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Wr.nkles on Sepals： Cuticular.r.dges For. when Cuticle Pr.duction Outpaces Epider.al Cell Expansion

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Molecular.Plant 2017年第4期10卷 540-541页

作者： David r. Smyth School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia

The cuticle is a water.r.of coat that cover. the outer.sur.ace of plant or.ans exposed above the gr.und, such as leaves, stems, flor.l or.ans, and fr.its （but not bar.）（Yeats and r.se, 2013）. It pr.vents the escape of water.vapor.and can pr.tect the plant fr.m pathogen attack and UV-B exposur.. The cuticle is made fr.m cutin, a complex polyester.embedded with hydr.phobic waxes, and cover. the outer.cell wall of the epider.is.

关键词： Wr.nkles Sepals Cuticular.r.dges

Shor.-Ter. Effect of Nitr.gen Intensification on Aggr.gate Size Distr.bution, Micr.bial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in a Semi-Ar.d Soil Under.Differ.nt Cr.p Types

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Pedospher. 2019年第4期29卷 483-491页

作者： r.jasekar.n MUr.GAN V. r. r.makr.shna PAr.MA Beate MADAN r. MUTHUr.JU Ber.ar. LUDWIG Depar.ment of Envir.nmental Chemistr. University of Kassel Nordbahnhof str. la Witzenhausen 37213 (Germany) Depar.ment of Soil Science and Agr.cultur.l Chemistr. University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK) Bangalore 560065 (India) Or.anic Plant Pr.duction and Agr.ecosystems r.sear.h in the Tr.pics and Subtr.pics University of Kassel Stein str. 19 Witzenhausen 37213 (Germany) Depar.ment of Agr.cultur.l Micr.biology University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK) Bangalore 560065 (India)

Ther. is a lack of quantitative assessments available on the effect of agr.cultur.l intensification on soil aggr.gate distr.bution and micr.bial pr.per.ies. Her., we investigated how shor.-ter. nitr.gen(N) intensification induced changes in aggr.gate size distr.bution and micr.bial pr.per.ies in a soil of a hot moist semi-ar.d r.gion(Bangalor., India). We hypothesised that N intensification would incr.ase the accumulation of macr.aggr.gates > 2 mm and soil micr.bial biomass and activity, and that the specific cr.p plant sowed would influence the level of this incr.ase. In November.2016, sur.ace(0–10 cm) and subsur.ace(10–20 cm) soil samples wer. taken fr.m thr.e N fer.ilisation tr.atments, low N(50 kg N ha-1), medium N(75 and 100 kg N ha-1 for.finger.millet and maize, r.spectively),and high N(100 and 150 kg N ha-1 for.finger.millet and maize, r.spectively). Distr.bution of water.stable aggr.gate concentr.tions,car.on(C) and N dynamics within aggr.gate size class, and soil micr.bial biomass and activity wer. evaluated. The high-N tr.atment significantly incr.ased the concentr.tion of lar.e macr.aggr.gates in the subsur.ace soil of the maize cr.p tr.atment, pr.sumably due to an incr.ased C input fr.m r.ot gr.wth. Differ.nt N fer.ilisation levels did not significantly affect C and N concentr.tions in differ.nt aggr.gate size classes or.the bulk soil. High-N applications significantly incr.ased dehydr.genase activity in both the sur.ace soil and the subsur.ace soil and ur.ase activity in the sur.ace soil, likely because of incr.ased accumulation of enzymes stabilised by soil colloids in dr. soils. Dehydr.genase activity was significantly affected by the type of cr.p, but ur.ase activity not. Over.ll, our.r.sults showed that high N application r.tes alter.lar.e macr.aggr.gates and enzyme activities in sur.ace and subsur.ace soils thr.ugh an incr.ased abovegr.und and cor.esponding belowgr.und biomass input in the maize cr.p.

