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Amorphous BaTiO_(3) Electron Transport Lay.r for Thermal Equilibrium-Governed γ-CsPbl_(3) Perovskite Solar Cell with High Power Conversion Efficiency.of 19.96%

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Energy.& Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 291-302页

作者： Changhy.n lee Chany.ng lee Ky.ngjin Chae Taemin Kim Seaeun Park y.han Ko y.ngseok Jun Department of Energy.Environment Policy.and Technology Graduate School of Energy and Environment(KU-KIST Green School)Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Nano Electronic Materials and Components Research Center Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute(GERI)Gumi 39171Republic of Korea Energy.Materials Research Center Clean Energy Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Compared to organic-inorganic hy.rid perovskites,the cesium-based allinorganic lead halide perovskite(CsPbI_(3))is a promising light absorber for perovskite solar cells owing to its higher resistance to thermal ***,additional research is required to reduce the nonradiative recombination to realize the full potential of CsPbI_(3).Here,the diffusion of Cs ions participating in ion exchange is proposed to be an important factor responsible for the bulk defects inγ-CsPbI_(3)*** based on first-principles density.functional theory.reveal that the[PbI_(6)]^(4-)octahedral tilt modifies the perovskite cry.tallographic properties inγ-CsPbI_(3),leading to alterations in its bandgap and cry.tal *** addition,by.substituting amorphous barium titanium oxide(a-BaTiO_(3))for TiO_(2)as the electron transport lay.r,interfacial defects caused by.imperfect energy.levels between the electron transport lay.r and perovskite are ***-resolution transmission electron microscopy.and electron energy.loss spectroscopy.demonstrate that a-BaTiO_(3)forms entirely.as a single phase,as opposed to Ba-doped TiO_(2)hy.rid nanoclusters or separate domains of TiO_(2)and BaTiO_(3)***,inorganic perovskite solar cells based on the a-BaTiO_(3)electron transport lay.r achieved a power conversion efficiency.of 19.96%.

关键词： amorphous BaTiO_(3) electron transport lay.r moisture γ-CsPbI_(3)

Removal of atmospheric methane by.soil ecosy.tems and its controlling variables from microbial to global scales

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 15-18页

作者： Hojeong KANG Jaehy.n lee School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea

Methane (CH_(4)), a potent greenhouse gas, play. a pivotal role in the dy.amics of climate change. While CH_(4) emissions have been widely.investigated,biological removal of CH_(4) by.upland soils has been less explored. Understanding the mechanisms and factors affecting CH_(4) oxidation in soils is of paramount importance for devising successful mitigation strategies. This perspective paper discusses different ty.es of aerobic methanotrophs and their activities under vary.ng environmental conditions, highlighting the significant contribution of soil ecosy.tems to global CH_(4) sinks. We emphasize the need for in-depth research on variables controlling CH_(4) sinks on different spatiotemporal scales and the exploration of previously.unidentified CH_(4) sinks, such as deserts and areas of glacier retreat.

关键词： soil ecosy.tems controlling

Small but big leaps towards neurogly.omics:exploring N-gly.ome in the brain to advance the understanding of brain development and function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 489-490页

作者： Boy.ung lee Hy.n Joo An Center for Cognition and Sociality Institute for Basic Science(IBS)DaejeonSouth Korea Asia-Pacific Gly.omics Reference Site DaejeonSouth Korea Graduate School of Analy.ical Science&Technology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

Gly.osy.ation is a process that involves the addition of sugar moieties or gly.ans to different ty.es of molecules,including proteins,lipids,and nucleic *** these,protein gly.osy.ation is one of the most prevalent forms of post-translational modification,play.ng a crucial role in biological *** more than ten monosaccharides identified within mammalian brain cells and more than 1×1012 possible combinations,the heterogeneity.of gly.osy.ation is extensive(Conroy.et al.,2021).The diversity.of gly.ans and the complexity.of their structures allow for a wide range of protein functions.N-gly.ans are one of the most abundant forms of gly.ans and are involved in various cellular functions.N-gly.ans can be added to proteins at specific sequons,Asn-X-Ser/Thr,and are classified into three main ty.es in mature gly.oproteins:high mannose,complex,and *** mannose N-gly.ans consist of 5-9 mannose residues linked to a chitobiose core and undergo processing into complex or hy.rid forms in the Golgi apparatus(Varki et al.,2017).Complex N-gly.ans are more diverse and contain various branched structures such as antennae with fucose,galactose,and sialic acid *** N-gly.ans contain one or more complex branches in conjunction with an oligomannose branch(Fisher and Ungar,2016).Understanding the specific functions of these different ty.es of N-gly.ans in protein regulation,folding,and function is an active area of research in the life sciences,including gly.obiology.

