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Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949-2019)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第1期31卷 3-45页

作者： CHEN Fahu WU Shaohong CUI Peng CAI Yunlong ZHANG Yili YIN Yunhe LIU Guobin OUYANG Zhu MA Wei YANG Linsheng WU Duo lei jiaqiang ZHANG Guoyou ZOU Xueyong CHEN Xiaoqing TAN Minghong WANG Xunming BAO Anming CHENG Weixin DANG Xiaohu WEI Binggan WANG Guoliang WANG Wuyi ZHANG Xingquan LIU Xiaochen LI Shengyu Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation CASBeijing 100101China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CASChengdu 610041China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources CASLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CASUrumqi 830011China The Geographical Society of China Beijing 100101China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Geology and Environment Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CASBeijing 100101China

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences. Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development, and China’s natural environment is complex and diverse. According to national needs and regional development, physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research, which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development, the protection of macro ecosystems and resources, and sustainable regional development. This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields: regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas;geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of physical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.

关键词： physical geography scientific practice applied research regional development national strategy

1973—2015年努尔苏丹气温变化与城市热岛效应

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干旱区地理 2021年第2期44卷 316-326页

作者：艾柯代·艾斯凯尔 Talgat ABZHANOV 王永东赵永成雷加强中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学北京100049 哈萨克斯坦赛福林农业技术大学努尔苏丹010000

基于1973—2015年努尔苏丹市和阿科尔镇逐日气温数据,以及努尔苏丹2000—2015年城市发展数据,采用回归分析、七点二次平滑、Mann-Kendall突变检验、滑动T检验等分析方法研究了该区域气温和城市热岛强度的变化特征及成因。结果表明:(1)... 详细信息

基于1973—2015年努尔苏丹市和阿科尔镇逐日气温数据,以及努尔苏丹2000—2015年城市发展数据,采用回归分析、七点二次平滑、Mann-Kendall突变检验、滑动T检验等分析方法研究了该区域气温和城市热岛强度的变化特征及成因。结果表明:(1)在同期北半球和中亚地区气温显著增长的大背景下,努尔苏丹年平均气温并无显著变化,气温受全球变化的影响主要表现在气温的两极化加剧上;(2)受冬季热岛强度减弱的影响,努尔苏丹年平均热岛强度呈现显著减弱趋势,而冬季热岛强度的减弱主要受对比站冬季气温变化影响,其次与努尔苏丹城市发展也有一定的关联。

关键词：干旱区气温变化趋势热岛强度冷岛效应努尔苏丹

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新疆策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带水平输沙通量

中国沙漠 2017年第6期37卷 1085-1092页

作者：毛东雷蔡富艳侯建楠雷加强杨雪峰薛杰新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院/新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830054 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站新疆乌鲁木齐830011 乌鲁木齐职业大学应用工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830002 华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院湖北武汉430079

新疆策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带的天然植被对绿洲内部的农田起到了很好的保护作用,具有良好的防风阻沙效益。对策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带的流沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地的水平输沙通量和风速进行了分析。结果表明:(1)近地表的输沙通量和平均风速... 详细信息

新疆策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带的天然植被对绿洲内部的农田起到了很好的保护作用,具有良好的防风阻沙效益。对策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带的流沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地的水平输沙通量和风速进行了分析。结果表明:(1)近地表的输沙通量和平均风速从流沙地至半固定、固定沙地大幅度地减少。在0~202.5cm高度范围,半固定沙地、固定沙地水平输沙通量相比流沙地分别少了56.91%、90.23%;在0~70cm高度范围内,输沙通量分别少了85.31%、99.55%;(2)平均风速越大,半固定沙地、固定沙地相比流沙地的输沙通量减少得愈多,流沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地近地表输沙通量与平均风速分别服从指数、线性和多项式函数关系;(3)策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带的有效宽度不小于1.74km,才能保护绿洲免受风沙危害。

关键词：沙漠-绿洲过渡带水平输沙通量平均风速宽度策勒

排序方法在土壤粒径分布研究中的应用——以策勒河流域为例

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土壤学报 2011年第3期48卷 639-643页

作者：桂东伟雷加强曾凡江穆桂金杨发相中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站新疆策勒848300