关键词： agr.cultur.l intensification biomass input C and N dynamics lar.e macr.aggr.gate micr.aggr.gate N application small macr.aggr.gate water.stable aggr.gates

A Note on r.viving the Goddar. Satellite-Based Sur.ace Tur.ulent Fluxes (GSSTF) Dataset

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Advances in Atmospher.c Sciences 2009年第6期26卷 1071-1080页

作者： Chung-Lin SHIE Long S. CHIU r.ber. ADLEr.Er.c NELKIN I-I LIN Pingping XIE Feng-Chin WANG r. CHOKNGAMWONG William OLSON D. allen CHU UMBC/GEST Baltimore Maryland USA Code 613.1 NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland USA GMU/CEOSr Fairfax Virginia USA CUHK/ISEIS Shatin NT Hong Kong UMCP/ESSIC College Park Maryland USA SSAI Lanham Maryland USA NTU Taipei Taiwan NOAA/CPC Camp Springs Maryland USA CWB Taipei Chinese Taiwan UMBC/JCET Baltimore Maryland USA Code 613.2 NASA/GSFC Greenbelt Maryland USA

Accur.te sea sur.ace flux measur.ments ar. cr.cial for.under.tanding the global water.and ener.y cycles. The oceanic evapor.tion, which is a major.component of the global oceanic fr.sh water.flux, is useful for.pr.dicting oceanic cir.ulation and tr.nspor.. The global Goddar. Satellite-based Sur.ace Tur.ulent Fluxes Ver.ion-2 （GSSTF2; July 1987–December.2000） dateset that was o？cially r.leased in 2001 has been widely used by scientific community for.global ener.y and water.cycle r.sear.h, and r.gional and shor. per.od data analyses. We have r.cently been funded by NASA to r.sume pr.cessing the GSSTF dataset with an objective of continually pr.ducing a unifor. dataset of sea sur.ace tur.ulent fluxes, der.ved fr.m r.mote sensing data. The dataset is to be r.pr.cessed and br.ught up-to-date （GSSTF2b） using impr.ved input datasets such as a r.cently upgr.ded NCEP/DOE sea sur.ace temper.tur. r.analysis, and an upgr.ded sur.ace wind and micr.wave br.ghtness temper.tur. V6 dataset （Ver.ion 6） fr.m the Special Sensor.Micr.wave Imager.（SSM/I） pr.duced by r.mote Sensing Systems （r.S）. A second new pr.duct （GSSTF3） is fur.her.pr.posed with a finer.tempor.l （12-h） and spatial （0.25° × 0.25°） r.solution. GSSTF2b （July 1987–December.2008） and GSSTF3 （July 1999–December.2009） will be r.leased for.the r.sear.h community to use by late 2009 and ear.y 2011, r.spectively.

关键词： sur.ace tur.ulent fluxes global oceanic satellite-based

Gene ther.py and the r.gener.tion of r.tinal ganglion cell axons

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2014年第3期9卷 232-233页

作者： Alan r. Har.ey The Univer.ity of Wester. Austr.lia Australia 6009

Because the adult mammalian centr.l ner.ous system （CNS） has only limited intr.nsic capacity to r.gener.te connections after.injur., due to factor. both intr.nsic and extr.nsic to the matur. neur.n （Shen et al., 1999; Ber.y et al., 2008; Lingor.et al., 2008; Sun and He, 2010; Moor. et al., 2011 ）, ther.pies ar. r.quir.d to suppor. the sur.ival of injur.d neu-r.ns and to pr.mote the long-distance r.gr.wth of axons back to their.or.ginal tar.et str.ctur.s. The r.tina and optic ner.e （ON） ar. par. of the CNS and this system is much used in exper.ments designed to test new ways of pr.moting r.gener.tion after.injur. （Har.ey et al., 2006; Benowitz and Yin, 2008; Ber.y et al., 2008; Fischer.and Leibinger. 2012）. Testing of ther.pies designed to impr.ve r.tinal ganglion cell （r.C） viability also has dir.ct clinical r.levance because ther. is loss of these centr.lly pr.jecting neur.ns in many ophthalmic diseases.

关键词： r.Cs gene Gene ther.py and the r.gener.tion of r.tinal ganglion cell axons AAV cell

The r.lationship between sexual selection and speciation

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Cur.ent Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 413-415页

作者： Mar.a r. SEr.EDIO Depar.ment of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA servedio@email.unc.edu

1 Intr.duction The intr.guing r.lationship between sexual selection and speciation has spar.ed an incr.asing number.of pa- per. in r.cent year. that have attempted to dr.w connec- tions between the two pr.cesses. These include a myr.ad of theor.tical and empir.cal studies, as well as sever.l influential r.views （e.g. Pr.ce, 1998; Panhuis et al., 2001, Kir.patr.ck and r.vign6, 2002; r.tchie, 2007; Maan and Seehausen, 2011）. In par.icular. many r.- sear.her. have speculated on whether.sexual selection can lead to speciation, either.alone, or.in conjunction with ecological pr.cesses. Such speculation is tempting in par. because of the obvious differ.nces in secondar. sexual char.cter. that often exist between closely r.- lated species. Indeed one of the ear.iest and most influ- ential of all sexual selection models, Lande＇s （1981） paper.＂Models of speciation by sexual selection on a polygenic tr.it＂ center.d its title on the r.le that sexual selection may play in speciation.