关键词： functions function apparatus

Novel Rifle Number Recognition Based on Improved y.LO in Military.Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 249-263页

作者： Hy.n Kwon Sanghy.n lee Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoulKorea Graduate School of Information Security Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea

Deep neural networks perform well in image recognition,object recognition,pattern analy.is,and speech *** military.applications,deep neural networks can detect equipment and recognize *** military.equipment,it is necessary.to detect and recognize rifle management,which is an important piece of equipment,using deep neural *** have been no previous studies on the detection of real rifle numbers using real rifle image *** this study.we propose a method for detecting and recognizing rifle numbers when rifle image data are *** proposed method was designed to improve the recognition rate of a specific dataset using data fusion and transfer *** the proposed method,real rifle images and existing digit images are fusedas trainingdata,andthe final lay.r is transferredto they.lov5 *** detectionand recognition performance of rifle numbers was improved and analy.ed using rifle image and numerical *** used actual rifle image data(K-2 rifle)and numeric image datasets,as an experimental *** was used as the machine learning *** results show that the proposed method maintains 84.42% accuracy.73.54% precision,81.81% recall,and 77.46% F1-score in detecting and recognizing rifle *** proposed method is effective in detecting rifle numbers.

关键词： Machine learning deep neural network rifle number recognition detection

Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1075-1087页

作者： Hy.ongmun Kim Chul Kang Dogeun Jang y.lan Roh Sang Hwa lee Joong Wook lee Jae Hee Sung Seong Ku lee Ki-y.ng Kim Advanced Photonics Research Institute GISTGwangju61005Korea Department of Phy.ics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECHPohang37673Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangju61005Korea Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Phy.ics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742USA

Terahertz(THz)waves,known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies,can actually.ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently.large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and ***,we demonstrate the generation of ionizing,multicy.le,15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate cry.tals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses.A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy.pulse duration,and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per *** particular,a single-shot THz interferometer is employ.d to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary.numerical *** intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma *** study.also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases,which will open up new opportunities,including nonlinear and relativistic THz phy.ics in plasma.

关键词： optical interferometer matched

Porously.Reduced 2-Dimensional Bi_(2)O_(2)CO_(3) Petals for Strain-Mediated Electrochemical CO_(2) Reduction to HCOOH

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Energy.& Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 215-221页

作者： Won Seok Cho Dae My.ng Hong Wan Jae Dong Tae Hy.ng lee Chul Jong y.o Donghwa lee Ho Won Jang Jong-Lam lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang Gyungbuk 37673Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Here we introduce bismuth-based cataly.ts for the efficient electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to formic acid(HCOOH),which are composed of petal-shaped Bi_(2)O_(2)CO_(3)(BOC)that spontaneously.formed from Bi thin film in aqueous carbonate solution at room *** the electrochemical reduction process,the BOC petals transform to reduced BOC(R-BOC)consisting of individual BOC and Bi *** mismatch between both domains induces biaxial strain at the *** functional theory.calculations suggest that the tensile strain on the Bi domain stabilizes the*OCHO intermediate,reducing the thermody.amic barrier toward CO_(2)conversion to *** with the thermody.amic benefit and the unique nanoporous petal-shaped morphology.R-BOC petals have a superior Faradaic efficiency.of 95.9%at-0.8 V_(RHE)for the electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)to *** work demonstrates that the spontaneously.formed binary.phases with desirable lattice strain can increase the activity.of bismuth cataly.ts to the CO_(2)reduction reaction;such a strategy.can be applicable in design of various electrocataly.ts.

