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Highly efficient solution-processed organic photovoltaics enabled by improving packing behavior of organic semiconductors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 890-897页

作者： Xinyue Cui Hongxiang Li Hao Lu Yuqiang Liu Guangliu Ran Rui Liu Huarui Zhang Xueqing Ma Dawei Li Yi Lin Jifa Yu Wenkai Zhang lei cai Yahui Liu Pei Cheng Andong Zhang Zaifei Ma Guanghao Lu Zhishan Bo College of Textiles and Clothing State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textilesQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum StudiesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710054China

Solution processability is a unique property of organic semiconductors. The compact and regular π-π stacking between molecules is paramount in the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. However, it is still a challenge to improve their stacking quality without sacrificing the solution-processability from the aspect of materials design. Here, delicately engineered additives are presented to promote the formation of ordered aggregation of conjugated molecules by regulating their nucleation and growth dynamics. Intriguingly, the long-chain BTP-eC9-4F molecules can realize ordered aggregation comparable to short-chain ones without sacrificing processability. The domain size of BTP-eC9-4F aggregation is enlarged from 24.2 to 32.2 nm in blend films.Thereby exciton diffusion and charge transport become faster, contributing to the suppression of recombination losses. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 19.2% is achieved in D18:BTP-eC9-4F based organic photovoltaics. Our findings demonstrate a facile strategy to improve the packing quality of solution-processed organic semiconductors for high-efficiency photovoltaics and beyond photovoltaics.

关键词： organic semiconductor organic photovoltaic charge transport solution processability

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辐冠苣苔属(苦苣苔科)一新替代名称——Radiaticorollarus Y. G. Wei, F. Wen & lei cai

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广西植物 2024年第4期44卷 619-620页

作者：温放韦毅刚李晓娟熊驰蔡磊广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所广西桂林541006 广西植物研究所国家苦苣苔科种质资源库中国野生植物保护协会苦苣苔专委会中国苦苣苔科植物保育中心中国科学院桂林植物园广西桂林541006 中国科学院昆明植物研究所云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室昆明650201

辐冠苣苔属为中国广东特有苦苣苔科单型属,因其具有苦苣苔科中相对比较少见的辐射状花冠裂片而得名。有学者提出因其属名Actinostephanus F.Wen,Y.G.Wei&L.F.Fu和已灭绝的化石浮游植物属名Actinostephanos Khursevich极其相似而易于混淆... 详细信息

辐冠苣苔属为中国广东特有苦苣苔科单型属,因其具有苦苣苔科中相对比较少见的辐射状花冠裂片而得名。有学者提出因其属名Actinostephanus F.Wen,Y.G.Wei&L.F.Fu和已灭绝的化石浮游植物属名Actinostephanos Khursevich极其相似而易于混淆,应处理为晚出同名。依据2018年《国际藻类、菌物和植物命名法规(深圳法规)》,该文为该晚出同名拟定了一个新名称,即Radiaticorollarus Y.G.Wei,F.Wen&lei cai,并将其属下辐冠苣苔Actinostephanus enpingensis F.Wen,Y.G.Wei&Z.B.Xin处理为新组合Radiaticorollarus enpingensis(F.Wen,Y.G.Wei&Z.B.Xin)F.Wen,Y.G.Wei&lei cai的异名。

关键词：辐冠苣苔属辐冠苣苔苦苣苔科新名称新组合

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Exploiting sound for emerging applications of extracellular vesicles

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 462-475页

作者： Zhuhao Wu Hongwei cai Chunhui Tian Zheng Ao lei Jiang Feng Guo Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Extracellular vesicles are nano-to micro-scale,membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space,and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics,holding promising potential in translational medicine.However,the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment.Here,we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles.We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies.We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification,manipulation,biosensing,and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles.Then,we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles.Finally,we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.

关键词： extracellular vesicles exosomes biomimetic nanovesicles acoustics disease diagnostics therapeutics

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Revealing excited states of rotational Bose-Einstein condensates

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 41-48页

作者： Jianyuan Yin Zhen Huang Yongyong cai Qiang Du lei Zhang School of Mathematical Sciences Laboratory of Mathematics and Applied MathematicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Mathematics National University of SingaporeSingapore 119076Singapore Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and Data Science Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Center for Quantitative BiologyCenter for Machine Learning ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Rotational Bose-Einstein condensates can exhibit quantized vortices as topological excitations.In this study,the ground and excited states of the rotational Bose-Einstein condensates are systematically studied by calculating the stationary points of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional.Various excited states and their connections at different rotational frequencies are revealed in solution landscapes constructed with the constrained high-index saddle dynamics method.Four excitation mechanisms are identified:vortex addition,rearrangement,merging,and splitting.We demonstrate changes in the ground state with increasing rotational frequencies and decipher the evolution of the stability of ground states.