关键词：形态选择模型生态过程第二性征基因性状新物种影响性

r.le of the IL-33-ST2 axis in sepsis

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Militar. Medical r.sear.h 2017年第1期4卷 50-60页

作者： Hui Xu Heth r. Tur.quist r.semar. Hoffman Timothy r. Billiar Depar.ment of Sur.er. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA State Key Labor.tor. of Or.l Diseases Department of Orthodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Thomas E. Star.l Tr.nsplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA.

Sepsis r.mains a major.clinical pr.blem with high mor.idity and mor.ality. As new inflammator. mediator. ar. char.cter.zed, it is impor.ant to under.tand their.r.les in sepsis. Inter.eukin 33(IL-33) is a r.cently descr.bed member.of the IL-1 family that is widely expr.ssed in cells of bar.ier.tissues. Upon tissue damage, IL-33 is r.leased as an alar.in and activates var.ous types of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system thr.ugh binding to the ST2/IL-1 r.ceptor.accessor. pr.tein complex. IL-33 has appar.nt pleiotr.pic functions in many disease models, with its actions str.ngly shaped by the local micr.envir.nment. r.cent studies have established a r.le for.the IL-33-ST2 axis in the initiation and per.etuation of inflammation dur.ng endotoxemia, but its r.les in sepsis appear.to be or.anism and model dependent. In this r.view, we focus on the r.cent advances in under.tanding the r.le of the IL-33/ST2 axis in sepsis.

关键词： Sepsis Inter.eukin-33 ST2

Scour.counter.easur.s for.cylindr.cal pier. using r.pr.p and combination of collar.and r.pr.p

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Sediment r.sear.h 2010年第3期25卷 313-321页

作者： Amir.r. ZAr.ATI Mohammad r. CHAMANI Abolfazl SHAFAIE Milad LATIFI Dept. of Civil and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng Amirkabir University of Technology Dept. of Civil Engineer.ng Isfahan University of Technology Dept. Civil Engineer.ng Isfahan University of Technology

Var.ous methods ar. pr.posed to contr.l scour.ng ar.und br.dge pier.. In the pr.sent study application of r.pr.p alone and combinations of r.pr.p and collar.wer. examined exper.mentally for.scour.contr.l ar.und cylindr.cal br.dge pier.. Tests wer. conducted with seven r.pr.p sizes and with two differ.nt sizes of collar.. Empir.cal equations wer. developed for.stable r.pr.p diameter.for.two cases of pier. with and without collar.pr.tection. Extent of r.pr.p layer.is also pr.sented for.these two cases. The r.sults showed that in the r.nge of b/dr.7.5 (wher. b is pier.diameter.and dr.is r.pr.p size) using a collar.r.duced the stable r.pr.p size. It was also concluded that using collar.r.duced the r.pr.p layer.extension in fr.nt and sides of the pier.

关键词： Scour Counter.easur.s Cylindr.cal Pier. Collar r.pr.p

Photolysis studies on HCOOH and HCOO^- in pr.sence of TiO_2 photocatalyst as suspension in aqueous medium

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Jour.al of Natur.l Gas Chemistr. 2009年第1期18卷 50-54页

作者： G. r. Dey K. N. r. Nair.K. K. Pushpa r.diation and Photochemistr. Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400 085 India

