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Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第5期13卷 1-14页

作者： Means Arianna Rubin ásbj?rnsdóttir Kristjana Hr?nn Sharrock Katherine C. Galagan Sean R. Aruldas Kumudha Avokpaho Euripide Chabi Félicien Halliday Katherine E. Houngbegnon Parfait Israel Gideon John Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kennedy David legge hugo Oswald William E. Palanisamy Gokila Rogers Elliott Timothy Joseph Pearman Emily Ramesh Rohan Michael Simwanza James Sheik-Abdullah Jasmine Farzana Sheikh Mariyam Togbevi Comlanvi Innocent Witek-McManus Stefan Pullan Rachel L. Bailey Robin Kalua Khumbo Ibikounlé Moudachirou Luty Adrian J. F. Ajjampur Sitara S. R. Walson Judd L. Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA The DeWormProject University of Washington Seattle Washington USA Centre of Public Health Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College Vellore India Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin Department of Disease Control Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp Tropical Medicine London UK Global Health Division International Development Group Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International Research Triangle Park NC USA Division of Medicine University College London London UK Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach Lions Sight First Eye Hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Population Health Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC)Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Université Paris Cité Institut de Recherche pour le Développement MERIT Paris F-75006 France Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age. Mathematical modeling suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission through high-coverage community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). DeWorm3 is a cluster randomized trial testing cMDA for prevalence reduction and transmission interruption. The purpose of this study is to describe coverage of cMDA in study clusters over time and correlates of coverage at individual and cluster *** From 2018-2020, DeWorm3 delivered six rounds of cMDA with 400 mg albendazole at sites in Benin, India, and Malawi. We report coverage, treatment uptake, and directly observed therapy across all rounds. Factors associated with coverage at the cluster level were identified using binomial generalized estimating equations, while factors associated with non-treatment at the individual level were identified using binomial mixed-effects *** Coverage was high across all clusters and rounds, exceeding the WHO target of 75% in all sites and across all rounds (78% to 95%); cluster-level coverage tended to increase over time. Younger, unmarried, and migratory adults were more likely to be untreated at all sites; adult males were more likely to be untreated in Benin and Malawi. Among children, girls were more likely to be untreated, as were non-school-attending and migratory children. Higher adult education was associated with greater odds of non-treatment among adults, but lower odds among children in the household. Belonging to a less wealthy or minority language-speaking household was associated with non-treatment among both adults and *** It is possible to deliver community-wide MDA with high coverage. Unique individual and community-level factors influence treatment across settings,

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Mass drug administration Albendazole Community Coverage

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Improved survival at the cost of more chronic lung disease?Current management and outcomes in extremely preterm infants born in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory:2010-2020

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 230-238页

作者： Nele legge Himanshu Popat Dominic Fitzgerald Liverpool Hospital Corner Elizabeth and Goulburn StreetsLiverpoolNSWAustralia University of Sydney CamperdownAustralia Children's Hospital Westmead WestmeadAustralia

Background Since 2010,most tertiary care hospitals in Australia have changed how they care for extremely premature ***,in-hospital and longer-term outcome data have suggested unchanged or even worse health outcomes in later epochs,especially respiratory *** study examined the trend in outcomes since these changes were introduced,particularly the prevalence of chronic neonatal lung disease(CLD).Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units'(NICUS)database of all perinatal intensive care units in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory,including infants born at≥24 and≤28 weeks of gestational age in tertiary perinatal units between January 1,2010,and December 31,*** trends and changes in primary outcome were examined by linear and adjusted multivariable logistic regression *** This study included 3258 *** saw significant changes in antenatal magnesium sulfate(75% increase),delayed cord clamping(66% increase),delivery room intubations(30% decrease),any time(20% decrease),duration on mechanical ventilation(100-hour decrease),and hours on noninvasive ventilation(200-hour increase).Mortality decreased from 17% to 6%.The incidence of CLD increased significantly even when adjusted for confounders(15% increase).Any time and mean hours spent on mechanical ventilation significantly increased the odds of *** study could not find a significant association of any of the protective antenatal treatments on *** The last decade saw a significant improvement in survival and survival to discharge without major *** was increased use of magnesium sulfate,delayed cord clamping,and less invasive respiratory management of extremely preterm *** avoidance of mechanical ventilation may impact the incidence of CLD.

关键词： Chronic lung disease Extreme prematurity Health outcomes Survival

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Striving towards integrated people-centred health services:reflections on the Australian experience

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第1期7卷 27-32页

作者： David G legge La Trobe China Health Program La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Health systems around the world are under continuing pressure for *** system reform involves both content and *** deals with changes to the structures of the health system;process deals with the strategies of *** this paper,we reflect on the development of the Australian healthcare system and draw out lessons regarding both structural and developmental *** review the historical development and functional performance of a range of‘programmes’which comprise the Australian health *** use WHO’s 2016‘framework on integrated people‐centred health services’as a standard against which to evaluate the performance of the different programmes.A model of health system development featuring incremental change,windows of opportunity and policy coherence is used to frame some lessons from the Australian experience regarding reform *** of the programmes reviewed can be shown to have contributed positively to integrated and people-centred ***,there have also been significant shortfalls in *** successes and the shortfalls of the programmes reviewed reflect both their histories and their contemporary *** principles emerging from this review include the policy leverage available under single payer purchasing and on the other hand the fragmenting effects of privatisation and *** regarding strategies of reform include cultivating‘reform readiness’across all of the locations and levels where opportunities for change may emerge while cultivating system wide coherence through a shared vision of how the system as a whole should develop.