关键词： method rotational excited

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Microstructure and impact behavior of Mg-4Al-5RE-xGd cast magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1799-1814页

作者： Jie Wei Qudong Wang Huisheng cai Mahmoud Ebrahimi Chuan lei National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This work investigated the microstructure and impact behavior of Mg-4Al-5RE-xGd（RE represents La-Ce mischmetal; x = 0, 0.2,0.7 wt.%） alloys cast by high-pressure die casting（HPDC）, permanent mold casting（PMC）, and sand casting（SC） techniques. The results indicated that with increasing Gd content, the grain sizes of the HPDC alloy had a slight change, but the grains of the PMC and SC alloys were significantly refined. Besides, the acicular Al11RE3phase was modified into the short-rod shape under the three casting conditions. The impact toughness of the studied alloy was mainly dominated by the absorbed energy during the crack initiation. With increasing Gd content,the impact toughness of the studied alloy monotonically increased due to the lower tendency of the modified second phase toward crack initiation. The impact stress was higher than the tensile stress, exhibiting a strain rate sensitivity for the mechanical response; however, the HPDC alloy had an inconsistent strain rate sensitivity during the impact event due to the transformation of the deformation mechanism from twinning to slip with increasing strain. Abundant dimples covered the fracture surface of the fine-grained HPDC alloys, indicating a typical ductile fracture. Nevertheless, due to the deficient {■} twinning activity and the suppressed grain boundary sliding during the impact event, the HPDC alloys showed insufficient plastic deformation capacity.

关键词： Mg-Al-RE alloy Gadolinium Microstructure Impact behavior

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Communication efficiency optimization of federated learning for computing and network convergence of 6G networks

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第5期25卷 713-727页

作者： Yizhuo cai Bo lei Qianying ZHAO Jing PENG Min WEI Yushun ZHANG Xing ZHANG Wireless Signal Processing and Network Laboratory Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Research Institute of China Telecom Co. Ltd.Beijing 102209China Beijing Telecom Beijing 100011China

Federated learning effectively addresses issues such as data privacy by collaborating across participating devices to train global models.However,factors such as network topology and computing power of devices can affect its training or communication process in complex network environments.Computing and network convergence(CNC)of sixth-generation(6G)networks,a new network architecture and paradigm with computing-measurable,perceptible,distributable,dispatchable,and manageable capabilities,can effectively support federated learning training and improve its communication efficiency.By guiding the participating devices'training in federated learning based on business requirements,resource load,network conditions,and computing power of devices,CNC can reach this goal.In this paper,to improve the communication eficiency of federated learning in complex networks,we study the communication eficiency optimization methods of federated learning for CNC of 6G networks that give decisions on the training process for different network conditions and computing power of participating devices.The simulations address two architectures that exist for devices in federated learning and arrange devices to participate in training based on arithmetic power while achieving optimization of communication efficiency in the process of transferring model parameters.The results show that the methods we proposed can cope well with complex network situations,effectively balance the delay distribution of participating devices for local training,improve the communication eficiency during the transfer of model parameters,and improve the resource utilization in the network.

关键词： Computing and network convergence Communication efficiency Federated learning Two architectures

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PAL-BERT:An Improved Question Answering Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2729-2745页

作者： Wenfeng Zheng Siyu Lu Zhuohang cai Ruiyang Wang lei Wang Lirong Yin School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA

In the field of natural language processing(NLP),there have been various pre-training language models in recent years,with question answering systems gaining significant attention.However,as algorithms,data,and computing power advance,the issue of increasingly larger models and a growing number of parameters has surfaced.Consequently,model training has become more costly and less efficient.To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the training process while reducing themodel volume,this paper proposes a first-order pruningmodel PAL-BERT based on the ALBERT model according to the characteristics of question-answering(QA)system and language model.Firstly,a first-order network pruning method based on the ALBERT model is designed,and the PAL-BERT model is formed.Then,the parameter optimization strategy of the PAL-BERT model is formulated,and the Mish function was used as an activation function instead of ReLU to improve the performance.Finally,after comparison experiments with traditional deep learning models TextCNN and BiLSTM,it is confirmed that PALBERT is a pruning model compression method that can significantly reduce training time and optimize training efficiency.Compared with traditional models,PAL-BERT significantly improves the NLP task’s performance.

