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Increased β-Cyanoalanine Nitrilase Activity Improves Cyanide Tolerance and Assimilation in Arabidopsis

2002年

作者： lee j. Kraj.wski Larry P. Ritzman.

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 231-243页

作者： Brendan O'Leary GaU M. Preston lee j. Sweetlove Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

Plants naturally produce cyanide （CN） which is maintained at low levels in their cells by a process of rapid assimilation. However, high concentrations of environmental CN associated with activities such as industrial pollution are toxic to plants. There is thus an interest in increasing the CN detoxification capacity of plants as a potential route to phytoremediation. Here, Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing the Pseudomonas fluorescens β-cyanoalanine nitrilase pinA were compared with wild-type and a β-cyanoalanine nitrilase knockout line （△Atnit4） for growth in the presence of exogenous CN. After incubation with CN, ＋PfpinA seedlings had increased root length, increased fresh weight, and decreased leaf bleaching compared with wild-type, indicating increased CN tolerance. The increased tolerance was achieved without an increase in β-cyanoalanine synthase activity, the other enzyme in the cyanide assimilation pathway, suggesting that nitrilase activity is the limiting factor for cyanide detoxification. Labeling experiments with [^13C] KCN demonstrated that the altered CN tolerance could be explained by differences in flux from CN to Asn caused by altered β-cyanoalanine nitrilase activity. Metabolite profiling after CN treatment provided new insight into downstream metabolism, revealing onward metabolism of Asn by the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle and accumulation of aromatic amino acids.

关键词： cyanide β-cyanoalanine cyanide detoxification asparagine metabolism nitrilase

Design　Issues　for　Use　of　Solid　State　Transmitter　Radars　in　the　Terminal　Airspace

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j.urnal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1995年第1期6卷 57-64页

作者： E. lee Cole & Lawrence j. Friz(Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Baltimore, MD, USA) Westinghouse Electric Corporation Baltimore MD USA

Abstract

关键词： Design Use Issues Airspace

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.lee S.CHANG j.lee Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： N.IQBAL j.CHOI S.F.SHAH C.lee S.lee Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(NMC)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary NMC particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more ***,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress *** paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of NMC active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(NMC)

The Metabolic Response of Arabidopsis Roots to Oxidative Stress is Distinct from that of Heterotrophic Cells in Culture and Highlights a Complex Relationship between the Levels of Transcripts, Metabolites, and Flux

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 390-406页

作者： Martin Lehmann Markus Schwarzlander Toshihiro Obata Supaart Sirikantaramas Meike Burow Carl Erik Olsen Takayuki Tohge Mark D. Fricker Birger Lindberg Moiler Alisdair R. Fernie lee j. Sweetlove Miriam Laxa Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Am M0hlenberg 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK Plant Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology and VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants University of Copenhagen 40 Thorvaldsensvei DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Metabolic adj.stments are a significant, but poorly understood, part of the response of plants to oxidative stress. In a previous study （Baxter et al., 2007）, the metabolic response of Arabidopsis cells in culture to induction of oxidative stress by menadione was characterized. An emergency survival strategy was uncovered in which anabolic primary metabolism was largely down-regulated in favour of catabolic and antioxidant metabolism. The response in whole plant tissues may be different and we have therefore investigated the response of Arabidopsis roots to menadione treatment, analyzing the transcriptome, metabolome and key metabolic fluxes with focus on primary as well as secondary metabolism. Using a redox-sensitive GFP, it was also shown that menadione causes redox perturbation, not j.st in the mitochondrion, but also in the cytosol and plastids of roots. In the first 30 min of treatment, the response was similar to the cell culture： there was a decrease in metabolites of the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthesis and the transcriptomic response was dominated by up-regulation of DNA regulatory proteins. After 2 and 6 h of treatment, the response of the roots was different to the cell culture. Metabolite levels did not remain depressed, but instead recovered and, in the case of pyruvate, some amino acids and aliphatic glucosinolates showed a steady increase above control levels. However, no maj.r changes in fluxes of central carbon metabolism were observed and metabolic transcripts changed largely independently of the corresponding metabolites. Together, the results suggest that root tissues can recover metabolic activity after oxidative inhibition and highlight potentially important roles for glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.

关键词： Carbon metabolism oxidative and photo oxidative stress secondary metabolism phenylpropanoids and phenolics root biology Arabidopsis.

Mathematical beauty and Palladian architecture:Measuring and comparing visual complexity and diversity

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 729-740页

作者： j. Hyun lee Michael j.Ostwald School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign&ArchitectureThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Palladio’s design principles,including proportion and harmony,have often been associated with mathematical definitions of ***,the geometric and semantic properties of his fac¸ades have rarely been analysed in a holistic *** is little evidence of how mathematical beauty may be embodied in his *** research investigates complexity(fractal dimension or D)and diversity(perplexity or PP)as aesthetic indices,aiming to capture distinct characteristics of Palladian *** D and PP values of 22 Palladian villa fac¸ades are measured and analysed,before being compared with those of three Renaissance facades by Sebastiano *** combination of D and PP captures the geometric and semantic aesthetic qualities of architectural ***,the developed scatter plot of D and PP results supports the identification of four distinct aesthetic types of Palladian fac¸ade *** novel combination of D and PP measures contributes to a better understanding of one definition of the mathematical beauty of architecture,wherein“the whole is other than the sum of the parts”in compositional terms(a famous Gestalt principle).Specifically,this research provides new mathematical insights into the visual character of Palladian architecture and compares two important measures thereof.

关键词： Palladian architecture Complexity Diversity Mathematical beauty Perplexity Fac¸ade design

Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.j.ong S.W.lee W.j.Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

Study on metabolic pattern of plasma amino acids in rat models with adenovirus infections by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Study on metabolic pattern of plasma amino acids in rat mode...

Production and Property Improvement of Biodiesel from Waste Oils

30th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography、4th GC×GC Symposium、16th National Symposium and Exhibition on Chromatography,i.e. 1st Dalian International Symposium and Exhibition on Chromatography

作者： Moon,S.-M. lee,j. Kim,K.-R. Ahn,Y.-H. lee,G. Paik,M.-j. Institute for Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Research Aj.u University School of Medicine Wonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University School of MedicineWonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Biometabolite Analysis Laboratory College of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 440-746South Korea Biometabolite Analysis Laboratory College of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 440-746South Korea Institute for Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Research Aj.u University School of Medicine Wonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Department of NeurosurgeryAjou University School of MedicineWonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Institute for Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Research Aj.u University School of Medicine Wonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou University School of MedicineWonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Brain Disease Research CenterAjou University School of MedicineWonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea Institute for Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Research Aj.u University School of Medicine Wonchon-dongYeongtong-guSuwon 443-721South Korea

＜正＞The alteration of amino acid（AA）levels in biological fluids including cells associated with viral infectivity. Therefore,AA levels were monitored in rat plasma after the inj.ction with adenovirus,β-galactosidase expressing recombinant adenovirus（designated rAdLacZ）and *** profiling analysis of AAs in plasma from control,rAdLacZ and RCA groups were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their ethoxycarbonylated,and tert-butyldimethylsilylated *** star symbol plotting was applied to the group mean values of AAs after normalization to the corresponding normal mean values,the resulting star patterns of the two infection groups were deformed and characteristic of each *** method allowed rapid discrimination of viral infection groups from normal group.

关键词： Adenovirus infection Amino acid Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Star symbol plot Pattern recognition

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Production and Property Improvement of Biodiesel from Waste ...