基于土壤结构的自相似性,分形理论目前被广泛用于土壤粒径分布（particle size distribution,简称PSD）研究中,即以相对较多的土壤粒级数据,利用单重或多重分形技术获取参数（分形维）形式揭示PSD特征。量化得出的分维值,能较全面反映土... 详细信息

基于土壤结构的自相似性,分形理论目前被广泛用于土壤粒径分布（particle size distribution,简称PSD）研究中,即以相对较多的土壤粒级数据,利用单重或多重分形技术获取参数（分形维）形式揭示PSD特征。量化得出的分维值,能较全面反映土壤PSD特征及其之间的差异性,但会受限于PSD差异性与影响因素之间的进一步分析。

关键词：粒径分布排序分形维策勒河流域

Effects of the extrusion parameters on microstructure,texture and room temperature mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 136-146页

作者： Chenjin Zhang Guangyu Yang lei Xiao Zhiyong Kan Jing Guo Qiang Li Wanqi Jie State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Qujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011China

Microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-2.49Nd-1.82Gd-0.2Zn-0.2Zr alloy were investigated at different extrusion temperatures(260 and 320℃),extrusion ratios(10:1,15:1,and 30:1),and extrusion speeds(3 and 6 mm/s).The experimental results exhibited that the grain sizes after extrusion were much finer than that of the homogenized alloy,and the second phase showed streamline distribution along the extrusion direction(ED).With extrusion temperature increased from 260 to 320℃,the microstructure,texture,and mechanical properties of alloys changed *** dynamic recrystallization(DRX)degree and grain sizes enhanced as the extrusion ratio increased from 10:1 to 30:1,and the strength gradually decreased but elongation(EL)*** the extrusion speed increased from 3 to 6 mm/s,the grain sizes and DRX degree increased significantly,and the samples presented the typical-rare-earth(RE)*** alloy extruded at 260℃ with extrusion ratio of 10:1 and extrusion speed of 3 mm/s showed the tensile yield strength(TYS)of 213 MPa and EL of 30.6%.After quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strengthening mechanisms,it was found that the grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening played major roles among strengthening *** results provide some guidelines for enlarging the industrial application of extruded Mg-RE alloy.

关键词： Mg-rare earth alloys extrusion temperature extrusion ratio extrusion speed strengthening mechanisms

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Meetings and Courses

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2025年第1期 119-120页

作者： Shui-Ying lei

Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication. This list is provided as a service to readers; inclusion does not imply endorsement by the Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases ***, 2025Emerging topic conference 2025:MASLD, Met ALD and ALD:Challenges and opportunities February 27-March 1, 2025; Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas,Nevada, USA The“MASLD,Met ALDandALD:Challengesandopportunities”emerging topic conference (ETC) is a comprehensive event designed to explore the latest advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the management of steatotic liver diseases (SLD), with a particular focusonthenewlyidentifiedmetabolicandalcohol-associated liverdisease(Met ALD).Theprogramfeaturesthreedaysofindepthsessions,coveringarangeoftopicsfromclinicalpractice andcurrentmanagementtoinnovativeresearchandtreatment ***:1)todescribethedetailsof thepathophysiology,diseaseburden,anddiagnosisforMASLD,Met ALD, and ALD; 2) to identify the emerging trends and research needs in Met ALD; 3) to explore the challenges and opportunities in integrating MASLD and ALD management; 4) to discuss the future directions and innovations in the field of SLD; and 5) to enhance professionalknowledgeandskillsthroughinteractivesessions ***, please visit:https://***/emerging-topic-conference-2025-masld-metald-and-ald-challenges-and-opportunities.

关键词：

1961-2019年中国北方沙漠沙地极端气候变化特征及其影响因素

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地理科学 2023年第8期43卷 1495-1505页

作者：侯承志黄丹青桂东伟雷加强鹿化煜徐志伟南京大学地理与海洋科学学院江苏南京210023 南京大学大气科学学院江苏南京210023 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830011

本文利用1961—2019年中国北方沙漠沙地腹地和周边地区61个气象站点逐日最高温度、最低温度、降水量等观测数据,选取了通用的24种极端气候指数,分析了中国北方沙漠沙地极端气候的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①1961—2019年,中... 详细信息