关键词： services policy centre

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Towards real-time detection of wastewater in surface waters using fluorescence spectroscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第12期31卷 195-202页

作者： Ye Z.Yang Nicolas M.Peleato Raymond L.legge Robert C.Andrews Department of Ciuil and Mineral Engineering University of Toronto35 St.George St.TorontoOntario M5S 1A4Canada School of Engineering Uniuersity of British Columbia Okanagan1137 Alwmni AueKeloiunaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Ave.WWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

The presence of municipal wastewater at the intake of a major drinking water treatment facility located on Lake Ontario was examined using fluorescence data collected during a period of continuous *** addition,controlled mixing of lake water and wastewater sampled from a local treatment facility were conducted using a bench-scale fluorescence system to quantify observed changes in natural organic *** linear regression was applied to components derived from parallel factors *** resulting mean absolute error for predicted wastewater level was 0.22%(V/V,wastewater/lake water),indicating that wastewater detection at below 1.0%(V/V)was *** of sucralose,a wastewater indicator,were conducted for treated wastewater as well as surface water collected at two intake locations on Lake *** suggested minimal wastewater contribution at the drinking water intake.A wastewater detection model using a moving baseline was developed and applied to continuous fluorescence data collected at one of the drinking water intakes,which agreed well with sucralose ***,the simulated addition of 1.0%(V/V)of wastewater/wastewater was detectable in 89%of samples analyzed,demonstrating the utility of fluorescence-based wastewater monitoring.

关键词： Excitation emission matrices Parallel factors analysis Natural organic matter Source water monitoring Wastewater impact Water quality assessment

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Hospital management in China in a time of change

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第11期115卷 1716-1726页

作者：裴丽昆 David legge Pauline Stanton School of Public Health La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia

Chinese hospitals face complex challenges: allocating resources equitably and efficiently whilst moving to greater reliance on market mechanisms; maintaining quality despite declining government funding; exercising responsibility in some areas whilst tight government controls remain in others; and generating more revenue from user charges whilst ensuring access to care for the poor.

关键词： Hospital Administration China Financial Management, Hospital Health Policy Hospital Information Systems Humans Problem Solving Quality of Health Care

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Factorization Patterns in F_q [x]

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2022年第2期12卷 70-79页

作者： Thomas Beatty Nicole legge Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers USA

The finite field Fq has q elements, where q = pk for prime p and k∈N. Then Fq[x] is a unique factorization domain and its polynomials can be bijectively associated with their unique (up to order) factorizations into irreducibles. Such a factorization for a polynomial of degree n can be viewed as conforming to a specific template if we agree that factors with higher degree will be written before those with lower degree, and factors of equal degree can be written in any order. For example, a polynomial f(x) of degree n may factor into irreducibles and be written as (a)(b)(c), where deg a ≥ deg b ≥deg c. Clearly, the various partitions of n correspond to the templates available for these canonical factorizations and we identify the templates with the possible partitions. So if f(x) is itself irreducible over Fq, it would belong to the template [n], and if f(x) split over Fq, it would belong to the template [n] Our goal is to calculate the cardinalities of the sets of polynomials corresponding to available templates for general q and n. With this information, we characterize the associated probabilities that a randomly selected member of Fq[x] belongs to a given template. Software to facilitate the investigation of various cases is available upon request from the authors.

关键词： Finite Field Factorization Polynomial Degree Irreducible Splitting Partition Probability

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Real-world emission factors for Caterpillar 797B heavy haulers during mining operations

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Particuology 2016年第5期14卷 22-30页

作者： Xiaoliang Wang Judith C. Chow Steven D. Kohl Kevin E. Percy Allan H. legge John G. Watson Desert Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 895J2 USA Graduate Faculty University of Nevada Reno NV89503 USA The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Wood Buffalo Environmental Association 330 Thickwood Boulevard Fort McMurray AB Canada 7DK 1 Y1 Biosphere Solutions 1610 1 lth Avenue N.W. Calgary AB Canada T2N IG9

Real-world fuel-based emission factors （EFs） from Caterpillar 797B diesel heavy haulers when used for oil sands mining operations were measured using an on-hoard portable emissions monitoring system. Average EFs （in g/kg fuel） for 16 separate tests on four trucks were 3150 ± 4 for CO2, 2.51 ± 1.30 for CH4, 10.28 ± 3.21 for CO, 0.61 ± 0.32 for non-methane hydrocarbons, 55.49 ± 9,75 for NOx （reported as NO2）, 0.70 ± 0.17 for PM2.s （mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter 〈2.5 μm）, and 0.34 ± 0.05 for black carbon （BC）. Ultrafine particle numbers averaged （4.7 ± 4.1 ） × 10^15 particleslkg fuel. Fuel-based EFs of NO, NO2, and particle numbers were higher during idling, whereas PM2.5 and BC EFs were higher during traveling without a load. A comparison of emissions with those reported by oil sands facilities showed large variations, both among the facilities and between the reported emissions and the real-world measurements.

关键词： Heavy hauler Emission Nonroad Portable emissions measurement system Mining Oil sands

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诗经

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2018年

作者： James legge[译]

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赛车手日记(英文)

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2005年第12期 12-13页

作者： Katherine legge

Are you interested in the life of a driver? Now the following dia- ries enable you to get an inside look at what goes on not only in the cockpit(战场) but also dur- ing the free time a driver has.

关键词：赛车手

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汉英四书

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作者：理雅各(James legge)原译

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