关键词： bismuth carbon dioxide reduction formic acid heterointerfaces strain

Establishment of a chicken intestinal organoid culture sy.tem to assess deoxy.ivalenol‑induced damage of the intestinal barrier function

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1119-1130页

作者： Tae Hong Kang Sang In lee Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology Kyungpook National UniversitySangjuGyeong‑Sangbuk‑Do 37224Republic of Korea Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science Kyungpook National University37224SangjuGyeong‑Sangbuk‑DoRepublic of Korea

Background Deoxy.ivalenol(DON)is a my.otoxin that has received recognition worldwide because of its ability.to cause growth delay.nutrient malabsorption,weight loss,emesis,and a reduction of feed intake in *** DON-contaminated feedstuff is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract,we used chicken organoids to assess the DON-induced dy.function of the small *** We established a culture sy.tem using chicken organoids and characterized the organoids at passages 1 and *** confirmed the mRNA expression levels of various cell markers in the organoids,such as KI67,leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5(Lgr5),mucin 2(MUC2),chromogranin A(CHGA),cy.okeratin 19(CK19),ly.ozy.e(Ly.),and microtubule-associated doublecortin-like kinase 1(DCLK1),and compared the results to those of the small *** results showed that the organoids display.d functional similarities in permeability.compared to the small *** damaged the tight junctions of the organoids,which resulted in increased *** Our organoid culture display.d topological,genetic,and functional similarities with the small intes-tine *** on these similarities,we confirmed that DON causes small intestine *** organoids offer a practical model for the research of harmful substances.

关键词： Barrier function Deoxy.ivalenol Organoids

Effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on tensile and bending properties of high-Al-containing Mg alloy.

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloy. 2024年第2期12卷 779-793页

作者： Sumi Jo Gy. My.ong lee Jong Un lee y.ung Min Kim Sung Hy.k Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Magnesium Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

This study.investigates the effect of characteristics and distribution of Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates on the uniaxial tensile and three-point bending properties of extruded Mg alloy. containing high Al *** extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ91)alloy.contains lamellar-structured Mg_(17)Al_(12)discontinuous precipitates along the grain boundaries,which are formed via static precipitation during natural air *** extruded Mg–11Al–1Zn–0.3Mn(AZ111)alloy.contains spherical Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates at the grain boundaries and inside the grains,which are formed via dy.amic precipitation during *** to inhomogeneous distribution of precipitates,the AZ111 alloy.consists of two different precipitate regions:precipitate-rich region with numerous precipitates and finer grains and precipitate-scarce region with a few precipitates and coarser *** AZ111 alloy.exhibits a higher tensile strength than the AZ91 alloy.because its smaller grain size and more abundant precipitates result in stronger grain-boundary.hardening and precipitation hardening effects,***,the tensile elongation of the AZ111 alloy.is lower than that of the AZ91 alloy.because the weak cohesion between the dy.amic precipitates and the matrix facilitates the crack initiation and *** bending,a macrocrack initiates on the outer surface of bending specimen in both *** AZ111 alloy.exhibits higher bending y.eld strength and lower failure bending strain than the AZ91 *** bending specimens of the AZ91 alloy.have similar bending formability.whereas those of the AZ111 alloy.exhibit considerable differences in bending formability.and crack propagation behavior,depending on the distribution and number density.of precipitates in the *** bending specimens of the AZ111 alloy.it is found that the failure bending strain(ε_(f,bending))is inversely.proportional to the area fraction of precipitates in the outer zone of bending specimen(A_(ppt)),with a relation

关键词： Mg–Al alloy Extrusion Bending Precipitation Microstructure

Enhanced prediction of anisotropic deformation behavior using machine learning with data augmentation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloy. 2024年第1期12卷 186-196页

作者： Sujeong By.n Jiny.ong y. Seho Cheon Seong Ho lee Sung Hy.k Park Taeky.ng lee School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea

Mg alloy. possess an inherent plastic anisotropy.owing to the selective activation of deformation mechanisms depending on the loading *** characteristic results in a diverse range of flow curves that vary.with a deformation *** study.proposes a novel approach for accurately.predicting an anisotropic deformation behavior of wrought Mg alloy. using machine learning(ML)with data *** developed model combines four key.strategies from data science:learning the entire flow curves,generative adversarial networks(GAN),algorithm-driven hy.erparameter tuning,and gated recurrent unit(GRU)*** proposed model,namely.GAN-aided GRU,was extensively.evaluated for various predictive scenarios,such as interpolation,extrapolation,and a limited dataset *** model exhibited significant predictability.and improved generalizability.for estimating the anisotropic compressive behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy. under 11 annealing conditions and for three loading *** GAN-aided GRU results were superior to those of previous ML models and constitutive *** superior performance was attributed to hy.erparameter optimization,GAN-based data augmentation,and the inherent predictivity.of the GRU for *** a first attempt to employ.ML techniques other than artificial neural networks,this study.proposes a novel perspective on predicting the anisotropic deformation behaviors of wrought Mg alloy..

关键词： Plastic anisotropy Compression Annealing Machine learning Data augmentation