本文利用1961—2019年中国北方沙漠沙地腹地和周边地区61个气象站点逐日最高温度、最低温度、降水量等观测数据,选取了通用的24种极端气候指数,分析了中国北方沙漠沙地极端气候的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①1961—2019年,中国北方沙漠沙地增温趋势明显,不同的极端气温指数变化趋势显著,并且空间差异较小。其中,气温极值指数显著上升,并且年极端低温的上升幅度最大。霜冻日数、冷昼日数等极端冷事件显著减少,夏日日数、暖昼日数等极端暖事件显著增加。②中国北方沙漠沙地极端降水指数的年际波动较大,并且在空间上呈现出“西增东减”的区域差异性特征。其中,西部沙漠的年降水量以5.11 mm/10a的速率显著增加,一日最大降水量、强降水量等其他极端降水指数也显著增加。而东部沙地的极端降水显著减少,呈现出明显的干旱化趋势。③中国北方沙漠沙地极端气温指数的变化特征与中国其他地区具有较好的一致性,且变化幅度大多超过了北美、南非、澳大利亚以及全球陆地极端气温指数的变化幅度。④北极涛动(AO)对东部沙地极端低温和极端冷事件的变化有显著影响。近几十年来东亚夏季风的减弱是导致东部沙地极端降水减少的主要原因,而西部沙漠极端降水的增加可能受到北大西洋年代际振荡(AMO)和太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)等多重因素的共同影响。

关键词：沙漠沙地极端气候区域差异气候变化

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Microstructure effect of mechanical and cracking behaviors on brittle rocks using image-based fast Fourier transform method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2025年第1期17卷 399-413页

作者： Mingyao Li lei Peng Dejun Liu Jianping Zuo School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing100083China

The internal microstructures of rock materials, including mineral heterogeneity and intrinsic microdefects, exert a significant influence on their nonlinear mechanical and cracking behaviors. It is of great significance to accurately characterize the actual microstructures and their influence on stress and damage evolution inside the rocks. In this study, an image-based fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is developed for reconstructing the actual rock microstructures by combining it with the digital image processing (DIP) technique. A series of experimental investigations were conducted to acquire information regarding the actual microstructure and the mechanical properties. Based on these experimental evidences, the processed microstructure information, in conjunction with the proposed micromechanical model, is incorporated into the numerical calculation. The proposed image-based FFT method was firstly validated through uniaxial compression tests. Subsequently, it was employed to predict and analyze the influence of microstructure on macroscopic mechanical behaviors, local stress distribution and the internal crack evolution process in brittle rocks. The distribution of feldspar is considerably more heterogeneous and scattered than that of quartz, which results in a greater propensity for the formation of cracks in feldspar. It is observed that initial cracks and new cracks, including intragranular and boundary ones, ultimately coalesce and connect as the primary through cracks, which are predominantly distributed along the boundary of the feldspar. This phenomenon is also predicted by the proposed numerical method. The results indicate that the proposed numerical method provides an effective approach for analyzing, understanding and predicting the nonlinear mechanical and cracking behaviors of brittle rocks by taking into account the actual microstructure characteristics.

关键词： Rock microstructure Cracking process Brittle rocks Fast Fourier transform(FFT) Digital image processing(DIP)

Atomically Precise Cu Nanoclusters:Recent Advances,Challenges,and Perspectives in Synthesis and Catalytic Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 130-165页

作者： Mengyao Chen Chengyu Guo Lubing Qin lei Wang Liang Qiao Kebin Chi Zhenghua Tang New Energy Research Institute School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou Higher Education Mega CentreGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China Petrochemical Research Institute PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing 102206People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University) Ministry of EducationHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an emerging type of nanomaterial which has diverse interfacial metal-ligand coordination motifs that can significantly affect their physicochemical properties and *** that,Cu nanoclusters have been gaining continuous increasing research attentions,thanks to the low cost,diversified structures,and superior catalytic performance for various *** this review,we first summarize the recent progress regarding the synthetic methods of atomically precise Cu nanoclusters and the coordination modes between Cu and several typical ligands and then discuss the catalytic applications of these Cu nanoclusters with some explicit examples to explain the atomical-level structure-performance ***,the current challenges and future research perspectives with some critical thoughts are *** hope this review can not only provide a whole picture of the current advances regarding the synthesis and catalytic applications of atomically precise Cu nanoclusters,but also points out some future research visions in this rapidly booming field.

关键词： Atomically precise Cu nanoclusters Controllable synthesis Catalytic applications Structure-performance relationship Challenges and perspectives