin ren Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China

The method to calculate the aerodynamic stability derivates of aircrafts by using the sensitivity equations is ex- tended to flows with shock waves in this paper. Using the newly developed second-order cell-centered finite volume scheme on the unstructured-grid, the unsteady Euler equations and sensitivity equations are solved simultaneously in a non-inertial frame of reference, so that the aerodynamic stability derivatives can be calculated for aircrafts with complex geometries. Based on the numerical results, behavior of the aerodynamic sensitivity parameters near the shock wave is discussed. Furthermore, the stability derivatives are analyzed for supersonic and hypersonic flows. The numerical results of the stability derivatives are found in good agree- ment with theoretical results for supersonic flows, and variations of the aerodynamic force and moment predicted by the stability derivatives are very close to those obtained by CFD simulation for both supersonic and hypersonic flows.

关键词： Aerodynamic stability derivatives Non-inertial frame of reference unstructured-grid Finite volume scheme Sensitivity equations

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Beam guiding system geometric arrangement in the target area of high-power laser drivers

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 100-109页

作者： lei ren Dongfeng Zhao Jianqiang Zhu National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Science

With the increasing number of laser beams, the main difficulty in arranging beam guiding systems(BGSs) involves determining the corresponding relationships between the output and input ports to realize the identified light path length of all beams. Given the basic constraints of geometric arrangement, a BGS model is established, and a base-line algorithm is proposed to address the difficulty mentioned above. Boundary conditions of target area and target chamber are discussed to increase the number of laser beams, and a maximum value exists for a specific target area. Finally, the compatibility of a cylindrical hohlraum target chamber with a spherical hohlraum is analyzed, and a moveable final optics assembly is proposed to execute the switch between the two different targets.

关键词： beam guiding system laser drivers spherical hohlraum target areas

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A customized model for 3D human segmental kinematic coupling analysis by optoelectronic stereophotogrammetry

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 2947-2953页

作者： ZHAO GuoRu ren lei TIAN LiMei QIAN ZhiHui WANG lei ren LuQuan Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory for Biomedical Informatics and Health Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchester M601QDUK Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China

The study of three-dimensional human kinematics has significant impacts on medical and healthcare technology innovations. As a non-invasive technology, optoelectronic stereophotogrammetry is widely used for in-vivo locomotor evaluations. However, relatively high testing difficulties, poor testing accuracies, and high analysis complexities prohibit its further employment. The objective of this study is to explore an improved modeling technique for quantitative measurement and analysis of human locomotion. Firstly, a 3D whole body model of 17 rigid segments was developed to describe human locomotion. Subsequently, a novel infrared reflective marker cluster for 17 body segments was constructed to calibrate and record the 3D segmental position and orientation of each functional body region simultaneously with high spatial accuracy. In addition, the novel calibration procedure and the conception of kinematic coupling of human locomotion were proposed to investigate the segmental functional characteristics of human motion. Eight healthy male subjects were evaluated with walking and running experiments using the Qualisys motion capture system. The experimental results demonstrated the followings: (i) The kinematic coupling of the upper limbs and the lower limbs both showed the significant characteristics of joint motion, while the torso motion of human possessed remarkable features of segmental motion; (ii) flexion/extension was the main motion feature in sagittal plane, while the lateral bending in coronal plane and the axial rotation in transverse plane were subsidiary motions during an entire walking cycle regarding to all the segments of the human body; (iii) compared with conventional methods, the improved techniques have a competitive advantage in the convenient measurement and accurate analysis of the segmental dynamic functional characteristics during human locomotion. The modeling technique proposed in this paper has great potentials in rehabilitation engineering

关键词： human movement analysis in-vivo skeletal system kinematics calibration technique kinematic coupling

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Beam oscillating parameters on pore inhibition,recrystallization and grain boundary characteristics of laser-arc hybrid welded AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2489-2502页

作者： Kangda Hao Yongkang Gao Lianyong Xu Yongdian Han lei Zhao Wenjin ren Hongyang Jing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350PR China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology Tianjin300350PR China

Oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy was carried out,the effects of beam oscillation parameters on pore inhibition,microstructure,grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties were *** results showed that the pore formation can be inhibited with oscillating frequency higher than 75 Hz and radius smaller than 0.5 *** columnar grains neighboring the fusion line can be broken by the beam oscillation behavior,while the grain growth was promoted with the increase of frequency or *** should be noted that the coincidence site lattice(CSL)boundaries were mainlyΣ13b andΣ29 boundaries,which were contributed by{10■2}tensile twins and{11■2}compression twins,*** total fraction of CSL boundaries reached maximum at radius of 0.25 mm and frequency of 75 Hz,which was also confirmed as the optimized *** this case,the elongation rate increased up to 13.2%,12.8%higher than that of the weld without beam ***,the pore formation and inhibition mechanisms were illustrated according to the state of melt flow and keyhole formation,the abnormal growth was discussed basing on secondary recrystallization,and the relationship among the pore formation,grain size,boundary characteristics and weld toughness were finally established.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Laser-arc hybrid welding Beam oscillation Recrystallization Mechanical properties