关键词： PAL-BERT question answering model pretraining language models ALBERT pruning model network pruning TextCNN BiLSTM

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ZIF-8 coated gold nanospheres: A multi-responsive drug delivery system promoting the killing effect of photothermal therapy against osteosarcoma cells

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1772-1784页

作者： Miao lei Weiye cai Luetao Zou Bin Yu Lin Chen Yang Cao Shanlin Xiang Chao Song Jiandu lei Wei Jiang Zhenming Hu Department of Orthopedics Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNo.1 Youyi RoadChongqing 400010China The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 646699China Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNo.1 Youyi RoadChongqing 400010China Department of Orthopedics Chongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqing 404000China Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025China Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry College of Material Science and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Photothermal therapy(PTT)has been widely used in the treatment of tumors,but its efficacy is greatly limited by the inability of precise drug delivery and the increase of heat shock proteins(HSPs)caused by high temperature.This article describes a therapeutic strategy to enhance PTT with starvation therapy in conjunction with ferroptosis mechanism.A nanoparticle platform ZIF-8@GA was constructed by wrapping together glucose oxidase(GOX)and gold nanospheres(AuNPs)loaded with dihydroartemisinin(DHA)with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8).This platform can take advantage of the micro-environment of osteosarcoma(OS)cells,featuring low pH and high reactive oxygen species(ROS),for precision drug delivery.GOX can effectively catalyze glucose to produce gluconic acid and H_(2)O_(2),and DHA can also induce ROS production in OS cells.ROS produced by GOX and DHA can further generate lipid peroxidation(LPO)and lead to ferroptosis of OS cells.At the same time,ROS and LPO produced can inhibit the expression of HSPs,thereby increasing the therapeutic effect of PTT.In vitro experiments show that the nanoparticles are pH and ROS responsive.1μg/mL GOX combined with 0.2μg/mL DHA promotes ferroptosis of OS cells,and increases the killing effect of near-infrared(NIR)on OS cells.Further in vivo experiments showed that the nano drug-delivery platform combined with PTT can effectively inhibit the growth of OS cells.Meanwhile,this study provides a new idea for the treatment of OS with biomaterials combined with various treatment methods.

关键词： zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) gold nanospheres(AuNPs) photothermal therapy(PTT) starvation therapy ferroptosis

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Sodium butyrate alleviates fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling gut microbiota to promoteγ-amino butyric acid production

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 961-971页

作者： Qu Chen lei Wu Aijia Zhang Chen Wu Liuping cai Yingping Xiao Yingdong Ni Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of Agro-product Safety and NutritionZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310022China

Sodium butyrate(NaB)can regulate lipid metabolism and inhibit hepatic steatosis.This study aimed to investigate whether NaB can alleviate fructose-induced hepat ic steatosis via remodeling the gut microbiota and evaluate the anti-fatty liver mechanisms.The results showed that NaB and NaB-remodeled gut microbiota significantly alleviated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis and increased plasma uric acid and fructose levels.Furthermore,both NaB and NaB-remodeled gut microbiota increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and altered the levels of plasma amino acids(upregulating gamma-amino butyric acid(GABA)and downregulating L-glutamic acid and L-arginine)in fructose-exposed mice.The correlation analysis showed that GABA levels positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance,and increased GABA levels might promote the reduction of the hepatic triglyceride content.Further studies confirmed that GABA significantly reduced lipid deposition in mouse hepatocytes induced via fructose pretreatment in vitro.These findings suggested that NaB could ameliorate fructose-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating gut microbiota.

关键词： Butyrate Fructose Gut microbiota Hepatic steatosis

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Design of High Performance MXene/Oxide Structure Memristors for Image Recognition Applications

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 336-345页

作者： Xiaojuan LIAN Yuelin SHI Xinyi SHEN Xiang WAN Zhikuang cai lei WANG The College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Recent popularity to realize image recognition by memristor-based neural network hardware systems has been witnessed owing to their similarities to neurons and synapses.However,the stochastic formation of conductive filaments inside the oxide memristor devices inevitably makes them face some drawbacks,represented by relatively higher power consumption and severer resistance switching variability.In this work,we design and fabricate the Ag/MXene（Ti3C2）/SiO2/Pt memristor after considering the stronger interactions between Ti3C2and Ag ions,which lead to a Ti3C2/SiO2structure memristor owning to much lower "SET" voltage and smaller resistance switching fluctuation than pure SiO2memristor.Furthermore,the conductances of the Ag/Ti3C2/SiO2/Pt memristor have been modulated by changing the number of the applied programming pulse,and two typical biological behaviors,i.e.,longterm potentiation and long-term depression,have been achieved.Finally,device conductances are introduced into an integrated device-to-algorithm framework as synaptic weights,by which the MNIST hand-written digits are recognized with accuracy up to 77.39%.

关键词： Memristor MXene/Oxide structure Electrical characteristics First-principles calculations Image recognition

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