Photolysis studies on for.ic acid （HCOOH） and for.ate ion （HCOO-） in pr.sence of TiO2, a photocatalyst, as suspension in water.wer. car.ied out separ.tely using 350 nm ultr.violet light. The pr.ducts, such as H2, CO, CO2 and CH4, gener.ted dur.ng the exper.ments wer. monitor.d with var.ing the ambient, light exposur. time, and the concentr.tion of HCOOH/HCOO-. The yields of CO in all these systems incr.ased with light exposur. time. In aer.ted systems, CO yields wer. higher.in contr.st to the deoxygenated （Ar.pur.ed） systems under.identical conditions. It is pr.posed appar.ntly that the for.ation of CO is taking place dur.ng the chemical r.duction of in-situ gener.ted CO2, a photo-miner.lized pr.duct of HCOOH/HCOO-, but not thr.ugh the dir.ct photodecomposition or.photodehydr.tion （CO＋H2O） of solute molecules. The r.tes of CO for.ation dur.ng 1.3 M HCOOH photolysis in pr.sence of TiO2 photocatalyst wer. evaluated to be 0.21 and 0.13 μl/min in aer.ted and Ar.pur.ed systems, r.spectively. As compar.d with HCOOH systems, the CO yields ar. lower.when 0.2 M HCOONa was exposed to light under.identical conditions. The CO gr.wth r.tes wer. evaluated to be 0.07 and 0.046 μl/min^-1 for.aer.ted and deoxygenated HCOONa systems, r.spectively; mor.over. the tr.nd is quite similar.to that of the HCOOH system. Under.these conditions, the emission of H2 was also obser.ed, and its yield was significantly higher.in Ar.pur.ed system as compar.d with the CO yields. However. in aer.ted system, the yields of these pr.ducts wer. just opposite. The for.ation of low yield of methane was obser.ed dur.ng photolysis of HCOOH/HCOO ions. In CO2 ambient, the yields of CO and H2 var.ed dr.stically with time.

关键词： for.ic acid for.ate ion photolysis TiO2

When and how did plate tectonics begin?Theor.tical and empir.cal consider.tions

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第5期52卷 578-591页

作者： r. J. STEr. Geosciences Depar.ment University of Texas at Dallas Box 830688 Richardson TX 75083-0688 USA

板 tectonics 在对流传热的披风(岩流圈) 上是地球的热界面层(岩石圈) 的水平运动并且被岩石圈 inking 主要在 subduction 地区驾驶。板 tectonics 是组织的自我的一个突出的例子，远离平衡建筑群系统(SOFFECS ) ，由热界面层的否定快... 详细信息

板 tectonics 在对流传热的披风(岩流圈) 上是地球的热界面层(岩石圈) 的水平运动并且被岩石圈 inking 主要在 subduction 地区驾驶。板 tectonics 是组织的自我的一个突出的例子，远离平衡建筑群系统(SOFFECS ) ，由热界面层的否定快活开车并且由在弯曲岩石圈的驱散控制并且粘滞披风。板 tectonics 是一个不平常的方法让一个硅酸盐行星失去热，当它存在在上仅仅之一大在内部太阳系的五硅酸盐身体。构造活动和热损失的这个模式什么时候开始了，不被知道在地球上。所有硅酸盐行星可能经历了一个短命岩浆海洋阶段。在这团结的、停滞的盖行为是行星的热损失的普通模式以后，与内部，热被融化在更热的早地球中的火山作用和浅 *** 产生了的分层和“热点”正在失去一个不同岩石圈比今天，与更厚的海洋的外壳和更薄的披风岩石圈；如此的岩石圈将比花更长时间目前变得否定地快活，在早地球上建议那板 tectonics 偶发地发生了如果根本。板 tectonics 变得持续(现代风格) 当土足够地冷却了时，融化在散布山脉下面的那解压缩做了薄海洋的外壳，允许海洋的岩石圈在百万年中的一些十个以后变得否定地快活。板 tectonics 什么时候开始了的 Ultimatelythe 问题必须被从地质的记录检索的信息回答。标准因为板 tectonics 的操作包括 ophiolites，蓝片岩 andultr. 高的压力变形的带， eclogites，被动边缘，变换差错，不同 cr.tons 的不同运动的 paleomagneticdemonstr.tion，和在火的岩石中的诊断 geochemicaland 同位素示踪剂的存在。这个记录必须个别地被解释；我解释记录在锝? 从活跃太古代的 tectonics 和类似于板 tectonics 的 magmatismto 一些东西显示构造式样的前进 9 Ga 到有深 subduction 的持续、现代风格板 tectonics—并且强大的平板拉—在 Neopr.ter.zoic 时间开始。

关键词：板块构造形成时间形成机制俯冲前寒武纪地球动力学岩浆作用