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基于“木曰敷和”理论探讨柔肝法治疗老年失眠症

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天津中医药 2024年第5期41卷 582-585页

作者：赵云闫子铭沈一凡任磊秦建国北京中医药大学第二临床医学院北京100078 上海中医药大学附属市中医医院急诊科上海200071 北京中医药大学东方医院肾病科北京100078

肝主疏泄、藏血,在畅气机、统气血、燮阴阳方面发挥重要作用,文章从肝性柔润,“木曰敷和”角度出发,根据老年人脏腑柔弱、气血阴阳失调等病理特点,从肝论治老年失眠症,将其病机概括为木失敷和、气血怫郁、阴阳失衡。治疗主张柔肝胜于疏... 详细信息

肝主疏泄、藏血,在畅气机、统气血、燮阴阳方面发挥重要作用,文章从肝性柔润,“木曰敷和”角度出发,根据老年人脏腑柔弱、气血阴阳失调等病理特点,从肝论治老年失眠症,将其病机概括为木失敷和、气血怫郁、阴阳失衡。治疗主张柔肝胜于疏肝,从甘缓和中、养血柔肝,酸甘合阴、益肾柔肝,咸寒潜阳、降逆柔肝,辛润通络、化瘀柔肝4个方面探讨柔肝法应用,为治疗老年失眠症提供新思路,以期提高老年人生活质量。

关键词：老年失眠症木曰敷和柔肝气血阴阳

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Microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties of laser-arc hybrid welded AZ31B magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1986-1995页

作者： Yongkang Gao Kangda Hao Lianyong Xu Yongdian Han lei Zhao Wenjing ren Hongyang Jing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350PR China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology Tianjin 300350PR China

Laser-arc hybrid welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy was carried out,the effects of welding parameters on weld formation,microstructure homogeneity and mechanical properties were *** results showed that laser-arc hybrid welding was beneficial to improve the weld formation of magnesium alloy by inhibiting the defect of undercut and *** weld microstructure was mainly columnar grains neighboring the fusion line and equiaxed grains at the weld *** was interesting that the grain size at the upper arc zone was smaller than that at the lower laser zone,with the difference mainly affected by laser power rather than welding current and welding *** welding parameters were optimized as laser power of 3.5 kW,welding current of 100 A and welding speed of 1.5 m/*** this case,the weld was free of undercut and pores,and the tensile strength and elongation rate reached 252 MPa and 11.2%,***,the microstructure homogeneity was illustrated according to the heat distribution,and the evolution law of tensile properties was discussed basing on the weld formation and microstructure characteristics.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Laser-arc hybrid welding Microstructure homogeneity Mechanical properties

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12周有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练对老年肌少症体成分、肌力、躯体功能和肺功能的影响

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老年医学与保健 2024年第2期30卷 529-542页

作者：张音许轶明沈宏华杜井波吴顺军凌小楠任蕾上海市第四康复医院呼吸康复科上海200042 上海市第四康复医院康复治疗与管理科上海200042

目的通过对住院老年肌少症患者中进行中等有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练,观察12周强化训练及停止训练12周后对老年肌少症患者体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的影响。方法选择2022年1月-2022年12月收治于上海市第四康复医院呼吸康复科及... 详细信息

目的通过对住院老年肌少症患者中进行中等有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练,观察12周强化训练及停止训练12周后对老年肌少症患者体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的影响。方法选择2022年1月-2022年12月收治于上海市第四康复医院呼吸康复科及综合康复科老年肌少症58例住院患者并完成了全程随访,按随机数字法分为联合组(n=29)和有氧组(n=29),有氧组在常规康复训练基础上附加中等强度有氧训练,联合组在有氧组基础上联合弹力带抗阻训练,12周强化训练后停止训练12周,但维持训练前的日常生活方式、饮食及体育活动。比较2组在训练前、12周训练后、12周停止训练后的体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的变化。采用了两因素重复测量的方法。结果与训练前相比,12周强化训练后,联合组在ASM、握力、伸膝肌肌力、6米步速、5次起坐时间及FVC、FVC%pred、FEV 1指标上的显著改善与有氧组相当(P>0.05),联合组较有氧组ASMI改善更显著(P0.05),联合组ASMI、握力、伸膝肌肌力在停止训练12周后的水平仍显著高于训练前(P<0.05),且显著高于有氧组(P<0.05)。结论12周中等强度有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练可显著改善老年肌少症患者的肌肉量、肌力和部分肺功能参数,在停止训练12周后该疗效仍在持续,但较训练后显著或不显著的降低并不能被日常饮食及体育活动弥补。

关键词：老年肌少症有氧训练抗阻训练骨骼肌质量肌力肺功能

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